607 research outputs found
SU(4) symmetry breaking revealed by magneto-optical spectroscopy in epitaxial graphene
Refined infrared magnetotransmission experiments have been performed in
magnetic fields B up to 35 T on a series of multilayer epitaxial graphene
samples. Following the main optical transition involving the n=0 Landau level
(LL), we observe a new absorption transition increasing in intensity with
magnetic fields B>26 T. Our analysis shows that this is a signature of the
breaking of the SU(4) symmetry of the n=0 LL. Using a quantitative model, we
show that the only symmetry-breaking scheme consistent with our experiments is
a charge density wave (CDW)
Cyclic behaviour simulation of X38CRMOV5-47HRC (AISI H11)-tempered martensitic hot-work tool steel
Issu de : 7th International tooling conference on tooling materials and their applications from research to market, Torino, ITALY, 2-5 May 2006International audienceThe cyclic behaviour of X38CrMoV5 (AISI H11) tool steel with a nominal hardness of 47HRC has been predicted. Basically, thermo-elastoplastic and thermo-elastoviscoplastic constitutive laws are investigated. First, various uniaxial isothermal conditions (LCF) with different strain rate, strain amplitude and temperature level are investigated. Then the constitutive laws are examined under various TMF loading conditions. The simulated results by both the approaches are compared with experimental results in terms of stress?strain behaviour and cyclic softening. Some applications of the model for simulation of thermal fatigue sample are shown. Taking into consideration the results of this work, the goal is to further characterise the limitations of these constitutive laws under complex and severe loading conditions, i.e., under variable temperature, variable strain amplitude and thermal fatigue structural specimen
Infrared problem for the Nelson model on static space-times
We consider the Nelson model with variable coefficients and investigate the
problem of existence of a ground state and the removal of the ultraviolet
cutoff. Nelson models with variable coefficients arise when one replaces in the
usual Nelson model the flat Minkowski metric by a static metric, allowing also
the boson mass to depend on position. A physical example is obtained by
quantizing the Klein-Gordon equation on a static space-time coupled with a
non-relativistic particle. We investigate the existence of a ground state of
the Hamiltonian in the presence of the infrared problem, i.e. assuming that the
boson mass tends to 0 at infinity
Characterization of a new 5' splice site within the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus genome: evidence for a novel auxiliary protein
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lentiviral genomes encode multiple structural and regulatory proteins. Expression of the full complement of viral proteins is accomplished in part by alternative splicing of the genomic RNA. Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) and maedi-visna virus (MVV) are two highly related small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) that infect goats and sheep. Their genome seems to be less complex than those of primate lentiviruses since SRLVs encode only three auxiliary proteins, namely, Tat, Rev, and Vif, in addition to the products of <it>gag</it>, <it>pol</it>, and <it>env </it>genes common to all retroviruses. Here, we investigated the central part of the SRLV genome to identify new splice elements and their relevance in viral mRNA and protein expression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We demonstrated the existence of a new 5' splice (SD) site located within the central part of CAEV genome, 17 nucleotides downstream from the SD site used for the <it>rev </it>mRNA synthesis, and perfectly conserved among SRLV strains. This new SD site was found to be functional in both transfected and infected cells, leading to the production of a transcript containing an open reading frame generated by the splice junction with the 3' splice site used for the <it>rev </it>mRNA synthesis. This open reading frame encodes two major protein isoforms of 18- and 17-kDa, named Rtm, in which the N-terminal domain shared by the Env precursor and Rev proteins is fused to the entire cytoplasmic tail of the transmembrane glycoprotein. Immunoprecipitations using monospecific antibodies provided evidence for the expression of the Rtm isoforms in infected cells. The Rtm protein interacts specifically with the cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane glycoprotein <it>in vitro</it>, and its expression impairs the fusion activity of the Env protein.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The characterization of a novel CAEV protein, named Rtm, which is produced by an additional multiply-spliced mRNA, indicated that the splicing pattern of CAEV genome is more complex than previously reported, generating greater protein diversity. The high conservation of the SD site used for the <it>rtm </it>mRNA synthesis among CAEV and MVV strains strongly suggests that the Rtm protein plays a role in SRLV propagation <it>in vivo</it>, likely by competing with Env protein functions.</p
Influence of Radar Frequency on the Relationship Between Bare Surface Soil Moisture Vertical Profile and Radar Backscatter
International audienceThe aim of this letter is to discuss the influence of radar frequency on the relationship between surface soil moisture and the nature of radar backscatter over bare soils. In an attempt to address this issue, the advanced integral equation model was used to simulate backscatter from soil surfaces with various moisture vertical profiles, for three frequency bands, namely, L, C, and X. In these computations, we investigated the influence of the vertical heterogeneity of soil moisture on the characteristics of the backscattered signals. The influence of radar frequency is clearly demonstrated. A database produced from Envisat ASAR and TerraSAR-X data, which was acquired over bare soils with in situ measurements of moisture content and ground surface roughness, was used to validate the utility of taking the soil moisture heterogeneity into account in the backscatter model
Size Effect in Fracture: Roughening of Crack Surfaces and Asymptotic Analysis
Recently the scaling laws describing the roughness development of fracture
surfaces was proposed to be related to the macroscopic elastic energy released
during crack propagation [Mor00]. On this basis, an energy-based asymptotic
analysis allows to extend the link to the nominal strength of structures. We
show that a Family-Vicsek scaling leads to the classical size effect of linear
elastic fracture mechanics. On the contrary, in the case of an anomalous
scaling, there is a smooth transition from the case of no size effect, for
small structure sizes, to a power law size effect which appears weaker than the
linear elastic fracture mechanics one, in the case of large sizes. This
prediction is confirmed by fracture experiments on wood.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Ratio of Hadronic Decay Rates of J\psi and \psi(2S) and the \rho\pi Puzzle
The so-called \rho\pi puzzle of J\psi and \psi(2S) decays is examined using
the experimental data available to date. Two different approaches were taken to
estimate the ratio of J\psi and \psi(2S) hadronic decay rates. While one of the
estimates could not yield the exact ratio of \psi(2S) to J\psi inclusive
hadronic decay rates, the other, based on a computation of the inclusive ggg
decay rate for
\psi(2S) (J\psi) by subtracting other decay rates from the total decay rate,
differs by two standard deviations from the naive prediction of perturbative
QCD, even though its central value is nearly twice as large as what was naively
expected. A comparison between this ratio, upon making corrections for specific
exclusive two-body decay modes, and the corresponding experimental data
confirms the puzzles in
J\psi and \psi(2S) decays. We find from our analysis that the exclusively
reconstructed hadronic decays of the \psi(2S) account for only a small fraction
of its total decays, and a ratio exceeding the above estimate should be
expected to occur for a considerable number of the remaining decay channels. We
also show that the recent new results from the BES experiment provide crucial
tests of various theoretical models proposed to explain the puzzle.Comment: 8 pages, no figure, 4 table
Possible large phase in psi(2S) -> 1-0- Decays
The strong and the electromagnetic amplitudes are analyzed on the basis of
the measurements of J/psi, psi(2S) -> 1-0- in e+e- experiments. The currently
available experimental information is revised with inclusion of the
contribution from e+e- -> gamma * -> 1-0- . The study shows that a large phase
around minus 90 degree between the strong and the electromagnetic amplitudes
could not be ruled out by the experimental data for psi(2S).Comment: 4 page
Nonlinear coherent states and Ehrenfest time for Schrodinger equation
We consider the propagation of wave packets for the nonlinear Schrodinger
equation, in the semi-classical limit. We establish the existence of a critical
size for the initial data, in terms of the Planck constant: if the initial data
are too small, the nonlinearity is negligible up to the Ehrenfest time. If the
initial data have the critical size, then at leading order the wave function
propagates like a coherent state whose envelope is given by a nonlinear
equation, up to a time of the same order as the Ehrenfest time. We also prove a
nonlinear superposition principle for these nonlinear wave packets.Comment: 27 page
Scaling of Crack Surfaces and Implications on Fracture Mechanics
The scaling laws describing the roughness development of crack surfaces are
incorporated into the Griffith criterion. We show that, in the case of a
Family-Vicsek scaling, the energy balance leads to a purely elastic brittle
behavior. On the contrary, it appears that an anomalous scaling reflects a
R-curve behavior associated to a size effect of the critical resistance to
crack growth in agreement with the fracture process of heterogeneous brittle
materials exhibiting a microcracking damage.Comment: Revtex, 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical
Review Letter
- …