4 research outputs found
Evaluación del rendimiento y caracterización fisiológica de dos variedades de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) sometidas a déficit hídrico bajo condiciones de invernadero
Get PDFEl interés por el cultivo y
el
consumo de la quinua
(Chenopodium quinoa)
ha
aumentado
debido a
las propiedades
nutricionales
de su grano
y
la
capacidad
de
esta especie
para
crecer
en condiciones adversas como
la
sequía.
Escenarios de
cambio climático predicen
periodos de sequía
con mayor duración y por tanto
es de
gran relevancia
la búsqueda de cultivos
que toleren
estas
condiciones.
El objetivo
de este trabajo fue evaluar parámetros de rendimiento,
calidad y
fisiológicos en dos
variedades de quinua sometidas a
estrés por
déficit hídrico en condiciones de
invernadero. Como material vegetal se utilizaron
la variedad costera Rainbow y
la
variedad
de altiplano Illpa provenientes de Chile.
Hasta el inicio de la formación de
fruto,
las plantas crecieron con óptimas condiciones de riego. A partir de entonces,
se inició la aplicación de los tratamientos de déficit hídrico, correspondientes a
control o 100% de la capacidad
de
retención del
sustrato en el
contenedor (CC),
50% CC y 20% CC.
En todos los tratamientos se analizaron
parámetros de
rendimiento, calidad
de grano
y
fotosintéticos,
biomasa de raíces, análisis del
isótopo
13C, contenido
de carbohidratos, aminoácidos,
minerales y
contenido
relativo
de
Rubisco.
No fue observado un efecto
del déficit hídrico en las variables
de rendimiento
y calidad de grano.
Sin embargo, hubo
incremento
significativo
de
la
biomasa de raíces en
plantas sometidas a estrés respecto al control en
las dos
variedades.
Los parámetros fisiológicos disminuyeron
en las dos variedades
evaluadas.
La variedad costera presentó
mayor uso eficiente del agua y menor
discriminación del
13
C bajo
condiciones de
déficit hídrico.
En
el caso de
Rainbow
bajo déficit hídrico,
disminuyó
el contenido de azúcares solubles pero incrementó
los contenidos del aminoácido glutamina y el
sodio.
En
Illpa los contenidos de
azúcares solubles
aumentaron junto con los niveles
de los aminoácidos arginina,
GABA, prolina y de los minerales sodio y potasio.
Además,
en las dos variedades
se produjo
disminución en
el contenido relativo
de
Rubisco.
Por lo tanto, en este
trabajo,
se puede demostrar cómo las dos
variedades
de quinua
emplean
diferentes
estrategias de tolerancia al déficit hídrico
que impiden la
disminución del rendimiento
y calidad del grano en condiciones de invernadero.The quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) crop and
its
consume have
increased in the last
years because
of its
nutritional
properties
and the ability to growth
under
adverse
conditions such as
drought. Climate change scenarios predict extended periods of
drought and the
searching for
new tolerant crops for these conditions have been
emphasized. The main goal of this work
was to evaluate
crop
yield
and quality
parameters and to characterize physiological parameters in two varieties of quinoa
grown
under water deficit
in greenhouse
conditions.
Two varieties of
quinoa from
Chile coast (Rainbow) and altiplano (Illpa)
were used
and then subject to water
deficit treatments,
control or 100%
substrate
holding capacity (CC), 50% CC and
20% CC
applied at
the
beginning
of fruit development. The
crop
yield and
quality
parameters,
root biomass, carbohydrates, aminoacids, mineral content
and
Rubisco
relative
content
were
carried out. There were no differences in yield and quality
parameters among treatments
but the root biomass was higher in plants under
severe water deficit
conditions compared to control. The physiological
parameters
decreased with the
enhanced
of
water
stress in two varieties, but the coast variety
showed higher water use efficiency and less discrimination of
13C under water deficit.
Also, the carbohydrates
level
was decreased
in the coast variety
but the glutamine
and
sodium content
increased in
leaves. In contrast, the altiplano variety increased
the carbohydrates, arginine, GABA, proline, sodium and potassium
levels
in leaves.
Moreover, the two varieties showed
a decreased
relative
content
of
Rubisco.
In
conclusion,
this work showed that two quinoa varieties use different strategies to
face
water deficit
stress which prevent
the decreased
of grain
yield and quality under
greenhouse conditions.Máster Universitario en Agrobiología AmbientalUnibertsitate Masterra Ingurumen Agrobiologia
Traffic restrictions during COVID-19 lockdown improve air quality and reduce metal biodeposition in tree leaves
Get PDFThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a great global impact on human health, the life of people, and economies all over the world. However, in general, COVID-19´s effect on air quality has been positive due to the restrictions on social and economic activity. This study aimed to assess the impact on air quality and metal deposition of actions taken to reduce mobility in 2020 in two different urban locations. For this purpose, we analysed air pollution (NO2, NO, NOx, SO2, CO, PM10, O3) and metal accumulation in leaves of Tilia cordata collected from April to September 2020 in two cities in northern Spain (Pamplona-PA and San Sebastián-SS). We compared their values with data from the previous year (2019) (in which there were no mobility restrictions) obtained under an identical experimental design. We found that metal accumulation was mostly lower during 2020 (compared with 2019), and lockdown caused significant reductions in urban air pollution. Nitrogen oxides decreased by 33%−44%, CO by 24%−38%, and PM10 by 16%−24%. The contents of traffic-related metals were significantly reduced in both studied cities. More specifically, significant decreases in metals related to tyre and brake wear (Zn, Fe, and Cu) and road dust resuspension (Al, Ti, Fe, Mn, and Ca) were observed. With these results, we conclude that the main reason for the improvement in urban air pollutants and metals was the reduction in the use of cars due to COVID-19 lockdown. In addition, we offer some evidence indicating the suitability of T. cordata leaves as a tool for biomonitoring metal accumulation. This information is relevant for future use by the scientific community and policy makers to implement measures to reduce traffic air pollution in urban areas and to improve environmental and human health.This research was funded by the UPV/EHU-GV IT-1018-16 program (Basque Government)
