Lausanne Peace Treaty - the Turkish- Romanian Joint Arbitration Court Case Study: Nikola Kalfa’s Case

The aim of this study are the relationships between Turkey and Romania, states with strong political, economic and socio-cultural ties, deeply rooted in history. Romania, which remained under the administration of the Ottoman State for several centuries, gained its independence after the Russo- Ottoman War of 1877-1878. Achieving its independence did not cause hostility between the two states, but Turkey-Romania relations were discontinued during World War I, when Romania joined the Allied Powers / Entente. Although relations between the two states cooled in 1916, they re-established in 1922. The new relations between the two states expressed not only good intentions and principles of assistance, but were based on a fair and solid basis of cooperation. After 1923, when the Lausanne Peace Treaty was signed, relations between Turkey and Romania headed a different direction. Lausanne Peace Traty established some joint courts, and one of them is the Joint Turkish-Romanian Arbitration Court, which aimed to reach solutions to old, contested issues between the two states, but also for issues between the state and its citizen. This paper is a novelty in the field, because so far not all aspects of legal and economic relations between the two states have been debated. Relationships between Romania and Turkey were restored after the First World War and the Lausanne Peace Treaty. The body of the study, based on Başkanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi (Directorate of the State Archives), BCA, and The National Archives of the United States, Washington deals with the functioning of joint courts, emphasizing the nature of the cases the courts deal with, and discusses in detail Nikola Kalfa's case, which was debated by the Turkish-Romanian Joint Arbitration Court. The final lines highlight the influences of the Lausanne Peace Treaty on social and economic relations between the two states, Romania and Turkey. The study, “Lausanne Peace Treaty and the Turkish-Romanian Joint Arbitration Court. Case Study: Nikola Kalfa’s Case” is useful for domain researchers, for students interesed in social history, economics, last but not least for studies in international property law. This study can be useful for master and doctoral students in the field of history, economics and law

Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth: Theory and Application

In this study, we examined the effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth. In economics, tacit and dispersed knowledge, public choice school, and principal–agent approaches provide a theoretical framework for this relationship. This study used both theoretical and empirical approaches. First, the fiscal decentralization–growth relationship was theoretically investigated and then the OECD countries were analyzed using panel data for the period 1995–2012. As a result, we found that different decentralization measurement criteria and different empirical methods have different effects on growt

TURKISH JOURNAL of ONCOLOGY A Study of Uro-oncology Patient Perceptions of Social Support and Hope Levels

OBJECTIVE The present study measured social support perceptions and hope levels of uro-oncology patients diagnosed with cancer and examined how they vary according to sociodemographic variables. METHODS Research was conducted on 143 uro-oncology patients in Konya, Turkey, using a sociodemographic information form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Hope Scale. RESULTS Patient mean multidimensional perceived social support score was quite high at 62.14±14.99, and mean hope level score was 20.62±4.50. Hope level score was significantly higher in male patients. It was also higher for patients with dependents and for patients who believed their cancer was treatable. Perceived social support levels of patients with dependents and patients who believed their cancer was treatable were also significantly higher. CONCLUSION Hope levels of uro-oncology patients are affected positively by high levels of perceived social support. Women, patients with dependents, and patients who develop a positive attitude toward their cancer treatment were more hopeful than others

Comparison of Diagnostic Performance of PI-RADS V2 and V2.1 and Interobserver Agreement in Both Versions

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancers and interobserver agreement between PI-RADS v2 and v2.1 Material and Method: The mpMRI images of 258 patients and 394 nodüles included in this retrospective study were obtained on 3T MR and evaluated by two radiologists according to PI-RADS v2 and v2.1. Sensitivity and specificity between v2 and v2.1 compared. Detection rates for clinically significant prostate cancers of upgraded and downgraded lesions in the use of v2.1 from v2 were assessed. Interobserver agreement was assessed using κ statistics. Results: PI-RADS v2.1 and v2 showed higher sensitivity and lower specificity (100%, 52.38%) in peripheral zone and showed higher sensitivity and specificity (92.86%, 98.79%) in transition zone for category ≥4 lesions in the detection of csPCa, not significantly difference was found between the two versions. Interobserver agreement was statistically significant and very weak in the transition zone (κ=0.383, κ=0.279, respectively), very strong in the peripheral zone (κ=0.869) according to both classifications and they were similar. Conclusion: The diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2 and v2.1 were found similar in detecting clinically significant cancers and all cancers in both zones. The clinically significant cancer detection rate in category 2+1 lesions in the transition zone was higher than in category 2 lesions but it wasn’t statistically significant. Interobserver agreement was low in the transition zone and very strong in the peripheral zone in both versions

Comparison of Post Biopsy Pathology and Post Radical Prostatectomy Pathology in Patients with Prostate Cancer Detected After Fusion Biopsy

Aims: To compare the post-radical prostatectomy (RP) final pathologies and post-biopsy pathologies of the patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) after fusion biopsy according to the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading system. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, data of 182 patients who underwent fusion biopsy and concomitant systematic biopsy between January 2020 and August 2022 was reviewed. All these patients were biopsy naive with PIRADS-3 lesions according to the multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) imaging. A total of 89 patients with PCa detected by biopsy were included in the study. Age, PSA, PSA density, and lesion grades according to PI-RADS were analysed. The post-biopsy (fusion and systematic biopsy) pathology results of 60 patients who underwent RP were compared with the final pathology results after RP. Results: Pathological results after fusion biopsy and RP were compared. The individual agreement between RP and fusion biopsy for each ISUP grade was moderate to almost excellent (0.558 to 0.848). When the overall agreement between RP and fusion biopsy was evaluated, the weighted kappa was calculated as 0.721 (95% CI: 0.577 to 0.865), which was determined as substantial significant agreement. On the other hand, the overall agreement between systematic biopsy and pathology results after RP was calculated as weighted kappa 0.544 (95% CI: 0.405 to 0.683) and this agreement was determined as moderate agreement. Conclusion: Our study showed that the concordance between the pathology result after fusion biopsy and the final pathology after RP was higher than the standard TRUS prostate biopsy. We think this compliance is crucial in the regulation and follow-up of the treatment of the patients

Reconciling the stratigraphy and depositional history of the Lycian orogen-top basins, SW Anatolia

Terrestrial fossil records from the SW Anatolian basins are crucial both for regional correlations and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. By reassessing biostratigraphic constraints and incorporating new fossil data, we calibrated and reconstructed the late Neogene and Quaternary palaeoenvironments within a regional palaeogeographical framework. The culmination of the Taurides in SW Anatolia was followed by a regional crustal extension from the late Tortonian onwards that created a broad array of NE-trending orogen-top basins with synchronic associations of alluvial fan, fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The terrestrial basins are superimposed on the upper Burdigalian marine units with a c. 7 myr of hiatus that corresponds to a shift from regional shortening to extension. The initial infill of these basins is documented by a transition from marginal alluvial fans and axial fluvial systems into central shallow-perennial lakes coinciding with a climatic shift from warm/humid to arid conditions. The basal alluvial fan deposits abound in fossil macro-mammals of an early Turolian (MN11–12; late Tortonian) age. The Pliocene epoch in the region was punctuated by subhumid/humid conditions resulting in a rise of local base levels and expansion of lakes as evidenced by marsh-swamp deposits containing diverse fossil mammal assemblages indicating late Ruscinian (late MN15; late Zanclean) age. A second pulse of extension, accompanied by regional climatic changes, prompted subsequent deepening of the lakes as manifested by thick and laterally extensive carbonate successions. These lakes, which prevailed c. 1 myr, later shrank due to renewed progradation of alluvial fans and eventually filled up and dried out, reflected by marsh-swamp deposits at the top of a complete lacustrine succession that contains diverse micro-mammal assemblages indicating a latest Villanyian (MN17; Gelasian) age. A third pulse of tectonic reorganisation and associated extension dissected the basins into their present-day configuration from the early Pleistocene onwards under warm/humid climatic conditions. The new age data provide means to correlate deposits across various basins in the region that help to place the basin development into a regional tectonic framework, which can be attributed to the consequence of the well-articulated regional phenomena of slab-tear/detachment-induced uplift followed by crustal extension and basin formation (late Tortonian), the outward extension of the Aegean arc (early Pliocene) and eventually accompanied by westward extrusion of the Anatolian Plate (early Pleistocene)

Reconciling the stratigraphy and depositional history of the Lycian orogen-top basins, SW Anatolia

Terrestrial fossil records from the SWAnatolian basins are crucial both for regional correlations and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. By reassessing biostratigraphic constraints and incorporating new fossil data, we calibrated and reconstructed the late Neogene andQuaternary palaeoenvironments within a regional palaeogeographical framework. The culmination of the Taurides inSWAnatolia was followed by a regional crustal extension from the late Tortonian onwards that created a broad array of NE-trending orogen-top basins with synchronic associations of alluvial fan, fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The terrestrial basins are superimposed on the upper Burdigalian marine units with a c. 7 myr of hiatus that corresponds to a shift from regional shortening to extension. The initial infill of these basins is documented by a transition from marginal alluvial fans and axial fluvial systems into central shallow-perennial lakes coinciding with a climatic shift from warm/humid to arid conditions. The basal alluvial fan deposits abound in fossil macro-mammals of an early Turolian (MN11–12; late Tortonian) age. The Pliocene epoch in the region was punctuated by subhumid/humid conditions resulting in a rise of local base levels and expansion of lakes as evidenced by marsh-swamp deposits containing diverse fossilmammal assemblages indicating late Ruscinian (lateMN15; late Zanclean) ageWe are grateful for the support of the international bilateral project between The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and The Russian Scientific Foundation (RFBR) with grant a number of 111Y192. M.C.A. is grateful to the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for a GEBIP (Young Scientist Award) grant. T.K. and S.M. are grateful to the Ege University Scientific Research Center for the TTM/002/2016 and TTM/001/2016 projects. M.C.A., H.A., S.M. and M.B. have obtained Martin and Temmick Fellowships at Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden). F.A.D. is supported by a Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Scientific Research Grant. T.A.N. is supported by an Alexander-von-Humboldt Scholarship. L.H.O. received support from TUBITAK under the 2221 program for visiting scientists

Trakya Umumi Müfettişliği'nin köycülük politikası

After the foundation of the Turkish Republic, the General Inspectorship was established in order to strengthen the administrative organization of the single-party government and provide the regional development. Five General Inspectorships were founded between the years of 1927-1952. The First, Third, Fourth and Fifth General Inspectorships were present in the east of Turkey. The Second one, also called the General Inspectorship of Thrace, was established to be active in the Thrace region. The General Inspectorship of Thrace was given the responsibility of providing the development in the fields of public works, housing, culture and agriculture.The General Inspectorship of Thrace was in the forefront of peasantism, a movement embracing the Republic in its early years. The highlights of peasant, peasantist and peasantism of the 1930s in Turkey found a field of application by means of The General Inspectorship of Thrace. The works the Insepectorship did in the villages of Thrace helped to develop the region.Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti kurulduktan sonra Tek parti hükümeti idari teşkilatını güçlendirmek ve bölgesel kalkınmayı sağlamak amacıyla Umumi Müfettişlik kurumunu oluşturmuştur. 1927-1952 yılları arasında beş adet Umumi Müfettişlik kurulmuştur. Birinci, Üçüncü, Dördüncü ve Beşinci Umumi Müfettişlikler, faaliyet alanı olarak Türkiye'nin doğusunu kapsamışlardır. İkinci yani diğer adıyla Trakya Umumi Müfettişliği ise, Trakya bölgesinde faaliyet göstermesi için kurulmuştur. Trakya Umumi Müfettişliği'ne, sorumlu olduğu bölgenin bayındırlık, iskan, sağlık, kültür ve tarım alanlarında gelişimini sağlama görevi verilmiştir.Trakya Umumi Müfettişliği, Cumhuriyet'in ilk yıllarında ülkeyi saran köycülük düşüncesinin Trakya'da bayraktarlığını yapmıştır. Türkiye'de 1930'lu yılların köy, köycü ve köycülük vurguları, Trakya Umumi Müfettişliği sayesinde uygulama alanı bulmuştur. Müfettişliğin Trakya köylerinde yaptığı çalışmalar, bölgenin çehresini değiştirmiştir