The aim of this study are the relationships between Turkey and Romania, states with strong
political, economic and socio-cultural ties, deeply rooted in history. Romania, which remained under
the administration of the Ottoman State for several centuries, gained its independence after the Russo-
Ottoman War of 1877-1878. Achieving its independence did not cause hostility between the two states,
but Turkey-Romania relations were discontinued during World War I, when Romania joined the Allied
Powers / Entente. Although relations between the two states cooled in 1916, they re-established in 1922.
The new relations between the two states expressed not only good intentions and principles of
assistance, but were based on a fair and solid basis of cooperation. After 1923, when the Lausanne
Peace Treaty was signed, relations between Turkey and Romania headed a different direction. Lausanne
Peace Traty established some joint courts, and one of them is the Joint Turkish-Romanian Arbitration
Court, which aimed to reach solutions to old, contested issues between the two states, but also for issues
between the state and its citizen. This paper is a novelty in the field, because so far not all aspects of
legal and economic relations between the two states have been debated. Relationships between
Romania and Turkey were restored after the First World War and the Lausanne Peace Treaty. The body
of the study, based on Başkanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi (Directorate of the State Archives), BCA, and The
National Archives of the United States, Washington deals with the functioning of joint courts,
emphasizing the nature of the cases the courts deal with, and discusses in detail Nikola Kalfa's case,
which was debated by the Turkish-Romanian Joint Arbitration Court. The final lines highlight the
influences of the Lausanne Peace Treaty on social and economic relations between the two states,
Romania and Turkey. The study, “Lausanne Peace Treaty and the Turkish-Romanian Joint
Arbitration Court. Case Study: Nikola Kalfa’s Case” is useful for domain researchers, for students interesed in social history, economics, last but not least for studies in international property law. This
study can be useful for master and doctoral students in the field of history, economics and law
