Ultra-bright and efficient single photon generation based on N-V centres in nanodiamonds on a solid immersion lens

Single photons are fundamental elements for quantum information technologies such as quantum cryptography, quantum information storage and optical quantum computing. Colour centres in diamond have proven to be stable single photon sources and thus essential components for reliable and integrated quantum information technology. A key requirement for such applications is a large photon flux and a high efficiency. Paying tribute to various attempts to maximise the single photon flux we show that collection efficiencies of photons from colour centres can be increased with a rather simple experimental setup. To do so we spin-coated nanodiamonds containing single nitrogen-vacancy colour centres on the flat surface of a ZrO2 solid immersion lens. We found stable single photon count rates of up to 853 kcts/s at saturation under continuous wave excitation while having excess to more than 100 defect centres with count rates from 400 kcts/s to 500 kcts/s. For a blinking defect centre we found count rates up to 2.4 Mcts/s for time intervals of several ten seconds. It seems to be a general feature that very high rates are accompanied by a blinking behaviour. The overall collection efficiency of our setup of up to 4.2% is the highest yet reported for N-V defect centres in diamond. Under pulsed excitation of a stable emitter of 10 MHz, 2.2% of all pulses caused a click on the detector adding to 221 kcts/s thus opening the way towards diamond based on-demand single photon sources for quantum applications

Scenario setup and forcing data for impact model evaluation and impact attribution within the third round of the Inter-Sectoral Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a)

This paper describes the rationale and the protocol of the first component of the third simulation round of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a, http://www.isimip.org, last access: 2 November 2023) and the associated set of climate-related and direct human forcing data (CRF and DHF, respectively). The observation-based climate-related forcings for the first time include high-resolution observational climate forcings derived by orographic downscaling, monthly to hourly coastal water levels, and wind fields associated with historical tropical cyclones. The DHFs include land use patterns, population densities, information about water and agricultural management, and fishing intensities. The ISIMIP3a impact model simulations driven by these observation-based climate-related and direct human forcings are designed to test to what degree the impact models can explain observed changes in natural and human systems. In a second set of ISIMIP3a experiments the participating impact models are forced by the same DHFs but a counterfactual set of atmospheric forcings and coastal water levels where observed trends have been removed. These experiments are designed to allow for the attribution of observed changes in natural, human, and managed systems to climate change, rising CH4 and CO2 concentrations, and sea level rise according to the definition of the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC AR6.</p

O ručnoj snazi i spretnosti male djece u otvaranju posuda s lijekovima i kemikalijama

The closures of drug and chemical vials are safe from misuse by children if the locking power or seals has to exceed the manual traction and torsion power of a child\u27s hand and if the sealing device has to provide for trigger-points in distances large enough to exceed the spread of a child\u27s hands. The authors have conducted tests in 2-12 children to establish their manual traction and torsion power. The results are given in tables. The maximal traction and holding power of children 2-5 years old on knob or disc-shaped handles of 4-30 mm diameter were 1-3,5 Kp and approximate maximum of the angular momentum on handles between 2-68 mm were 20-100 mp.Zapori na bocama, bočicama, cjevčicama i drugim posudama i posudicama koje sadrže lijekove i kemikalije sigurni su od dječje zloupotrebe i otvaranja samo onda ako je za njihovo otvaranje potrebna jača snaga u dječjim rukama nego što je snaga kojom se ti zapori zatvaraju odnosno, ako je zaporna naprava tako usklađena da su otponske točke udaljenije nego što iznosi udaljenost maksimalno raširenih prstiju dječje ruke. Autori su podvrgli testiranju 242 djece da utvrde vlak njihovih ruku i snagu zakretanja. Rezultati su prikazani u tablicama. Najveći vlak i snaga djece od 2 do 5 godina na okrug-li zaporac ili zaporac u obliku diska promjera 4-30 mm bila je 1-3,5 Kp, a prosječni maksimum kutnog- zakretanja zaporaca između 2-68 mm bio je 20-100 m

Electronic structure and local geometry of Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]⋅2H2O\mathrm{Na_2[Fe(CN)_5NO]·2H_2O} single crystals investigated by polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Photoabsorption spectra for sodium nitroprusside and potassium ferricyanide single crystals at and above the Fe K-edge are reported. Both, near edge structure (XANES) and the extended fine structure (EXAFS) exhibit a strong dependence on the angle between the polarization vector of the radiation and the orientation of the single crystals. The XANES results allow a determination of the unoccupied electronic states of these materials. The EXAFS data yield distances Fe-C (FeCN), Fe-N (FeNO), Fe-C (FeCN) of 1.93, 1.63, 1.93 Å for $Na_2[Fe(CN)_5 NO]·2H_2O$ and $K_3[Fe(CN)_6]$, respectively. The second shell of neighbours is found to contribute extraordinarily strong to the EXAFS oscillations

Electronic structure and local geometry of Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]⋅2H2O\mathrm{Na_2[Fe(CN)_5NO]·2H_2O} single crystals investigated by polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Photoabsorption spectra for sodium nitroprusside and potassium ferricyanide single crystals at and above the Fe K-edge are reported. Both, near edge structure (XANES) and the extended fine structure (EXAFS) exhibit a strong dependence on the angle between the polarization vector of the radiation and the orientation of the single crystals. The XANES results allow a determination of the unoccupied electronic states of these materials. The EXAFS data yield distances Fe-C (FeCN), Fe-N (FeNO), Fe-C (FeCN) of 1.93, 1.63, 1.93 Å for $Na_2[Fe(CN)_5 NO]·2H_2O$ and $K_3[Fe(CN)_6]$, respectively. The second shell of neighbours is found to contribute extraordinarily strong to the EXAFS oscillations