Intuitionistic Fuzzy Dot BCK/BCI - Algebras

In this paper we apply the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy set to dot BCK-sub algebra. The notion of an intuitionistic fuzzy dot BCK-sub algebra is introduced and some interesting properties are investigated. Then we study the homomorphism between intuitionistic fuzzy dot BCK- subalgebras

Study on drug use pattern in the management of the cardiovascular diseases and with comorbidities

Background: Cardiovascular drugs are the number one cause of death globally; more people die annually from CVDs then from any other cause CVD. The purpose of this study to identify the rationality of drug prescribed for cardiovascular diseases with its comorbidities. Along with medication adherence and cost analysis. To assess the drug use pattern and to observe the drug related complications in patients with cardiovascular diseases.Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted at department of medicine in RMMCH. A total of 79 patients were enrolled based on inclusion criteria and the data was collected using designed data collection form.Results: Data of 79 patients were collected over 6 months mean age of patients with 19.95-60.5. Male to female ratio was 1.43:1. In cardiovascular diseases, most common disease conditions are systemic hypertension and acute coronary syndrome seen in our study population. Average drugs prescribed per patient was 4-9. Most frequently prescribed drug classes were beta blocker, antiplatelet, hypolipidemic agent. In these few minor drug interactions have been found. Study has no adverse drug reaction. The average cost of drugs was prescribed for 2500-3200 IND. Before patient counseling medication adherence and outcomes were less after counseling, medication adherence and outcomes are increased from 5% to 65%.Conclusions: The study concludes that most of the drugs were prescribed rationally according to world health organization/ESC guidelines. As behalf of this study, we could provide the information about the risk factor, leading commodities. Importance of medication adherence and cost of medications to cardiovascular drugs

Morin, A Flavonoid, On Lipid Peroxidation And Antioxidant Status In Experimental Myocardial Ischemic Rats

Background: Myocardial infarction affects a large population in the world. Lipid peroxide metabolism plays an important role in the pathology of myocardial infarction. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant potential of morin, a flavonoid in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI), in rats.Materials and Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were pre-treated with morin (40 mg/kg), daily for a period of 30 days. After the treatment period, ISO (85 mg/kg), was subcutaneously injected in rats at an interval of 24 h for 2days.Re s u l t s : ISO-administered rats showed elevated levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydro-peroxide (LOOH), in plasma and heart. Pretreatment with morin, the above changes were significantly reduced to near normal level. ISOadministered rats showed decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in heart. In addition, decrease the levels non enzymatic antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E in plasma and heart while ceruloplasmin in plasma.Conclusion: Pretreatment with morin, reversed these above biochemical changes towards normalcy. These findings revealed that, the morin possess antioxidant activity in experimentally induced cardiac toxicity.Key words: Morin, Isoproterenol, Myocardial infarction, Lipid peroxidation, Antioxidant

Influence of Cardiospermum halicacabum leaf extract on membrane-bound ATPases in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: Cardiospermum halicacabum L. proved to have anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, antiglycation, analgesic and antipyretic activities. It also has been used in Ayurveda and folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, fever and earache.Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Cardiospermum halicacabum leaf extract (CHE) on membrane-bound ATPases in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by intraperitonial administration of STZ (40 mg/kg BW). CHE (200 mg/kg BW) or glibenclamide (600 μg/kg BW) was administered orally once daily for 45 days to normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats.Results: The activities of membrane-bound ATPases such as total ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were significantly decreased in erythrocytes and tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of CHE to diabetic rats significantly increased the activities of these enzymes towards near normalcy.Conclusions: Thus, the present study indicates that the beneficial role of membrane-bound ATPases in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic properties of CHE could be helpful to maintain the activities of membrane-bound ATPases in STZ-induced diabetic rats showing the membrane stabilizing property of extract.Keywords: Streptozotocin, blood glucose, diabetes, membrane-bound ATPases, Cardiospermum halicacabu

Return and Volatility Spillovers of Asian Pacific Stock Markets’ Energy Indices

The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of volatility among the Energy Indices of Asia Pacific Stock Markets. To test the volatility among the daily returns of Energy Indices of Asia Pacific Stock Markets, the study selected five sample Asian Pacific stock markets’ Energy Indices on the basis of availability of data. The findings of descriptive statistics and the ADF Test revealed, that the daily returns of the sample energy indices of Asian Pacific stock markets were not normally distributed and achieved stationarity at level difference, over the research period. Hence the data may be used for additional analysis. The data were then analysed, by using the GARCH (1,1) model to assess the considerable volatility of daily returns of sample energy indices and the study, which revealed that during the study period, all of the sample energy indices were volatile

Steroids Up-Regulate p66Shc Longevity Protein in Growth Regulation by Inhibiting Its Ubiquitination

p66Shc, an isoform of Shc adaptor proteins, mediates diverse signals, including cellular stress and mouse longevity. p66Shc protein level is elevated in several carcinomas and steroid-treated human cancer cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that p66Shc plays a critical role in steroid-related carcinogenesis, and steroids play a role in its elevated levels in those cells without known mechanism.In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which steroid hormones up-regulate p66Shc protein level. In steroid-treated human prostate and ovarian cancer cells, p66Shc protein levels were elevated, correlating with increased cell proliferation. These steroid effects on p66Shc protein and cell growth were competed out by the respective antagonist. Further, actinomycin D and cyclohexamide could only partially block the elevated p66Shc protein level by steroids. Treatment with proteasomal inhibitors, but not lysosomal protease inhibitor, resulted in elevated p66Shc protein levels, even higher than that by steroids. Using prostate cancer cells as a model, immunoprecipitation revealed that androgens and proteasomal inhibitors reduce the ubiquitinated p66Shc proteins.The data collectively indicate that functional steroid receptors are required in steroid up-regulation of p66Shc protein levels in prostate and ovarian cancer cells, correlating with cell proliferation. In these steroid-treated cells, elevated p66Shc protein level is apparently in part due to inhibiting its ubiquitination. The results may lead to an impact on advanced cancer therapy via the regulation of p66Shc protein by up-regulating its ubiquitination pathway

Management of cutaneous metastases using electrochemotherapy

Background. Cutaneous metastases may cause considerable discomfort as a consequence of ulceration, oozing, bleeding and pain. Electrochemotherapy has proven to be highly effective in the treatment of cutaneous metastases. Electrochemotherapy utilises pulses of electricity to increase the permeability of the cell membrane and thereby augment the effect of chemotherapy. For the drug bleomycin, the effect is enhanced several hundred-fold, enabling once-only treatment. The primary endpoint of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of electrochemotherapy as a palliative treatment. Methods. This phase II study is a collaboration between two centres, one in Denmark and the other in the UK. Patients with cutaneous metastases of any histology were included. Bleomycin was administered intratumourally or intravenously followed by application of electric pulses to the tumour site. Results. Fifty-two patients were included. Complete and partial response rate was 68% and 18%, respectively, for cutaneous metastases <3 cm and 8% and 23%, respectively, for cutaneous metastases >3 cm. Treatment was well-tolerated by patients, including the elderly, and no serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions. ECT is an efficient and safe treatment and clinicians should not hesitate to use it even in the elderly