Monogenic Diabetes due to ABCC8/KCNJ11 Mutation: Case Study and Review of Literature

Monogenic diabetes arises due to mutation in a single-gene and is recognized by their striking familial inheritance pattern. This form of diabetes is inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive fashion, unlike polygenic Type 1 (autoimmune) or type 2 diabetes caused by the combined action of more than one gene [1-11]. Monogenic diabetes is classified into three main groups: Neonatal diabetes mostly presents in the first six months of birth, maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and maternally inherited mitochondrial diabetes. These mutations run in the family and have a predictable course. Most of the monogenic diabetes is treated with oral medications like sulfonylurea rather than insulin. ABCC8/KCNJ11 gene mutations also cause monogenic diabetes. This gene mutation has been found in ~50% of congenital hyperinsulinemia (CHI) patients. In such cases diabetes commonly presents in the neonatal period (transient or permanent) or at adolescence / early adulthood [1]. We present a 58-year-old diabetic lady, who was detected with ABCC8 mutation during the cascade testing [8]. She was diagnosed with diabetes at the age of 12 [8]. Her son had history of neonatal hypoglycaemia and developed diabetes at the age of 15. He was the index case who was found to have ABCC8 mutation. The family has several other members diagnosed with diabetes. The aim of the article is to increase awareness and understanding of monogenic diabetes among the medical practitioners in adult population with diabetes so that the genetic testing can be offered in a cost effective manner

The influence of common risk factors for the patient with attempted suicide hospitalized at the teaching hospital, Batticaloa

Suicidal behavior has increased since the onset of the global recession, a trend that may have long-term health and social implications. A high suicide rate in any society is an index of social disorganization and the awareness of the seriousness of suicide in our society would not be overlooked. Aim of this study was to assess the common risk factors for the patients with attempted suicide hospitalized at the Teaching Hospital, Batticaloa. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted using semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire involving a convenience sampling of 100 suicidal attempters. Of the respondents, conflict with others was the most common risk factor (75%) for attempted suicide with significant associations with educational status, marital status and age range (P < 0.05). Other risk factors such as social and emotional related issues, financial related problems, and health related problems were found 13%, 6% and 6% respectively. Frequent mode of attempting suicide was with Yellow Oleander poisoning (30%). Effective suicide preventive and control measures need to be taken in the form of early identification of suicide-prone individuals. Prevention efforts should focus on planned attempts because of the rapid onset and unpredictability of unplanned attempts

Development of a New RP-UPLC Method for the Determination of Rabeprazole Sodium in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Application in Dissolution Studies

Purpose: To develop a reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method for the estimation of rabeprazole sodium in tablet formulations.Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Acquity BEH C18 (50 x 2.1 mm, particle size 1.7 &mu;m) column using an isocratic method with mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) in the ratio of 35:65 (v/v). The flow rate was 0.4 ml/min, temperature of the column was maintained at ambient, injection volume was 5 &mu;L and detection was made at 280 nm. The run time was as short as 2 min. Comparison of system performance with conventional HPLC was made with respect to analysis time, efficiency and sensitivity.Results: The developed method was linear for rabeprazole sodium from 0.03 - 30 &mu;g/ml and the linear regression obtained was &gt; 0.999. Precision, evaluated by intra- and inter-day assay,s had relative standard deviation (R.S.D) values within 1.5 %. Recovery data were in the range 98.0 - 101.5 % with R.S.D. values &lt; 1.5 %.Conclusion: The method is precise, accurate, linear, robust and fast. The short retention time of 1.49 min allows the analysis of a large number of samples in a short period of time and, therefore, should be cost-effective for routine analysis in the pharmaceutical industry.Keywords: Ultra performance liquid chromatography, Assay, Rabeprazole sodium, Validatio

A Study of Somatic Status and Complications Among Female Diabetic Patients from Mysore Urban Area

In recent years, India has undergone rapid urbanization and socioeconomic development. Changes in time trends have resulted in erratic lifestyle, characterized by physical inactivity, unhealthy eating habits and resultant increase in obesity and diabetes. Diabetes is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in India and its prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate. Chronic complications of diabetes, especially coronary artery diseases and chronic renal diseases results in frequent hospitalization. The main aim of the investigation was to study the somatic status and diabetic complications among the female hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. A total of 80 female volunteers (40 hospitalized and 40 nonhospitalized) of a private hospital in Mysore, with known history of type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than 2 years, were recruited for the study. The tools were developed to collect information on personal history, demography, socioeconomic status, dietary habits and anthropometric measurements. Suitable statistical analysis was applied to the data. The resultsprojected that majority of the patients were hospitalized on an average of at least three times a year. More than 90% of the subjects exhibited blood sugar &gt;300 mg on admission. The reason for high morbidity status included poor dietary habits and erratic lifestyle practices among the female hospitalized patients as compared to non-hospitalized patients. Adapting a healthy lifestyle and maintenance of normal blood sugar level can reduce the incidence of complications and hospitalization among the subjects

A Study of Somatic Status and Complications Among Female Diabetic Patients from Mysore Urban Area

In recent years, India has undergone rapid urbanization and socioeconomic development. Changes in time trends have resulted in erratic lifestyle, characterized by physical inactivity, unhealthy eating habits and resultant increase in obesity and diabetes. Diabetes is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in India and its prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate. Chronic complications of diabetes, especially coronary artery diseases and chronic renal diseases results in frequenthospitalization. The main aim of the investigation was to study the somatic status and diabetic complications among the female hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. A total of 80 female volunteers (40 hospitalized and 40 non-hospitalized) of a private hospital in Mysore, with known history of type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than 2 years, were recruited for the study. The tools were developed to collect information on personal history, demography, socioeconomic status, dietary habits and anthropometric measurements. Suitable statistical analysis was applied to the data. The results projected that majority of the patients were hospitalized on an average of at least three times a year. More than 90% of the subjects exhibited blood sugar &gt;300 mg on admission. The reason for high morbidity status included poor dietary habits and erratic lifestyle practices among the female hospitalized patients as compared to non-hospitalized patients. Adapting a healthy lifestyle and maintenance of normal blood sugar level can reduce the incidence of complications and hospitalization among the subjects

4-(4-Meth­oxy­phen­yl)naphtho­[2,3-b]thio­phene

In the title compound, C19H14OS, the naphtho­thio­phene moiety is almost planar except for the S atom of the five-membered ring, which is situated 0.047 (6) Å out of the C4 plane (with an r.m.s. deviation of fitted atoms = 0.0009 Å). The dihedral angle between the naphtho­thio­phene plane and the attached meth­oxy­phenyl ring is 67.6 (2)°. In the crystal, a C—H⋯π inter­action is observed between a meth­oxy­phenyl C—H group and the outer benzene ring of the naphtho­thio­phene moiety. The five-membered ring of the naphtho­thio­phene moiety is disordered, with the S and opposite non-fused C atom approximately exchanging positions, with a site-occupancy factors of 0.808 (3) and 0.187 (3)

Physicochemical analysis of initial adhesion and biofilm formation of Methanosarcina barkeri on polymer support material.

The retention of selective biofilms of Methanosarcina species within anaerobic digesters could reduce start-up times and enhance the efficiency of the process in treating high-strength domestic sewage. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of the surface characteristics of six common polymer support materials on the initial adhesion of the model methanogen, Methanosarcina barkeri, and to assess the potential of these support materials as selective biofilm carriers. Results from both the initial adhesion tests and extended DLVO (xDLVO) model correlated with each other, with PVC (12% surface coverage/mm(2)), PTFE (6% surface coverage/mm(2)), and PP (6% surface coverage/mm(2)), shown to be the better performing support materials for initial adhesion, as well as subsequent biofilm formation by M. barkeri after 72h. Experimental results of these three support materials showed that the type of material strongly influenced the extent of adhesion from M. barkeri (p<0.0001), and the xDLVO model was able to explain the results in these environmental conditions. Therefore, DLVO physicochemical forces were found to be influential on the initial adhesion of M. barkeri. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from M. barkeri could facilitate further biofilm development. This study highlights the potential of using the xDLVO model to rapidly identify suitable materials for the selective adhesion of M. barkeri, which could be beneficial in both the start-up and long-term phases of anaerobic digestion

Modelling of Flow in an Unsaturated Zone of A Tank Clustered Catchment

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Results of exploratory trawl fishing on the continental slope of the south west coast of India by M.F.V. 'Kalava'

So far, extensive deep sea trawling, in waters beyond 100 fathom depths, has not been attempted in Indian waters except for occasional hauls taken by the INVESTIGATOR (Alcock, 1891-1900) and other Expedition vessels (Gunther, 1887, Max Weber, 1913. Norman, 1939). During March-May 1963 M.F.V. 'Kalava' of the Indo-Norwegian Project, carried out 9 exploratory cruises off Alleppey and Ponnani on the South West Coast of India at depths ranging between 150 to 205 fathoms (274-374 m.). Large quantities of bathypelagic fish were taken during these cruises, in areas on the continental slope (Fig. 1). 24 species belonging to 23 genera and 19 families have already been described by Tholasilingam et al. (1964). Nearly 82% of the catch was represented by about 11 bathypelagic species taken at the rate of up to 496 kg. per hour of trawl, in the richest grounds. Since such occurrence has not been recorded so far, a quantitative assessment of these bathypelagic fishes along with deep sea prawns, lobsters and squids, has been given in the following pape