Hard Lessons: Guiding America’s Approach to Third Generation Wireless Policy

The publicity over license auctions in Europe during 2000 created an atmosphere in which the prices that companies paid for third-generation wireless licenses received more attention than their actual plans to implement the technology. As American policymakers and corporate boardrooms consider the future of this technology here in America, it is vital that we develop a coherent and well-designed allocation process and then quickly move on to meatier problems

Enhanced 911 Technology and Privacy Concerns: How Has the Balance Changed Since September 11?

E911 technology allows for the location of a cellular phone to be determined by the wireless service provider within several hundred feet. As a consequence, privacy groups have been extremely resistant to the implementation of E911. In the wake of the September 11 tragedies, however, the balance between privacy concerns and national security seems to have changed for many American citizens. This iBrief will explore the nature of the E911 technology, the FCC implementation requirements, the concerns of privacy groups regarding its implementation, and how the environment surrounding E911 has changed since September 11

Altering sweet potato starch functionality by amino acids and pH treatments

The sweet potato is a vegetable containing high levels of different vitamins and minerals, needed to protect the body against disease. This study focused on starch found in the Beauregard and Evangeline sweet potatoes and observed the effect of pH and amino acid additives altering the functionality of starch. These modifications of the Beauregard and Evangeline sweet potato starches will also be done to determine if an increase in resistant starch and slowly digestible starch is found. Beauregard and Evangeline starches had similar gelatinization temperature and the two starches required the same amount of energy to gelatinize. In Freeze-dried Beauregard starch, peak temperature decreased with pH treatments and pH10 decreasing peak temperature to 68.7°C. Histidine at pH10 decreased peak temperature to 69.7°C. In Evangeline freeze-dried starch, histidine significantly decreased peak temperature, especially at pH10 for one hour (73.17°C) compared to native. In Beauregard oven-dried starch, the control significantly lowered peak temperature compared to the native. pH3 and 10 were significant in lowering peak temperature of the starch. Lysine and histidine were significant amino acids in decreasing peak temperature. In Evangeline oven-dried starch, histidine at pH3 and pH10 were significant for decreasing peak temperature compared to the native starch. Positively charge amino acids along with pH treatments caused significant alterations in pasting properties of both Beauregard and Evangeline sweet potato starches. Oven-dried starch was more responsive to changes in pasting characteristics than freeze-dried sweet potato starch. Evangeline oven-dried sweet potato starch, histidine lowered breakdown and with the addition of pH10 treatment breakdown decreased even further, increasing its stability to shear during cooking. There was a trend towards increased RS with amino acids added at pH3 or pH10 versus pH3 or pH10 alone, especially for lysine and histidine. Freeze-dried Beauregard starch SDS showed large increases with pH3 for 1 hour and lysine and histidine at pH3 for 1 hour. SDS content increased in oven-dried Beauregard starch the most with arginine at pH3. Freeze-dried Evangeline starch SDS content increased the greatest with histidine at pH3. SDS content increased the greatest with lysine at pH3 for oven-dried Evangeline starch

OBSERVATIONS OF ANTICYCLONES IN HAWAI‘I USING SURFACE DRIFTERS

Ph.D

Variability and Stability of 13 to 19 Month Olds Infants\u27 Gait Affect by Wet and Dry Diaper and Underwear

Research has been conducted on the effect of diaper perturbation versus unclothed on gait, but there is little research on different diaper perturbations on gait. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine how physical perturbations (dry and wet diaper and underwear) affected 13 to 19 month old infant’s gait. METHODS: Sixty infants (13-19 month old) were recruited for the study. Five trials for 3 conditions (dry and wet diaper and underwear) were conducted on a GaitRite walkway. Step length (m/step), cadence (steps/s), support base (m) and stance time (sec) were analyzed. A mixed model with repeated measures along with Tukey post hoc test and the Cohen d was used to examine the effect size. RESULTS: For stance time, there was a significant difference between the 13 month old infants with underwear (0.3874±0.0109) and 19 month old infants in wet diaper (0.2761±0.0102). For step length, significant main effect was found for age between 13 month old infants (23.511±.26) and 19 month old infants (31.849±.2432). For support base, significant main effect was found for age between 13 months (12.508±.1732) and 19 months (9.682±.1621) and conditions within the underwear (9.991±.1554) dry diaper (10.618±.1554), and wet diaper (11.245±.1554). For cadence, significant main effect was found for age between 13 months (194.2±3.4988) and 19 months (299.1±3.2728) and conditions within the dry diaper (217.29±2.4255) and underwear (208.08±2.4255). CONCLUSION: It is important to understand the affects perturbation has on infant gait to better equip the infant with diapers that do not affect their natural balance

Salmon P. Chase and Civil War Politics in Florida

When Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase was seeking the 1864 Republican presidential nomination, he endeavored to build political fences wherever fortune beckoned. One such state was Florida

An Examination of Georgia Middle School Teachers\u27 and Principals\u27 Beliefs about the NCTM Standards, Factors Influencing the Change Process, and the Role of Identified Principals during the Mathematics Reform Effort in Georgia

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) recommended that schools implement its Standards because they believed that the Standards improved students\u27 mathematical ability. Every mathematics teacher in the state of Georgia had the opportunity to attend or be a part of a workshop, conference, or project involving suggestions for implementing the Standards in the classroom The problem for Georgia educators was to determine if these Standards were being perceived by principals and teachers, the key change agents, as having merit enough to change their views of how mathematics should be taught. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine Georgia middle school principals\u27 and teachers\u27 beliefs about the NCTM Standards and to investigate the process that took place in identified schools making changes in mathematics curriculum and instruction related to the NCTM Standards. The study involved the use of two survey instruments, the Standards Belief Instrument (SBI) and the Foley Change Questionnaire (FCQ). The SBI was sent to the total population of 275 Georgia middle schools with a 66% return rate. The FCQ was sent to schools identified by experts in the mathematics field. Fifteen schools participated in the questionnaire with a 100% return rate from teachers and an 80% return rate from the administrators. The results of the study relative to the research questions indicated some noteworthy findings. The principals and teachers overwhelming agreed with each other with regard to the NCTM Standard items on the SBI. Principals and teachers agreed with each other on 13 of the 16 items. The different grade-level teachers also agreed with each other on the items. The principals and teachers disagreed with the NCTM Standards on 5 of the items. When examining the mathematics reform effort in Georgia, it was found all the initiatives were done at the system level

Deutsche Telekom and Voicestream Merger: Charting a New Regulatory Course

On July 24, 2000, the German telecommunications giant Deutsche Telekom AG (Deutche Telekom) agreed to purchase the Bellvue, Washington based VoiceStream Wireless Corporation (VoiceStream) for over $50 billion. Although the merger may ultimately fall through, the response generated by the proposed merger indicates the future for deals between US and foreign-owned telecommunications companies. With the increasing globalization of the world\u27s telecommunications markets, the Deutche Telekom deal represents the first time that a company dominated by a foreign government has attempted to purchase an American corporation. The signatories of the Basic Telecommunications Agreement, an agreement among World Trade Organization (WTO) members to open their telecom markets to foreign competition, are closely watching the US response. The stance that the US government takes in reviewing this merger can be seen as a sign of things to come as the world\u27s single largest telecommunications market opens up to the world

Digital Television: Has the Revolution Stalled?

When digital television technology first hit the scene it garnered great excitement, with its promise of movie theater picture and sound on a fraction of the bandwidth of analog. A plan was implemented to transition from the current analog broadcasting system to a digital system effective December 23, 2006. As we reach the half point of this plan, the furor begins to die as the realities of the difficult change sink in