Acute Appendicitis after Liver Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common etiologies for acute abdomen. However, fewer than 30 cases of acute appendicitis after liver transplantation have so far been reported in the literature. Previous case studies have concluded that acute appendicitis after liver transplantation may present differently than in non-immunosuppressed patients and thus may lead to more complications. Herein, we describe the fourth case of laparoscopic appendectomy in a 40-year-old female presenting with an acute abdomen, 10 years after orthotopic liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis. Additionally, we review the literature, and emphasize the importance for laparoscopic, rather than open appendectomy after liver transplantation. Overall, despite the small number of reported cases of appendicitis after orthotopic liver transplantation, we found the incidence and clinical presentation are similar to patients without liver transplantation. The etiologies for appendicitis in patients after liver transplantation may be different than in those not chronically immunosuppressed, with significantly less lymphoid hyperplasia and increased fecalith and cytomegaloviral infections. Preliminary results showed that laparoscopic appendectomy after liver transplantation results in decreased hospital stays and fewer complications

The challenges faced by living stock collections in the USA

Citation: McCluskey, K., Boundy-Mills, K., Dye, G., Ehmke, E., Gunnell, G. F., Kiaris, H., . . . Grotewold, E. (2017). The challenges faced by living stock collections in the USA. Elife, 6, 8. doi:10.7554/eLife.24611Many discoveries in the life sciences have been made using material from living stock collections. These collections provide a uniform and stable supply of living organisms and related materials that enhance the reproducibility of research and minimize the need for repetitive calibration. While collections differ in many ways, they all require expertise in maintaining living organisms and good logistical systems for keeping track of stocks and fulfilling requests for specimens. Here, we review some of the contributions made by living stock collections to research across all branches of the tree of life, and outline the challenges they face

Growth rates of black soldier fly larvae fed on fresh human faeces and their implication for improving sanitation.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the capacity of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens) to convert fresh human faeces into larval biomass under different feeding regimes, and to determine how effective BSFL are as a means of human faecal waste management. METHODS: Black soldier fly larvae were fed fresh human faeces. The frequency of feeding, number of larvae and feeding ratio were altered to determine their effects on larval growth, prepupal weight, waste reduction, bioconversion and feed conversion rate (FCR). RESULTS: The larvae that were fed a single lump amount of faeces developed into significantly larger larvae and prepupae than those fed incrementally every 2 days; however, the development into pre-pupae took longer. The highest waste reduction was found in the group containing the most larvae, with no difference between feeding regimes. At an estimated 90% pupation rate, the highest bioconversion (16-22%) and lowest, most efficient FCR (2.0-3.3) occurred in groups that contained 10 and 100 larvae, when fed both the lump amount and incremental regime. CONCLUSION: The prepupal weight, bioconversion and FCR results surpass those from previous studies into BSFL management of swine, chicken manure and municipal organic waste. This suggests that the use of BSFL could provide a solution to the health problems associated with poor sanitation and inadequate human waste management in developing countries

Biodegradation of Pig Manure by the Housefly, Musca domestica: A Viable Ecological Strategy for Pig Manure Management

The technology for biodegradation of pig manure by using houseflies in a pilot plant capable of processing 500–700 kg of pig manure per week is described. A single adult cage loaded with 25,000 pupae produced 177.7±32.0 ml of eggs in a 15-day egg-collection period. With an inoculation ratio of 0.4–1.0 ml eggs/kg of manure, the amount of eggs produced by a single cage can suffice for the biodegradation of 178–444 kg of manure. Larval development varied among four different types of pig manure (centrifuged slurry, fresh manure, manure with sawdust, manure without sawdust). Larval survival ranged from 46.9±2.1%, in manure without sawdust, to 76.8±11.9% in centrifuged slurry. Larval development took 6–11 days, depending on the manure type. Processing of 1 kg of wet manure produced 43.9–74.3 g of housefly pupae and the weight of the residue after biodegradation decreased to 0.18–0.65 kg, with marked differences among manure types. Recommendations for the operation of industrial-scale biodegradation facilities are presented and discussed

Thermoeconomic analysis of environmental vapor power systems.

http://archive.org/details/thermoeconomican00she

The constitutional text-book: a practical and familiar exposition of the Constitution of the United States, and of portions of the public andadministrative law of the federal government. By Furman Sheppard.

328 p. incl. diagr. 19 cm

The constitutional text-book : a practical and familiar exposition of the Constitution of the United States, and of portions of the public and administrative law of the federal government : designed chiefly for the use of schools, academies, and colleges /

Includes index.Mode of access: Internet