成人看護学におけるディベート演習についての検討

本研究の目的は,成人看護学で行っているディベート演習が,学生のどのような学びにつながっているかを明らかにすることである。2005年度2年次学生の演習レポートについて分析を行った。学生は,ディベート演習において「多様な考え方の理解」,「自分の意見の変化」,「新しい意見の発見」について学び,ディベートに必要な能力について気づくことができた。また,ディベート演習を通して,自己を振り返り,自身の傾向に気づき,今後の課題へとつなげていた。学生はディベート演習に対して肯定的な感想を持っていた。ディベート演習の今後の課題は,導入を丁寧に行うこと,円滑にディベートができるよう明確な設定を提示すること,丁寧なまとめをすることである。This study was conducted at Nayoro City College to clarify the learning outcomes of using debate in an Adult Nursing Care class. The theme of the debate was whether or not organ transplants should be carried out. Results from an opinion survey given to 2nd year nursing students in 2005 were analyzed. Results showed that a majority of students gained an increased awareness of the variety of others\u27opinions, the changeable nature of their own opinions, and the discovery of new opinions through debate. They also gained an increased understanding of the skills necessary for debate. Debate enabled them to reflect more effectively upon their own values and dispositions. Students voiced a favorable opinion of debate. This study clarifies a need for more careful introduction of debating processes and principles, clearer pre-debate instructions, and a more considered summary of debating results

Improving optical contact for functional near‑infrared brain spectroscopy and imaging with brush optodes

A novel brush optode was designed and demonstrated to overcome poor optical contact with the scalp that can occur during functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and imaging due to light obstruction by hair. The brush optodes were implemented as an attachment to existing commercial flat-faced (conventional) fiber bundle optodes. The goal was that the brush optodes would thread through hair and improve optical contact on subjects with dense hair. Simulations and experiments were performed to assess the magnitude of these improvements. FNIRS measurements on 17 subjects with varying hair colors (blonde, brown, and black) and hair densities (0–2.96 hairs/mm2) were performed during a finger tapping protocol for both flat and brush optodes. In addition to reaching a study success rate of almost 100% when using the brush optode extensions, the measurement setup times were reduced by a factor of three. Furthermore, the brush optodes enabled improvements in the activation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by up to a factor of ten as well as significant (p < 0.05) increases in the detected area of activation (dAoA). The measured improvements in SNR were matched by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of photon propagation through scalp and hair. In addition, an analytical model was derived to mathematically estimate the observed light power losses due to different hair colors and hair densities. Interestingly, the derived analytical formula produced excellent estimates of the experimental data and MC simulation results despite several simplifying assumptions. The analytical model enables researchers to readily estimate the light power losses due to obstruction by hair for both flat-faced fiber bundles and individual fibers for a given subject

A study of trends among alumni of Nayoro City College Nursing Department

本研究の目的は,市立名寄短期大学看護学科卒業生の動向と卒業生が社会で果たしている役割を明らかにすることにより,今後の名寄市立大学のあり方やその果たす役割について検討することである。市立名寄短期大学看護学科卒業生1期生〜10期生(1997年〜2006年卒)約500人を調査対象とし,2006年に自記式質問紙による留め置き調査を実施した。回答が得られた123人(回収率24.9%)について分析した。その結果,卒業時には札幌の200床以上の病院に就業していた卒業生たちが調査時点では札幌から道内各地へと広がり,都市部のみならず広く地域の保健福祉医療に従事していることがわかった。また,名寄市を含む道北地域に従事する者も卒業時点より増加していること,とりわけ名寄市内に卒業時就業した者と,調査時点で就業している者の数が等しく,名寄市に就職した後市外に転職した卒業生がいる一方で,他の地域で就業した後に名寄市内に就業する者がいることがわかった。卒業生の看護実践力の自己評価は必ずしも高くはないが,修得したい看護実践内容や自己研鑽の意欲は高く,前向きな姿勢であることが明らかとなった。卒業生がそれぞれの職場で担っている役割や,卒業生が感じている看護職としての前進・進歩の促進要因および阻害要因を分析し,教育機関としてどのような情報提供や協力体制が必要であるかについて考察した。本研究により,卒業生を輩出した地方小都市に位置する教育機関がどのような支援をしたらよいのかが今後の課題となった。This paper reviews results of a survey undertaken to clarify post-graduation trends over a 10-year period among alumini of the Nayoro City College Nursing program. Around 500 questionnaires were mailed out to graduates. Of the 123 respondents, roughly 80% were either working or studying in nursing-related fields. Immediately after graduation, the largest number of respondents found employment in Sapporo, the major centre of Hokkaido, while at the time of this survey, working alumni were spread more evenly throughout the various regions of Hokkaido. Also at graduation, respondents tended to find employment at larger institutions (>200 beds) while this percentage had decreased at the time of this survey. The number of alumni working in Nayoro has remained constant over time with some graduates moving away and others returning. Alumni did not rate their nursing skills highly, although their desire to brush up and advance their careers was high. This study reveals that graduates of Nayoro City College Nursing Department are active throughout Hokkaido