Novak v. Commonwealth: Are Virginia Courts Providing Special Protection to Virginia\u27s Juvenile Defendants?

On March 9, 1991, Shawn Paul Novak was charged with the murder of two young boys, Daniel Grier, age nine, and Christopher Weaver, age seven. The boys had disappeared on March 4 and their bodies were found the next day after an extensive search. The police inquiry into the murders led to the questioning of a number of people, including Shawn, then age sixteen. Shawn was questioned on four separate occasions. At no time prior to, during, or after any of these questioning sessions was Shawn read his Mirandawarnings which specify the rights to which he was entitled under the Constitution. It was during the fifth and final interrogation session that Shawn finally confessed to the murders. After approximately thirty minutes of questioning, the detective persuaded Mrs. Novak to leave the interrogation room. He assured her that her son was not a suspect, but that he had sensitive areas that needed to be discussed which were in no way related to the murders. Almost two hours later, the Detective said, Shawn. You can talk to me. Don\u27t be afraid. Get it out. Don\u27t be afraid... You killed them, didn\u27t you? It was not until Shawn answered yes that the Detective read him his Miranda rights for the first time

The Role of the Bass Trombone in Haydn\u27s Die Schoepfung , Beethoven\u27s Ninth Symphony, and Brahms\u27s Fourth Symphony: a Tutorial Focusing on Historical Background and Preparation Suggestions.

For bass trombonists today, as with other instrumentalists, the preparation of orchestral excerpts for auditions forms a vital part of training for a professional career. While there is ample information available on tenor trombone orchestral excerpts, little detailed study has been devoted specifically to excerpts for the bass trombone. Although research on the bass trombone has increased since the 1940s, there is a great need for concentrated study in the area of orchestral preparation strategies and performance. The purpose of this monograph is to provide a tutorial for undergraduate bass trombonists in the preparation of three orchestral works, developing practice suggestions and guidelines that will facilitate mastery needed for successful performance. The excerpts to be studied are Haydn\u27s Die Schopfung (1797), Beethoven\u27s Symphony No. 9 in D minor (1824), and Brahms\u27s Symphony No. 4 in E minor (1884-1885). These compositions were chosen because they have significant melodic material and make considerable demands on the performer in terms of technique, range, and expression. The chapters on individual excerpts will each begin with a section on the historical background of the work. This section will survey when and where each piece was written, and describe the genre of the work and the compositional styles of the time period. A comparison of available scores and individual parts will also be conducted to check for misprints and discrepancies. This section will also determine, as precisely as possible, what type of instrument the work was originally written for. The next section of each chapter will focus on performing the excerpts. The aspects of performance to be discussed include tone quality and color, phrasing, articulation, technique, intonation, and dynamics. This section will also offer exercises for practice

Preliminary design of a mobile lunar power supply

A preliminary design for a Stirling isotope power system for use as a mobile lunar power supply is presented. Performance and mass of the components required for the system are estimated. These estimates are based on power requirements and the operating environment. Optimizations routines are used to determine minimum mass operational points. Shielding for the isotope system are given as a function of the allowed dose, distance from the source, and the time spent near the source. The technologies used in the power conversion and radiator systems are taken from ongoing research in the Civil Space Technology Initiative (CSTI) program

ERROR ANALYSIS OF PROPULSION SYSTEM PARAMETER EVALUATION FOR SATURN SA-1

Error analysis of propulsion system for saturn i - sa-1 booste

Ecology of the Squirrel Treefrog (Hyla squirella) in Southern Arkansas

We conducted an ecological study of the Squirrel Treefrog, Hyla squirella near El Dorado, Union Co., Arkansas from May-Oct. 2013. We extended the known distribution by ~2 km and documented the first breeding occurring on 28 May and the first transformation of juveniles on 27 Aug. Three endoparasites were documented: Opalina sp., Nyctotherus cordiformis, and Physaloptera sp. larvae. We also provide information on endoparasites of Florida H. squirella as well as a summary of helminths of this frog

Using existing natural resources conservation service flood control structures for potential water supply in Georgia

Proceedings of the 2009 Georgia Water Resources Conference, April 27, 28, and 29, 2009 Athens, Georgia.The Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission (GSWCC) is charged with coordinating the operation and maintenance of 357 USDA/Soil and Water Conservation District sponsored watershed dams in Georgia. A majority of these dams were built during a program that began in 1957 that encouraged the construction of watershed dams designed to serve as sediment traps and to provide flood protection for agricultural lands in what was once considered to be rural Georgia. Most of these watershed dams are maintained and operated by soil and water conservation districts. In a few cases, cities or counties have the responsibility to operate and maintain the structures. GSWCC, in coordination with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), completed a study by a private engineering firm to assemble data that established viability for municipal and industrial (M&I) water supply for an abbreviated list of 166 of the 357 watershed structures. This data included a preliminary analysis of yield potential of the watershed structures and associated stream, and dam proximity to existing surface water intake. Environmental issues included trout water, threatened and endangered species, wetlands impacted, streams impacted, and potential impacts to cultural resources. Ultimately 20 dams were selected for detailed water supply assessments. Each assessment included a detailed analysis of yield potential for the structures to include use as pump storage facility, an estimate of current and future water demand based on population projections, and the identity and quantity of environmental issues. Detailed cost estimates addressed construction costs, costs associated with the mitigation of environmental impacts and costs for land rights required to secure ownership of these dams.Sponsored by: Georgia Environmental Protection Division U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Water Science Center U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Water Resources Institute The University of Georgia, Water Resources FacultyThis book was published by Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2152. The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of The University of Georgia, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Water Research Institute as authorized by the Water Research Institutes Authorization Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-307) or the other conference sponsors

Alcohol Motor Fuels

The proposal to encourage the use of power alcohol made from farm crops grown in the Continental United States, as an aid to agriculture, is not new. Since the last consideration, something more than ten years ago, anhydrous ethyl alcohol has become commercially available. This development makes it feasible to use alcohol-gasoline mixtures. The power alcohol project is thus placed upon a new basis and is worthy of a new consideration

NMR Chemical Shifts of Trace Impurities: Common Laboratory Solvents, Organics, and Gases in Deuterated Solvents Relevant to the Organometallic Chemist

Tables of ^1H and ^(13)C NMR chemical shifts have been compiled for common organic compounds often used as reagents or found as products or contaminants in deuterated organic solvents. Building upon the work of Gottlieb, Kotlyar, and Nudelman in the Journal of Organic Chemistry, signals for common impurities are now reported in additional NMR solvents (tetrahydrofuran-d_8, toluene-d_8, dichloromethane-d_2, chlorobenzene-d_5, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol-d_3) which are frequently used in organometallic laboratories. Chemical shifts for other organics which are often used as reagents or internal standards or are found as products in organometallic chemistry are also reported for all the listed solvents

The Production of Propionic Acid from Pentoses by Propionibacterium pentosaceum

Propionibacterium pentosaceum attacks pentoses (xylose, arabinose) with the production of propionic and acetic acids