The Admissibility of Differential Diagnosis Testimony to Prove Causation in Toxic Tort Cases: The Interplay of Adjective and Substantive Law

This article uses the differential diagnosis opinions to explore a pair of interrelationships. The basic causal framework employed by most courts in toxic tort cases is presented. A key to understanding the developing case law in this area is to appreciate the degree to which the courts have adopted the interpretive conventions of science in assessing admissibility

Oral History Interview: Ivory Fulks

These are a part of a series of interviews which Diana Parnicza conducted in the course of her project concerning Appalachian caregivers. Ivory Fulks (referred to in the interview as Caregiver #16) discusses: her family, including a series of true/false questions about her family; her own health; detailed information about taking care of her husband; and other topics.https://mds.marshall.edu/oral_history/1368/thumbnail.jp

Dopamine Release and Uptake in Animal Models of Neurological Diseases

Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) can be utilized to detect neurotransmitter release and uptake in brain slices. When combining this technique with disease state animals models, information for therapeutic targets can be obtained. Herein, the evaluation of stimulated dopamine release and uptake in animal models was used in conjunction with pharmacological agents to assess neurological problems caused by Fragile X syndrome and chemotherapy. Fragile X Syndrome, a genetic form of mental retardation caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion, was investigated by combining behavioral analysis and FSCV to determine alterations in dopamine release, dopamine uptake, effects of amphetamine treatments, and the functionality of the D2 autoreceptor. Side effects of chemotherapy can include alteration in neurological function and were investigated by using FSCV to monitor for effect on dopamine release and uptake patterns in the striatum of rats being dosed with Carboplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug. Finally, instrumentation was established to use caged compounds to photo release glutamate while collecting FSCV data of dopamine release to evaluate instantaneous effects of glutamate on the dopamine system in brain slices

Oral History Interview: W. Hartley Fulks

This interview is one of a series concerning workers in various West Virginia industries and businesses. Mr. Fulks is a retired butcher and grocery man from Huntington, West Virginia. At the time of the interview he was living on Greasey Ridge in Ohio. Mr. Fulks talks about farming and his business.https://mds.marshall.edu/oral_history/1093/thumbnail.jp

Nutrient absorption and yield of corn and soybeans planted in three row arrangements

The effect of different row arrangements on nutrient absorption and yield of corn and soybeans was investigated in 1972 on a Sequatchie loam soil at the Plant Science Farm, Knoxville, Tennessee. Above ground plant samples taken at different times during the growing season were analyzed for their concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Generally the nutrient percentages in the above ground corn plants were high early in the season and decreased as the season progressed except for phosphorus which decreased until 77 days after planting, and then increased to day 110. After that time there was a decrease in percent phosphorus to the last sampling date. The nutrient percentages for all row arrangements followed the same pattern and generally no consistant trends were noted, except for the period from the tasseling to the ear filling stage of growth in the 12-24 inch row arrangement. The 12-24 inch row arrangement resulted in a higher percent of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium during the tasseling and ear filling stage of growth. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium accumulation in pounds per acre increased up to 110 days after planting and then decreased. In soybeans, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium percentages were high in the early stages of growth. Percent of nitrogen and phosphorus generally decreased for the first 73 to 81 days after planting and then increased slightly. The percent potassium decreased throughout the season, and calcium and magnesium decreased for the first 73 days after planting and then leveled off. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium accumulated in the above ground soybean plant throughout the season. The different row arrangements in corn produced significantly different yields. The 12-24 inch rows had the highest yields with the 12 inch rows next highest and the 36 inch rows the lowest. Irregular soybean plant distribution and a large percent of lodging occurred in the 12 inch and the 12-24 inch row arrangement. This reduced the yield in these treatments and may have accounted for there being no significant differences in yield among the row arrangements in soybeans

Mentoring: Attitudes and Perceptions of New Lawyers

Tennessee does not have a formal state-wide required mentoring program for Tennessee lawyers. Mentoring programs are available to Tennessee lawyers but no uniform standards exist. It has been suggested that providers of mentoring programs should develop strategies for improving and expanding mentoring experiences for new lawyers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate attitudes towards mentoring by Tennessee lawyers who are within their first 5 years of practice. The researcher sought to identify the perceptions of new lawyers regarding mentoring to better understand mentoring’s role within the legal profession. The methodology for this study was nonexperimental quantitative survey research. The survey instrument was an electronic questionnaire. The survey consisted of demographic questions and 17 items that were divided into 3 dimensions: Value of Mentoring, Access to Mentoring, and Structure of Mentoring. Demographic data consisted of gender, type of practice (private solo practice, small firms of 2-10 lawyers, large firms of 11 or more lawyers, government practice, or other) and years of experience (less than 1 year, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years of experience). Of the 1,433 possible participants, 287 (20.02%) responded to the survey. Nine research questions were addressed using ANOVA and independent-samples t tests. The significant finding in this study indicated female attorneys have a stronger preference for mentoring experiences and programs with greater structure (Structure of Mentoring dimension). The Value of Mentoring and Access to Mentoring dimension scores were not statistically significantly different in the demographics consisting of gender, type of practice (private solo practice, small firms of 2-10 lawyers, large firms of 11 or more lawyers, government practice, or other) or years of experience (less than 1 year, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years of experience)

Crickets Chirping Hallelujah: Mystery and Everyday Life in the Short Stories of Chekhov and O\u27Connor

How do we make life meaningful? Is there even space for “meaning” in our modern world which so distrusts the metaphysical? Though Flannery O’Connor and Anton Chekhov are not often set side by side, both are acutely concerned with the ways in which the tangible and spiritual lives of their characters intersect. Beginning from such universal experiences as love, suffering, and death, the two authors examine how individuals act in the world with respect to (or in ignorance of) the boundaries of physical reality. Beyond this threshold lies something mysterious, gotten at peripherally but never fully grasped – to come up against this knowledge allows the possibility of transcendence, of a vital awareness which imbues the insufficiencies of human life with some degree of fullness

Enterprise Software Licensing: New Options - New Obligations

Software licensing options for large enterprises are evolving almost as quickly as the mission-critical software solutions those companies deploy. In the past, most software licensing metrics were based on the software installation itself. Increasingly, software publishers are offer- ing more licensing options and flexibility to meet their customers\u27 software needs; however, that increased flexibility often results in complex software asset management ( SAM ) risks and obligations. Licensing models that once would have required custom agreements with unique protocols, if technologically feasible in the first place, now are offered alongside the traditional licenses in increasingly dense menus of choices for IT teams to weigh. Businesses must equip themselves to recognize the unique challenges that accompany various options in order to avoid unnecessary licensing exposure. The options available depend in large measure on the types of computers on which the software will reside. For workstations, many businesses that once relied on a one-license-per-installation model now are migrating to server-based installations accessed from terminals lacking hard drives (e.g., thin-client architectures) and to hosted software delivered through the cloud; each of these models presents unique infrastructure and licensing challenges. Server-based licensing options are complex, with many companies facing the prospect of having to determine license requirements using intricate calculations that depend on the processing capacity of the computer or on some other metric associated with a particular software product. Unsurprisingly, many companies are finding unique solutions to those challengesincluding the formation of captive IT services providers -but many of those solutions present their own sets of challenges and risks