Sediment traps from synthetic construction site stormwater runoff by grassed filter strip

Sediment trapping of the synthetic construction site stormwater runoff (SCSSR) by grassed filter strip (GFS) was studied in a laboratory flume with simulated GFS of different slopes and bed surface areas. The polynomial regression model of average rainfall density depended rainfall duration has been approved by Malaysian Storm Water Management Manual. Still the relationship between either storm-water runoff flow rate or sediment trapping efficiency and rainfall duration needs to be verified. This study proposes the use of the empirical equations to determine the SCSSR flow rate and to estimate the efficiency of the GFS models to trap sediment based on the rainfall duration. All the parameters in equations have physical meanings, and experimental data validation showed that the equations are suf-ficiently accurate. The stormwater runoff flow rate and efficiency of the GFS models were verified for the SCSSR originally coming from a construction site of Kuala Lumpur city. New approaches to investigate the hydrological behaviour of construction site are presented and have significant implications for the ability of stormwater flow to carry sediment

Understanding of mass transfer resistance for the adsorption of solute onto porous material from the modified mass transfer factor models

Mass transfer is important in separation and is essential for adsorption process. Mass transfer resistance controls the adsorption kinetic rate, but there is only limited understanding of the adsorption of a solute onto porous material from surface water. This study investigates the adsorptions of NH4þ and Al3+ onto granular activated carbon from surface water using the laboratory-scale plug flow column. The use of the modified mass transfer models is able to determine the resistance of mass transfer for the adsorption of one or more solutes present in surface water onto porous material. In this case study identified that the resistance of mass transfer is dependent on film mass transfer before and porous diffusion after break-through occurred. The research findings advance understanding of novel approach for investigating mass transfer resistance of solute onto porous material from waters

Fundamentals of mass transfer and kinetics for biosorption of oil and grease from agro-food industrial effluent by Serratia marcescens SA30

Fundamental studies of mass transfer and kinetics are essential for a detailed understanding of the characteristics and the mechanisms of biosorptions. In this study, the modified mass transfer factor models were used to assess the rates of global, external and internal mass transfer for the biosorption of oil and grease (O&G) from agro-food industrial effluent (AFIE) by Serratia marcescens SA30. Using a packed-bed column reactor to run the experiments at different O&G concentrations, this study finds that the global mass transfer rate increases exponentially accompanied with the sudden increase of the cell surface sorption. The influence of concentration on the external mass transfer is very remarkable due to the effects of driving force and biomass growth can lead to a rapid movement of O&G molecules from the bulk water to extracellular precipitation. The resistance to mass transfer could be dependent on intracellular accumulation at the beginning and then on film mass transfer at the final stage of biosorption of O&G by Serratia marcescens SA30. This study would provide a green and sustainable pathway for removing O&G from AFIE

ASSISTANCE OF QUALITY CONTROL OF YOGHURT PRODUCTION PROCESS

This Community Service activity aims to provide knowledge related to quality control aspects through assistance in quality control of the yogurt production process in the yogurt SME business actors Sukabirus, Megamendung-Bogor District. The marketing of yogurt is quite extensive while quality control does not yet exist, it is hoped that the quality of the products marketed is of good quality and can compete in the market. Assistance in quality control of final product analysis on pH parameters and brix degrees. Analysis of the data on the quality control of the final product using a simple Microsoft Excel analysis whose results are compared with the competitor's products and SNI. The results of this yogurt quality control assistance show that the pH value of the yogurt flavor variant in yogurt SMEs is around 3.5-3.8 and the brix degree value is 13.5%. Prior to the quality control assistance, yogurt SMEs did not know the quality of the products produced. After the assistance of quality control in the analysis of the final product, the yogurt produced meets SNI standards, there are no damaged products because the production of yogurt is adjusted to market demand, the yogurt produced is fresh and of good quality so that it can compete in the market. Keywords: Quality Control Assistance, yogurt SMEs.

Removal of nitrogen pollutant from domestic wastewater

Water as a medium for waste transport would be easily contaminated by human activities. Many methods have been proposed to treat contaminated water to protect human health and biodiversity (Z. Daud et al., 2017). Due to upgrade the existing wastewater treatment plant facilities, the typically advanced technologies have been proposed to remove many types of pollutant, effectively (Tchobanoglous, Burton, & Stensel, 2004). The development of wastewater treatment plant needs to be considered leading economic indicators to have low operational and maintenance costs (Lewandowski, 2015; Shammas, Wang, & Wu, 2009). Aerobic digestion (AD) has been known since 1950 as biological wastewater treatment process to treat wastewater by removing the pollutants for instance colloids, organic compounds and suspended solids to avoid the excessive pollutants released into the receiving water (Shammas and Wang, 2007)

Adsorption of phosphate from domestic wastewater treatment plant effluent onto the laterites in a hydrodynamic column

High concentration of phosphate (PO4

Sticky silver nanoparticles and surface coatings of different textile fabrics stabilised by muntingia calabura leaf extract

Permanent deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the surface of textile fibre is essential for the long-term medical application of antibacterial textile products. This study aims to propose a new green method of using the pure leaf extract of Muntingia calabura and to create a permanent deposition of AgNPs on the fabric surfaces of cotton, polyester and nylon. The appearance of darker colour confirms the deposition of AgNPs on the fabric fibres. The capacity of water absorption decreased by 9.3, 12.0 and 23.0% and the textile density increased by 10.4, 12.3 and 5.9% were verified for the fabric fibres of cotton, polyester and nylon, respectively, after binding with AgNPs. The antibacterial activity of the cotton, polyester and nylon fabrics against Escherichia coli is better than that against Chromobacterium haemolyticum and then is better than that against Bacillus cereus. The results obtained using the new green method of processing heat treatment experiments by using the pure leaf extract to penetrate AgNPs inside the fabric fibres may contribute to advancing the application of antibacterial textile products for medical uses

Mass transfer kinetics and mechanisms of phosphate adsorbed on waste mussel shell

An excessive amount of phosphate (PO4 3−) released from domestic wastewater treatment plant efuent (DWTPE) may trigger eutrophication of water causing a degradation of healthy aquatic eco�system. Even though the PO4 3− ions can be removed from aqueous solution with an adsorption technique using the low-cost adsorbent, the adsorption kinet�ics of PO4 3− removal must be understood. The bed depth service time (BDST), Thomas and modifed mass transfer factor (MMTF) models were used to investigate the adsorption kinetics of PO4 3− removed from DWTPE onto the waste mussel shell (WMS) applied to hybrid plug fow column reactor (HPFCR). Dynamic adsorption capacity of WMS described by the new modifed BDST model is shown to increase with increasing of the plug fow column (PFC) bed. The analysis of mass transfer behavior described using the Thomas model is able to predict the per�formance of HPFCR at certain depths of the PFC bed. The use of the MMTF models could be useful to describe the real diference between the behav�iors of flm mass transfer and porous difusion. The resistance of PO4 3− mass transfer depending on porous difusion has been verifed to provide a contri�bution in the development of advanced WMS adsor�bent for enhancing the HPFCR performance in the future

Assessment of fatigue and corrosion fatigue behaviours of the nitrogen ion implanted CpTi

The fatigue and corrosion fatigue behaviours of commercially pure titanium (CpTi) have been particularly studied because the requirements of titanium (Ti) base materials are widely used for biomedical applications. The optimal properties of CpTi surface can be preserved by nitrogen ion implantation at a certain dose and energy. Still the fatigue and corrosion fatigue behaviours of nitrogen ion implanted CpTi (Nii-Ti) must be verified. This study performs the fatigue tests for CpTi and Nii-Ti specimens in a laboratory air and the corrosion fatigue tests for Nii-Ti specimens in a saline solution. Effects of nitrogen ion implantation on surface properties can improve the fatigue strength, fatigue life and corrosion fatigue life of Ti base materials. The corrosion pit growth law has been established on the basis of empirical data for predicting the corrosion penetration rate to estimate to the service life of Nii-Ti