491 research outputs found
MRI-based Brain Healthcare Quotients: A bridge between neural and behavioral analyses for keeping the brain healthy
Neurological and psychiatric disorders are a burden on social and economic resources. Therefore, maintaining brain health and preventing these disorders are important. While the physiological functions of the brain are well studied, few studies have focused on keeping the brain healthy from a neuroscientific viewpoint. We propose a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based quotient for monitoring brain health, the Brain Healthcare Quotient (BHQ), which is based on the volume of gray matter (GM) and the fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter (WM). We recruited 144 healthy adults to acquire structural neuroimaging data, including T1-weighted images and diffusion tensor images, and data associated with both physical (BMI, blood pressure, and daily time use) and social (subjective socioeconomic status, subjective well-being, post-materialism and Epicureanism) factors. We confirmed that the BHQ was sensitive to an age-related decline in GM volume and WM integrity. Further analysis revealed that the BHQ was critically affected by both physical and social factors. We believe that our BHQ is a simple yet highly sensitive, valid measure for brain health research that will bridge the needs of the scientific community and society and help us lead better lives in which we stay healthy, active, and sharp
An accelerated proximal gradient method for multiobjective optimization
This paper presents an accelerated proximal gradient method for
multiobjective optimization, in which each objective function is the sum of a
continuously differentiable, convex function and a closed, proper, convex
function. Extending first-order methods for multiobjective problems without
scalarization has been widely studied, but providing accelerated methods with
accurate proofs of convergence rates remains an open problem. Our proposed
method is a multiobjective generalization of the accelerated proximal gradient
method, also known as the Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm
(FISTA), for scalar optimization. The key to this successful extension is
solving a subproblem with terms exclusive to the multiobjective case. This
approach allows us to demonstrate the global convergence rate of the proposed
method (), using a merit function to measure the complexity.
Furthermore, we present an efficient way to solve the subproblem via its dual
representation, and we confirm the validity of the proposed method through some
numerical experiments
Every non-Euclidean oriented matroid admits a biquadratic final polynomial
Richter-Gebert proved that every non-Euclidean uniform oriented matroid admits a biquadratic final polynomial. We extend this result to the non-uniform cas
The Life Historical Approach to the Formation of Citizenship as School Teacher: A Case Study Focused on a Teacher in Post-war Democracy Education
Association of Fatigue and Stress With Gray Matter Volume
Stress is associated with a greater risk for various health problems including reduced gray matter volume (GMV) and density in a number of brain regions. Previous studies show that neuroimaging could be a means to objectively evaluate stress. However, to date, no definite neuroimaging-derived measures are available to detect stress. In this research we used the gray-matter brain healthcare quotient (GM-BHQ), an MRI-based quotient for monitoring brain health based on GMV, as an objective scale to measure the association of stress with the whole brain. We recruited 63 healthy adults to acquire structural T1-weighted images and stress levels evaluated using three representative stress scales: the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS). We found that the GM-BHQ was sensitive to fatigue and the interaction between fatigue and stress
<ORIGINAL>Microradiography in the differentiation and definite diagnosis of odontomas
The present study evaluated the usefulness of microradiography in differentiny and making a definite diagnosis of odontomas. A surgically removed odontoma from a 14-year-old girl was used here. The specimen was sectioned at approximately 100μm thickness and ground to 50μm. Microradiographic images were obtained using soft X-ray equipment (Sofron, Japan) under the conditions of : tube voltage, 10kVp ; tube current, 5mA ; FSD 7.5cm ; and exposure time, 20min. The images were evaluated by comparing to images obtained by histological procedures. The results showed that the microradiographic images had almost the same resolution as that of the microscopic images
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