Helmintos animais em vestígios arqueológicos humanos: revisão de zoonoses no passado

The authors present a review of records of intestinal parasitic helminths from animals in human archaeological remains, reported since the emergence of paleopathological studies. The objective was to relate paleoparasitological findings to geographic, biotic, and abiotic factors from the environment in which the prehistoric populations lived, and understand some aspects related to the process of human dispersion and biological and cultural evolution. Modification of eating habits and the incorporation of new cultural practices are analyzed from the perspective of zoonoses from prehistory to the present day, especially in Brazilian indigenous populations. Three tables identifying the helminths, their natural hosts, dates, and sites of archaeological findings complete this review. In conclusion, various zoonoses known today have occurred since antiquity, and these data, combined with studies on the emergence and reemergence of diseases, could make possible to compose scenarios for the future.São revistos os registros de ocorrência de helmintos intestinais parasitos de animais em vestígios arqueológicos humanos, relatados desde o surgimento dos estudos paleopatológicos. Busca-se relacionar os achados em paleoparasitologia com fatores geográficos, bióticos e abióticos do ambiente em que as populações pré-históricas viviam, e com aspectos do processo de dispersão e evolução biológica e cultural humana. A modificação de hábitos alimentares e a incorporação de novas práticas culturais são analisadas sob o ponto de vista das zoonoses desde a pré-história até a atualidade, em especial em populações indígenas brasileiras. Três tabelas identificando os helmintos, seus hospedeiros naturais, datações e local dos achados arqueológicos complementam esta revisão. Conclui-se que várias zoonoses conhecidas hoje ocorrem desde a antiguidade e que estes dados, combinados a estudos de emergência e reemergência de doenças, podem auxiliar a compor cenários para o futuro

New parasitological and molecular data of carnivore coprolites from Campo Cerda 1 archaeological site (Chubut, Argentina). Insights into human-animal interactions in Patagonia

Parasite studies in coprolites collected from archaeological sites contribute to increase the knowledge about paleoecological conditions and its implications on human populations in the past because of human-animal interactions in an ecological niche. A previous study of coprolites from the sub-level 5(8) (2,850 ± 50 yr. BP) of Campo Cerda 1, an archaeological site in Argentine Patagonia, confirmed the presence of culpeo-fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) faeces with parasite remains. The present parasitological and molecular study focuses on a level dated at ca. 600 yr. BP. Ancient DNA (aDNA) from coprolites was isolated and sequenced to corroborate their zoological origin. The parasite identification was performed under an optical microscope. The aDNA analysis allowed the assignment of the collected coprolites to canids. Two samples were confirmed as from culpeo-fox by DNA sequencing. Polyparasitism was common to all samples, with Alaria sp. and Spirocercidae gen. sp. in a high density. Eight species of helminths coincide with those previously found in coprolites from older levels of Campo Cerda 1. By contrast, spirurids (probably, Spirurida gen. sp., Spirocerca sp. and Protospirura sp.), cestodes (Hymenolepididae gen. sp. and Spirometra sp.), a Dicrocoelliid digenean (attributable to Athesmia sp.), and an ectoparasite, Demodex sp., were only reported in the present work. The high occurrence of Alaria sp. in culpeo-fox from this site at different time periods during the Late Holocene suggests a permanent connection with the aquatic environment to obtain food. The similarity of parasitic assemblages between the 2,850 ± 50 yr. BP and the ca. 600 yr. BP level suggests a high stability of such assemblages throughout this period.Fil: Fugassa, Martín Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Petrigh, Romina Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Pablo Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Carballido Calatayud, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Bellelli, Cristina Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

PALEOEPIDEMIOLOGY OF INTESTINAL PARASITES AND LICE IN PRE-COLUMBIAN SOUTH AMERICA *

Some human parasites originated in prehominid ancestors in Africa. Nematode species, such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), hookworms and Trichuris trichiura are shared by humans and other close phylogenetic primates (Pan and Gorilla), showing that they infected a common ancestor to this group. When humans migrated from Africa to other continents they carried these parasites wherever climate conditions allowed parasite transmission from host to host. Other parasites, however, were acquired throughout human biological and social evolutive history when new territories were occupied. Paleoparasitology data is a valuable source to recover emergence and disappearance of parasite infections through analysis of archaeological remains. Parasites can be used as biological markers of prehistoric human migrations. They are also indicators of diet, as parasite life cycles are related to specific kinds of food consumed by human groups in the different habitats they occupied. We review paleoparasitological findings in South America, comparing human-host and intestinal parasites with life conditions and environmental relationships through time. Algunos pardsitos humanos se originaron en ancestrales prehomfnidos de Africa. Especies de nemdtodos tales como Enterobius vermicularis y Trichuris trichiura son compartidos por los humanos y otras primates Jilogeneticamente emparentados (Pan and Gorilla), lo cual indica que tales pardsitos antiguamente infectaron a un ancestro comlin de estos grupos. Cuando los humanos migraron desde Africa a otras continentes, llevaran consigo pardsitos a lugares donde las condiciones climdticas permitieran su transmision de huesped a huesped. Sin embargo, otras pardsitos fueron adquiridos a traves de la historia evolutiva humana biologica y social. durante la ocupacion de nuevos territorios. Las evidendas paleoparasitologicas. encontradas a traves del andlisis de material arqueol6gico. son una fuente valiosa para recuperar informaci6n de infecciones parasitarias emergentes y desaparecidas. Las pardsitos pueden ser usados como marcadores biologicos de migraciones humanas prehistoricas. Ademds de esto. son indicadores de dieta. debido a que los dclos de vida parasitarios estdn relacionados con dertos alimentos que fueron consumidos por grupos humanos en los diferentes hdbitats ocupados. El objetivo de esta revision bibliogrdJica es reunir los hallazgos paleoparasitol6gicos en Sudamerica y comparar la relacion huesped humano y pardsitos intestinales con condiciones de vida y relaciones ambientales a traves del tiempo

Paleoepidemiology of Intestinal Parasites and Lice in Pre-Columbian South America

Some human parasites originated in prehominid ancestors in Africa. Nematode species, such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), hookworms and Trichuris trichiura are shared by humans and other close phylogenetic primates (Pan and Gorilla), showing that they infected a common ancestor to this group. When humans migrated from Africa to other continents they carried these parasites wherever climate conditions allowed parasite transmission from host to host. Other parasites, however, were acquired throughout human biological and social evolutive history when new territories were occupied. Paleoparasitology data is a valuable source to recover emergence and disappearance of parasite infections through analysis of archaeological remains. Parasites can be used as biological markers of prehistoric human migrations. They are also indicators of diet, as parasite life cycles are related to specific kinds of food consumed by human groups in the different habitats they occupied. We review paleoparasitological findings in South America, comparing human-host and intestinal parasites with life conditions and environmental relationships through time. Algunos parásitos humanos se originaron en ancestrales prehomínidos de Africa. Especies de nemátodos tales como Enterobius vermicularis y Trichuris trichiura son compartidos por los humanos y otros primates filogenéticamente emparentados (Pan and Gorilla), lo cual indica que tales parásitos antiguamente infectaron a un ancestro común de estos grupos. Cuando los humanos migraron desde Africa a otros continentes, llevaron consigo parásitos a lugares donde las condiciones climáticas permitieran su transmisión de huésped a huésped. Sin embargo, otros parásitos fueron adquiridos a través de la historia evolutiva humana biológica y social, durante la ocupación de nuevos territorios. Las evidencias paleoparasitológicas, encontradas a través del análisis de material arqueológico, son una fuente valiosa para recuperar información de infecciones parasitarias emergentes y desaparecidas. Los parásitos pueden ser usados como marcadores biológicos de migraciones humanas prehistóricas. Además de esto, son indicadores de dieta, debido a que los ciclos de vida parasitarios están relacionados con ciertos alimentos que fueron consumidos por grupos humanos en los diferentes hábitats ocupados. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es reunir los hallazgos paleoparasitológicos en Sudamérica y comparar la relación huésped humano y parásitos intestinales con condiciones de vida y relaciones ambientales a través del tiempo

Paleoepidemiología de parásitos intestinales y piojos en Sudamérica Precolombiana

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-11-08T16:32:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alena_iniguez_etal_IOC_2011.pdf: 157111 bytes, checksum: a4fffe80e765837aa033472796e6d42e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-11-08T16:48:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alena_iniguez_etal_IOC_2011.pdf: 157111 bytes, checksum: a4fffe80e765837aa033472796e6d42e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-08T16:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alena_iniguez_etal_IOC_2011.pdf: 157111 bytes, checksum: a4fffe80e765837aa033472796e6d42e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. BrasilUniversity of Nebraska. Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Mar del Plata, Argentina.Universidad de Tarapacá. Instituto de Alta Investigación. Arica, Chile / Universidad de Tarapacá. Convenio de Desempeño-UTA/Mineduc. Arica, Chile / Universidad de Tarapacá. Departamento de Antropología. Arica, Chile.Universidad de Tarapacá. Convenio de Desempeño-UTA/Mineduc. Arica, Chile / Universidad de la Cordillera. La Paz, Bolivia / Museo Nacional de Etnografía y Folklore. La Paz, Bolivia.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. BrasilAlgunos parásitos humanos se originaron en ancestrales prehomínidos de Africa. Especies de nemátodos tales como Enterobius vermicularis y Trichuris trichiura son compartidos por los humanos y otros primates filogenéticamente emparentados (Pan and Gorilla), lo cual indica que tales parásitos antiguamente infectaron a un ancestro común de estos grupos. Cuando los humanos migraron desde Africa a otros continentes, llevaron consigo parásitos a lugares donde las condiciones climáticas permitieran su transmisión de huésped a huésped. Sin embargo, otros parásitos fueron adquiridos a través de la historia evolutiva humana biológica y social, durante la ocupación de nuevos territorios. Las evidencias paleoparasitológicas, encontradas a través del análisis de material arqueológico, son una fuente valiosa para recuperar información de infecciones parasitarias emergentes y desaparecidas. Los parásitos pueden ser usados como marcadores biológicos de migraciones humanas prehistóricas. Además de esto, son indicadores de dieta, debido a que los ciclos de vida parasitarios están relacionados con ciertos alimentos que fueron consumidos por grupos humanos en los diferentes hábitats ocupados. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es reunir los hallazgos paleoparasitológicos en Sudamérica y comparar la relación huésped humano y parásitos intestinales con condiciones de vida y relaciones ambientales a través del tiempo.Some human parasites originated in prehominid ancestors in Africa. Nematode species, such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), hookworms and Trichuris trichiura are shared by humans and other close phylogenetic primates (Pan and Gorilla), showing that they infected a common ancestor to this group. When humans migrated from Africa to other continents they carried these parasites wherever climate conditions allowed parasite transmission from host to host. Other parasites, however, were acquired throughout human biological and social evolutive history when new territories were occupied. Paleoparasitology data is a valuable source to recover emergence and disappearance of parasite infections through analysis of archaeological remains. Parasites can be used as biological markers of prehistoric human migrations. They are also indicators of diet, as parasite life cycles are related to specific kinds of food consumed by human groups in the different habitats they occupied. We review paleoparasitological findings in South America, comparing human-host and intestinal parasites with life conditions and environmental relationships through time

Health at the time of Native-European contact in Southern Patagonia: First steps, results, and prospects

The objective of this paper is to present the first steps into the study of health in southern Patagonia during pre and post Native-European contact. Thus, our work has a double purpose. First, to discuss characteristics and relevance of human bone records of southern Patagonia, in order to study health in a population context. Second, to show some new lines of information, which include paleoparasitology, nutritional paleopathologies, and the study of lifestyles from human remains. In this context, we have started working on the first Spanish settlement "Nombre de Jesus", founded in 1584, and with historical documentation of "La Candelaria" Mission in Rio Grande (1896-1931)