La suplementación con cafeína mejora el salto en contramovimiento en jugadores jóvenes de fútbol: estudio piloto

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of caffeine ingestion in soccer performance, particularly in the countermovement jump test (CMJ).Material and methods: A total of 17 players from a U-19 amateur Spanish team participated in this pilot study. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized experimental design was used in 2 different sessions (1.5 hour per session) separated by 1 week. CMJ was collected at the beginning and at the end of sessions; Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was recorded. Players ingested caffeine or placebo at the beginning of session (minute 0 of session), providing a total of 4 mg of caffeine or a placebo per kg of body mass. Side effects from caffeine and placebo ingestions were analyzed. The effect sizes (ES) were calculated using values for Cohen’s and Quantitative differences were assessed qualitatively (QA).Results: The jump height with caffeine supplementation at the beginning of training was 37.03 (±3.87) cm and at the end was 39.35 (±4.05) cm, obtaining significant improvements (p<0.05; ES: 0.56; QA: 99/1/0). Significant differences on CMJ at the end of the training session between caffeine and placebo groups were observed (39.35 [±4.05] cm vs. 36.85 [±3.15] cm; p<0.05; ES: 0.65; QA: 0/1/99). Significant differences on RPE between groups were observed. A non-significant tendency to suffer more side effects with caffeine ingestion was obtained.Conclusions: This study shows how the ingestion of 4 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass could be an ergogenic aid to improve soccer performance. However, further studies with bigger soccer players sample would be necessary to refute the present results.Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de la ingestión de cafeína en el rendimiento en fútbol, específicamente en el test de salto en contramovimiento (CMJ).Materiales y métodos: 17 jugadores de la categoría Sub-19 de un equipo amateur español participaron en el estudio piloto. Se siguió un diseño a doble ciego, placebo-control, aleatorizado en 2 entrenamientos (1,5 horas/sesión) separados por 1 semana. El CMJ se recogió al inicio y al final de las sesiones, la tasa de esfuerzo percibido (RPE) fue recogida. Los jugadores tomaron cafeína o placebo al inicio del entrenamiento (minuto 0), proveyendo 4 mg/kg de masa corporal de cafeína o placebo. Se analizaron los efectos secundarios provenientes de la cafeína y del placebo. Los tamaños de efecto (ES) se calcularon utilizando valores para Cohen y las diferencias cuantitativas se evaluaron cualitativamente (QA).Resultados: La altura del salto media cuando se ingirió cafeína fue 37,03 (±3,87) cm al inicio y 39,35 (±4,05) cm al final del entrenamiento, obteniendo una mejora significativa (p<0,05; ES: 0,56; QA: 99/1/0). Se observaron diferencias significativas en el CMJ al final de los entrenamientos entre la ingestión con cafeína y placebo (39,35 [±4,05] cm vs. 36,85 [±3,15] cm; p<0,05; ES: 0,65; QA: +0/1/99). Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en la RPE entre los grupos. Se observó una tendencia no significativa a sufrir más efectos secundarios cuando se ingirió cafeína.Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra como la ingestión de 4 mg/kg de cafeína podría ser una ayuda ergogénica para mejorar el rendimiento en fútbol. Se requieren más estudios con mayor tamaño muestral para confirmar los resultados

Natural History of MYH7-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND Variants in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) are responsible for disease in 1% to 5% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, the clinical characteristics and natural history of MYH7-related DCM are poorly described. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the phenotype and prognosis of MYH7-related DCM. We also evaluated the influence of variant location on phenotypic expression. METHODS We studied clinical data from 147 individuals with DCM-causing MYH7 variants (47.6% female; 35.6 +/- 19.2 years) recruited from 29 international centers. RESULTS At initial evaluation, 106 (72.1%) patients had DCM (left ventricular ejection fraction: 34.5% +/- 11.7%). Median follow-up was 4.5 years (IQR: 1.7-8.0 years), and 23.7% of carriers who were initially phenotype-negative developed DCM. Phenotypic expression by 40 and 60 years was 46% and 88%, respectively, with 18 patients (16%) first diagnosed at <18 years of age. Thirty-six percent of patients with DCM met imaging criteria for LV noncompaction. During follow-up, 28% showed left ventricular reverse remodeling. Incidence of adverse cardiac events among patients with DCM at 5 years was 11.6%, with 5 (4.6%) deaths caused by end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and 5 patients (4.6%) requiring heart transplantation. The major ventricular arrhythmia rate was low (1.0% and 2.1% at 5 years in patients with DCM and in those with LVEF of <= 35%, respectively). ESHF and major ventricular arrhythmia were significantly lower compared with LMNA-related DCM and similar to DCM caused by TTN truncating variants. CONCLUSIONS MYH7-related DCM is characterized by early age of onset, high phenotypic expression, low left ventricular reverse remodeling, and frequent progression to ESHF. Heart failure complications predominate over ventricular arrhythmias, which are rare. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation

Gaia Early Data Release 3: Structure and properties of the Magellanic Clouds

We compare the Gaia DR2 and Gaia EDR3 performances in the study of the Magellanic Clouds and show the clear improvements in precision and accuracy in the new release. We also show that the systematics still present in the data make the determination of the 3D geometry of the LMC a difficult endeavour; this is at the very limit of the usefulness of the Gaia EDR3 astrometry, but it may become feasible with the use of additional external data. We derive radial and tangential velocity maps and global profiles for the LMC for the several subsamples we defined. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the two planar components of the ordered and random motions are derived for multiple stellar evolutionary phases in a galactic disc outside the Milky Way, showing the differences between younger and older phases. We also analyse the spatial structure and motions in the central region, the bar, and the disc, providing new insights into features and kinematics. Finally, we show that the Gaia EDR3 data allows clearly resolving the Magellanic Bridge, and we trace the density and velocity flow of the stars from the SMC towards the LMC not only globally, but also separately for young and evolved populations. This allows us to confirm an evolved population in the Bridge that is slightly shift from the younger population. Additionally, we were able to study the outskirts of both Magellanic Clouds, in which we detected some well-known features and indications of new ones

Ingestas previas a un partido oficial en jugadores de fútbol jóvenes

Introduction: It has been shown that nutrition plays a crucial role in sport performance, consequently athletes should pay attention to their nutritional habits. However, it is not completely clear what athletes eat just before the sport competition. Objectives: Analyze the previous energy and nutrient ingestions to a match in soccer players. Material and method: Previous intakes from forty-seven players were collected using a 24 hours recall questionnaire. Twentyfour and three hours intakes before the competition were examined using a nutrient´s composition software. Brand names of commercial food were included. Information concerning time of day, cooking methods and amount of food prepared were collected. Height and weight were measured. Players were asked if they have received nutritional directions in previous seasons. Descriptive statics (mean ± SD) and t-student analyses were used. Results: The mean kcal ingestion was 34.68 ± 16.31 kcal/kg body weight twenty-four hours and 6.89 ± 3.38 kcal/kg body weight three hours before. Carbohydrate average intake was 3.35 ± 1.59 grams/kg body weight twenty-four hours and 0.87 ± 0.43 grams/kg body weight three hours before the match. Proteins mean consumption was 1.49 ± 0.76 grams/kg body weight twenty-four hours and 0.23 ± 0.16 grams/kg body weight three hours before the match. Differences were obtained between players who received nutritional direction and the other players in energy, carbohydrate, proteins and lipids ingested. Conclusion: The players studied presented a low kcal and carbohydrate ingestion twenty-four and three hours before a competitive match and they did not fulfill nutritional recommendation. However, nutritional directions could improve previous energy and nutrients intakes.Introducción: Se ha demostrado que la nutrición juega un papel crucial en el rendimiento deportivo, por ello los deportistas deberían de prestar atención a sus hábitos nutricionales. Sin embargo, no está completamente claro qué es lo que toman los deportistas justamente antes de la competición. Objetivos: Analizar las ingestas previas de energía y nutrientes antes de un partido en jugadores de fútbol. Materiales y métodos: Se recogieron las ingestas previas de cuarenta y siete jugadores de fútbol usando un cuestionario de 24 horas. Se analizó la ingesta de energía y nutrientes 24 y 3 horas antes del partido utilizando un software de composición nutricional. Se incluyó nombres de marcas comerciales. Se recogió información sobre el horario, los métodos de cocinado y la cantidad de comida preparada. Se midió la altura y el peso de cada jugador. Se les preguntó a los jugadores si habían recibido recomendaciones nutricionales en temporadas anteriores. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos descriptivos y análisis t-student Resultados: La ingesta calórica media fue de 34,68 ± 16,31 kcal/kg de peso veinticuatro horas antes y 6,89 ± 3,38 kcal/kg peso en las tres horas previas. El consumo medio de carbohidratos fue 3,35 ± 1,59 gramos/kg en las 24 horas y de 0,87 ± 0,43 gramos/kg en las tres horas previas. El consumo de proteínas fue de 1,49 ± 0,76 gramos/kg de peso en el día previo y de 0,23 ± 0,16 gramos/kg en las tres horas anteriores al partido. Se obtuvieron diferencias entre los jugadores que recibieron recomendaciones nutricionales y los que no en las ingestas de energía, carbohidratos, proteínas y lípidos. Conclusión: Los jugadores estudiados presentaron una baja ingesta de kcal y carbohidratos en las veinticuatro y en las tres horas anteriores al partido y no cumpliendo con las recomendaciones alimentarias. Sin embargo, recomendaciones nutricionales podrían mejorar la ingesta de energía y nutrientes

La suplementación con cafeína mejora el salto en contramovimiento en jugadores jóvenes de fútbol: estudio piloto

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of caffeine ingestion in soccer performance, particularly in the countermovement jump test (CMJ). Material and Methods: A total of 17 players from a U-19 amateur Spanish team participated in this pilot study. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized experimental design was used in 2 different sessions (1.5 hour per session) separated by 1 week. CMJ was collected at the beginning and at the end of sessions; Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was recorded. Players ingested caffeine or placebo at the beginning of session (minute 0 of session), providing a total of 4mg of caffeine or a placebo per kg of body mass. Side effects from caffeine and placebo ingestions were analyzed. The effect sizes (ES) were calculated using values for Cohen’s and Quantitative differences were assessed qualitatively (QA). Results: The jump height with caffeine supplementation at the beginning of training was 37.03 (±3.87) cm and at the end was 39.35 (±4.05) cm, obtaining significant improvements (p<0.05; ES:0.56; QA:99/1/0). Significant differences on CMJ at the end of the training session between caffeine and placebo groups were observed (39.35 [±4.05] cm vs. 36.85 [±3.15] cm; p<0.05; ES:0.65; QA:0/1/99). Significant differences on RPE between groups were observed. A nonsignificant tendency to suffer more side effects with caffeine ingestion was obtained. Conclusions: This study shows how the ingestion of 4mg of caffeine per kg of body mass could be an ergogenic aid to improve soccer performance. However, further studies with bigger soccer players sample would be necessary to refute the present results.Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de la ingestión de cafeína en el rendimiento en fútbol, específicamente en el test de salto en contramovimiento (CMJ). Materiales y métodos: 17 jugadores de la categoría Sub-19 de un equipo amateur español participaron en el estudio piloto. Se siguió un diseño a doble ciego, placebo-control, aleatorizado en 2 entrenamientos (1,5 horas/sesión) separados por 1 semana. El CMJ se recogió al inicio y al final de las sesiones, la tasa de esfuerzo percibido (RPE) fue recogida. Los jugadores tomaron cafeína o placebo al inicio del entrenamiento (minuto 0), proveyendo 4 mg/kg de masa corporal de cafeína o placebo. Se analizaron los efectos secundarios provenientes de la cafeína y del placebo. Los tamaños de efecto (ES) se calcularon utilizando valores para Cohen y las diferencias cuantitativas se evaluaron cualitativamente (QA). Resultados: La altura del salto media cuando se ingirió cafeína fue 37,03 (±3,87) cm al inicio y 39,35 (±4,05) cm al final del entrenamiento, obteniendo una mejora significativa (p<0,05; ES: 0,56; QA: 99/1/0). Se observaron diferencias significativas en el CMJ al final de los entrenamientos entre la ingestión con cafeína y placebo (39,35 [±4,05] cm vs. 36,85 [±3,15] cm; p<0,05; ES: 0,65; QA: +0/1/99). Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en la RPE entre los grupos. Se observó una tendencia no significativa a sufrir más efectos secundarios cuando se ingirió cafeína. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra como la ingestión de 4 mg/kg de cafeína podría ser una ayuda ergogénica para mejorar el rendimiento en fútbol. Se requieren más estudios con mayor tamaño muestral para confirmar los resultados

Effects of the intensity of prehospital treatment on short-term outcomes in patients with acute heart failure. the SEMICA-2 study

Objective: Little is known about treatments provided by advanced life support (ALS) ambulance teams to patients with acute heart failure (AHF) during the prehospital phase, and their influence on short-term outcome. We evaluated the effect of prehospital care in consecutive patients diagnosed with AHF in Spanish emergency departments (EDs). Methods: We selected patients from the EAHFE registry arriving at the ED by ALS ambulances with available follow-up data. We recorded specific prehospital ALS treatments (supplemental oxygen, diuretics, nitroglycerin, non-invasive ventilation) and patients were grouped according to whether they received low- (LIPHT; 0/1 treatments) or high-intensity prehospital therapy (HIPHT; > 1 treatment) for AHF. We also recorded 46 covariates. The primary endpoint was all-cause 7-day mortality, and secondary endpoints were prolonged hospitalisation (> 10 days) and in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to compare the groups. Results: We included 1493 patients [mean age 80.7 (10) years; women 54.8%]. Prehospital treatment included supplemental oxygen in 71.2%, diuretics in 27.9%, nitroglycerin in 13.5%, and non-invasive ventilation in 5.3%. The LIPHT group included 1041 patients (70.0%) with an unadjusted OR for 7-day mortality of 1.770 (95% CI 1.115–2.811; p = 0.016), and 1.939 (95% CI 1.114–3.287, p = 0.014) after adjustment for 16 discordant covariables. The adjusted ORs for all secondary endpoints were always > 1 in the LIPHT group, but none reached statistical significance. Conclusions: Patients finally diagnosed with AHF at then ED that have received LIPHT by the ALS ambulance teams have a poorer short-term outcome, especially during the first 7 days