La arquitectura de los primeros garajes de Valencia

El desarrollo y la expansión del automóvil a principios de siglo XX originó la necesidad de lugares de guarda y custodia: los garajes, que, además, servían como talleres, lavaderos, venta de accesorios y gasolina, y, en ocasiones, funcionaron también como agencias de exposición y venta de vehículos. Las construcciones destinadas a garaje se diseñaban con un programa de necesidades bien definido y con una estética acorde a los edificios de tendencias eclécticas, modernistas y post-modernistas de la época. En este trabajo se aborda el nacimiento de estas instalaciones en la ciudad de Valencia, hasta finales de los años veinte, y se muestra la evolución en el emplazamiento, la distribución y la arquitectura

Arquitectura industrial: los primeros garajes de Valencia

La impor­tan­cia social del auto­mó­vil y como con­se­cuen­cia de todo lo que le rodeaba, hicie­ron que los gara­jes se con­vir­tie­ran en edi­fi­ca­cio­nes inde­pen­dien­tes, con una tipo­lo­gía espe­cí­fica y donde se refle­ja­ban las carac­te­rís­ti­cas de la arqui­tec­tura moder­nista y regio­na­lista que se suce­die­ron en la Valen­cia de la época. Una mues­tra de la impor­tan­cia de los gara­jes es la auto­ría de las edi­fi­ca­cio­nes, a cargo de los arqui­tec­tos y maes­tros de obra con más renom­bre de la ciu­dad , como D. Fran­cisco Alme­nar, D. Deme­trio Ribes o D. José Peris

Analysis of the Scoring Formula of Economic Criteria in Public Works Procurement

[EN] Public works procurement regulates two award procedures from within the same criteria: either the price or a variety of different conditions. Although the question of price may not seem the most important factor to be considered, it is imperative to always be aware of it when bearing in mind the award criteria. Economic scoring formulae (ESF) are numerous and each agency has the authority to determine which will be used for each of their bids, making this article a comparative analysis of all the options. The results show that most formulas give the highest score to the most economic bidder, it is necessary to eliminate the use of formulas that give the highest score to the offers which are closest to the average of all bids submitted. One should always opt for formulas with moderate or strong scoring gradients across various stages or phases, thereby giving more weight to economic analysis, as set out in the various administrative clauses.Fuentes Bargues, JL.; González-Gaya, C. (2013). Analysis of the Scoring Formula of Economic Criteria in Public Works Procurement. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 1(1):1-12. doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.11S1121

The architecture of the first garages of Valencia

[ES] El desarrollo y la expansión del automóvil a principios de siglo XX originó la necesidad de lugares de guarda y custodia: los garajes, que, además, servían como talleres, lavaderos, venta de accesorios y gasolina, y, en ocasiones, funcionaron también como agencias de exposición y venta de vehículos. Las construcciones destinadas a garaje se diseñaban con un programa de necesidades bien definido y con una estética acorde a los edificios de tendencias eclécticas, modernistas y post-modernistas de la época. En este trabajo se aborda el nacimiento de estas instalaciones en la ciudad de Valencia, hasta finales de los años veinte, y se muestra la evolución en el emplazamiento, la distribución y la arquitectura.[EN] The development and expansion of the automobile in the early 20th century resulted in the need for the places of custody: garages, which also served as workshops, laundry, accessory and gasoline sales, and sometimes as agencies of exhibition and sale of vehicles. The buildings were designed garage aimed at a well-defined program needs and aesthetic buildings according to the eclectic tendencies, modernist and post-modernist era. This paper deals with the birth of these facilities in the city of Valencia, to the late twenties, and shows the evolution in the location, distribution and architecture.Fuentes Bargues, JL. (2014). La arquitectura de los primeros garajes de Valencia. Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales. 18(466):1-21. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/61822S1211846

Abnormally Low Tenders in Non-pricing Criteria: the Need for Control

[EN] As public procurement accounts for approximately 10 to 15% of gross domestic product (GDP) in developed countries, tendering mechanisms should be clearly defined in order to avoid any actions that could endanger the basic principle that all bidders should be on equal terms. An Abnormally Low Tender (ALT) is defined as an offer too low to provide a normal level of profit and that cannot be explained on the basis of construction methods, the technical solution chosen, the originality of the work, or the favorable conditions of the tenderer. Public bodies are well aware of the risk of accepting an offer that cannot be carried out and despite the difficulty of detection recommendations for their prevention usually focus on the price criterion. Most tenders are awarded to the economically most advantageous tender (EMAT), which is assessed by various criteria (including price), though other criteria often have equal or greater weight in the final decision. The method used in this research study is divided into two main phases. First, the score of the bidders is obtained for criteria evaluated by formulae other than price, based on the contract terms of three case studies, after which new scores for these award criteria are obtained from ALT formulae, then, the results of both scoring methods are analyzed. This paper defends the need to control abnormally low tenders by means of award criteria evaluated by formulae other than those of price.Fuentes Bargues, JL.; González-Cruz, M.; González-Gaya, C. (2016). Abnormally Low Tenders in Non-pricing Criteria: the Need for Control. Universal Journal of Management. 4(12):659-669. doi:10.13189/ujm.2016.041202S65966941

Approach and Success in the Management of Peacekeeping Operations (PKOs): Application to Two Case Studies, The UNMISS and MONUSCO Missions of the UN

[EN] A Peacekeeping Operation (PKO) of the United Nations (UN) is a complex project whose objective is determined by the mandate, and which seeks to eliminate violence, achieve peace, and consolidate the future of society in conflict zones. For a PKO is important to assess the success or failure of the mission because might have implications for the outcomes of future missions. In this paper, it is proposed a methodology that combines two available tools, on the one hand the tool of PMI to determine the most appropriate approach to manage a PKO and on the other hand the NUPI tool, to measure the success of a PKO. The methodology is applied to two studies cases of fourth generation PKOs, the UNMISS PKO in South Sudan and the MONUSCO mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo. From the results obtained an adaptive approach enjoys a greater guarantee of success than does a predefined approach.This research was funded by the ETSII-Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED) of Spain.Álvarez-Espada, JM.; Fuentes Bargues, JL.; González-Gaya, C. (2022). Approach and Success in the Management of Peacekeeping Operations (PKOs): Application to Two Case Studies, The UNMISS and MONUSCO Missions of the UN. Sustainability. 14(10):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106097115141

La contratación pública de obras: situación actual y puntos de mejora

La construcción pública ha sido, es y será uno de los pilares fundamentales del sector construcción español, si bien la actual situación de crisis económica y la reducción de la inversión pública en nuevas infraestructuras ha generado un descenso de actividad hasta niveles similares a los años noventa. El retorno a índices de actividad más elevados no solo se conseguirá con la recuperación de la economía del país, sino que será necesario realizar ciertas mejoras en los procesos de licitación con objeto de conseguir una mayor funcionalidad y flexibilidad en la contratación pública de obras

Environmental criteria in the Spanish Public Works Procurement Process

[EN] Green Public Procurement (GPP) is defined as a process of contracting products, services, and works with the least possible damage to the environment during their life cycle. In order to improve the knowledge about GPP, a study of the use of environmental tendering criteria in the Spanish public construction sector has been performed. The results of this study show that the use of environmental criteria in Spanish public sector construction procurement is low in comparison to a certain group of countries, known as Green 7 , in the European Union. Environmental criteria is the fourth criterion in importance, but its weight in the global of the process is much lower than other criteria such as price, memory of the construction process and the delivery time. National administrations use environmental criteria more frequently because they have more resources and staff training about environmental issues. Environmental criteria are more used in the tendering of civil projects and works whose budget exceeds ten million euro due to the environmental impact of these kind and/or size of projects.This paper was funded by the Universitat Politècnica de València and UNED, both of Spain.Fuentes Bargues, JL.; González-Cruz, M.; González-Gaya, C. (2017). Environmental criteria in the Spanish Public Works Procurement Process. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health. 14(2):1-18. doi:10.3390/ijerph14020204S11814

Green public procurement of building works in the Piedmont region of Italy

[EN] In recent years, the global spread of approaches to promote sustainable, and mainly environmental, policies have grown significantly. Green Public Procurement (GPP) was defined by the European Union as a procurement process for goods, services and works with the lowest possible environmental impact during their life cycle. GPP is one of the tools available to the public administration to promote the preservation of the environment, with aspects such as the reduction of atmospheric emissions, the use of more sustainable resources, the recovery of waste and the reduction of energy consumption, especially in a sector such as construction, which is one of the main economic sectors of the economies of developed countries. The aim of this communication is to analyse the state of green public procurement in the Italian region of Piedmont, one of the most important regions in terms of population and weight in the Italian gross domestic product. This study will analyse the environmental criteria used in a sample of 102 tenders for building works between 2016 and 2018 and will compare the results obtained with other similar studies carried out in Spain.[ES] En los últimos años la difusión a nivel mundial de planteamientos para promover políticas sostenibles, y principalmente medioambientales ha crecido de manera importante. La Contratación pública Verde (CPV), fue definida por la Unión Europea como un proceso de contratación de bienes, servicios y obras con el menor impacto ambiental posible durante su ciclo de vida. La CPV es una de las herramientas que tiene la administración pública para potenciar la preservación del medio ambiente, con aspectos tales como la reducción de emisiones a la atmósfera, el uso de recursos más sostenibles, la valorización de residuos y la reducción del consumo energético, y más en un sector como la construcción, que es uno de los principales sectores económicos de las economías de los países desarrollados. El objeto de esta comunicación es el análisis del estado de la contratación pública verde en la región italiana del Piamonte, una de las regiones más importantes en términos de población y de peso en el PIB italiano. En este estudio se analizarán los criterios ambientales utilizados en una muestra de 102 expedientes licitados de obras de edificación entre los años 2016 y 2018 y se compararán los resultados con otros similares realizados en España.Fuentes Bargues, JL.; Piccirillo, E.; Rebaudengo, M. (2021). La contratación pública verde de obras de edificación en la región italiana de Piamonte. AEIPRO. 433-446. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/180527S43344