275 research outputs found
Analysis of ADCP data above a bottom observatory
A 300-kHz ADCP was set on GEOSTAR, a six-m3 deep-sea observatory. It was operated with cells of 80 cm during a three-week test experiment at 42-m water depth in
the northern Adriatic sub-basin. Although it provided valuable data about the horizontal current field over most of the water column, it also allowed specifying the wake disturbances induced by the observatory. These disturbances are characterised by vertical velocities that
are significant up to ~20 m above seafloor (echo intensity data suggest that the wake can even reach the surface), and by inclinations of the bottom nepheloïd layer (as deduced from differences in echo intensities from beam to beam). Our analysis is validated by consistent
relationships between the horizontal current direction and speed on one side and the characteristics of both dynamical (vertical velocity) and non-dynamical (echo intensity) parameters on the other side. It is in good agreement with the simulations from a numerical model, and hence specifies the sensitivity (especially with respect to echo intensity) and accuracy of an instrument usually operated within fields of current and scatterers not disturbed by the device supporting it. In addition, the error velocity parameter displays
specific characteristics that easily allow specifying the thickness of the layer disturbed by the observatory, thus providing a technique to validate the quality of data acquired in similar conditions
Trouble in Asymptopia---the Hulthen Model on the Light Front
We use light-front dynamics to calculate the electromagnetic form-factor for
the Hulthen model of the deuteron. For small momentum transfer Q^2 < 5 GeV^2
the relativistic effects are quite small. For Q^2 = 11 GeV^2 there is about a
13% discrepancy between the relativistic and non-relativistic approaches. For
asymptotically large momentum transfer, however, the light-front form factor,
log Q^2 /Q^4, markedly differs from the non-relativistic version, 1/Q^4. This
behavior is also present for any wave function, such as those obtained from
realistic potential models, which can be represented as a sum of Yukawa
functions. Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior is in disagreement with the
Drell-Yan-West relation. We investigate precisely how to determine the
asymptotic behavior and confront the problem underlying troublesome form
factors on the light front.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures Accepted by Phys. Rev
Role of retardation in 3-D relativistic equations
Equal-time Green's function is used to derive a three-dimensional integral
equation from the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The resultant equation, in the
absence of anti-particles, is identical to the use of time-ordered diagrams,
and has been used within the framework of coupling to study the
role of energy dependence and non-locality when the two-body potential is the
sum of -exchange and crossed exchange. The results show that
non-locality and energy dependence make a substantial contribution to both the
on-shell and off-shell amplitudes.Comment: 17 pages, RevTeX; 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
C56 (Nov. 97
Light-Front Bethe-Salpeter Equation
A three-dimensional reduction of the two-particle Bethe-Salpeter equation is
proposed. The proposed reduction is in the framework of light-front dynamics.
It yields auxiliary quantities for the transition matrix and the bound state.
The arising effective interaction can be perturbatively expanded according to
the number of particles exchanged at a given light-front time. An example
suggests that the convergence of the expansion is rapid. This result is
particular for light-front dynamics. The covariant results of the
Bethe-Salpeter equation can be recovered from the corresponding auxiliary
three-dimensional ones. The technical procedure is developed for a two-boson
case; the idea for an extension to fermions is given. The technical procedure
appears quite practicable, possibly allowing one to go beyond the ladder
approximation for the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The relation
between the three-dimensional light-front reduction of the field-theoretic
Bethe-Salpeter equation and a corresponding quantum-mechanical description is
discussed.Comment: 42 pages, 5 figure
GAGA Factor Maintains Nucleosome-Free Regions and Has a Role in RNA Polymerase II Recruitment to Promoters
Previous studies have shown that GAGA Factor (GAF) is enriched on promoters with paused RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), but its genome-wide function and mechanism of action remain largely uncharacterized. We assayed the levels of transcriptionally-engaged polymerase using global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) in control and GAF-RNAi Drosophila S2 cells and found promoter-proximal polymerase was significantly reduced on a large subset of paused promoters where GAF occupancy was reduced by knock down. These promoters show a dramatic increase in nucleosome occupancy upon GAF depletion. These results, in conjunction with previous studies showing that GAF directly interacts with nucleosome remodelers, strongly support a model where GAF directs nucleosome displacement at the promoter and thereby allows the entry Pol II to the promoter and pause sites. This action of GAF on nucleosomes is at least partially independent of paused Pol II because intergenic GAF binding sites with little or no Pol II also show GAF-dependent nucleosome displacement. In addition, the insulator factor BEAF, the BEAF-interacting protein Chriz, and the transcription factor M1BP are strikingly enriched on those GAF-associated genes where pausing is unaffected by knock down, suggesting insulators or the alternative promoter-associated factor M1BP protect a subset of GAF-bound paused genes from GAF knock-down effects. Thus, GAF binding at promoters can lead to the local displacement of nucleosomes, but this activity can be restricted or compensated for when insulator protein or M1BP complexes also reside at GAF bound promoters
Entanglement of Fock-space expansion and covariance in light-front Hamiltonian dynamics
We investigate in a model with scalar ``nucleons'' and mesons the
contributions of higher Fock states that are neglected in the ladder
approximation of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. This leads to a breaking of
covariance, both in light-front and in instant-form Hamiltonian dynamics. The
lowest Fock sector neglected has two mesons in the intermediate state and
corresponds to the stretched box. First we show in a simplified example that
the contributions of higher Fock states are much smaller on the light-front
than in instant-form dynamics. Then we show for a scattering amplitude above
threshold that the stretched boxes are small, however, necessary to retain
covariance. For an off energy-shell amplitude covariance is not necessarily
maintained and this is confirmed by our calculations. Again, the stretched
boxes are found to be small.Comment: 17 pages, revtex, 14 figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.
The Benthic Boundary Layer: geochemical and oceanographic data from the GEOSTAR-2 observatory
Geochemical and oceanographic data, acquired throughout 6 months by the GEOSTAR-2 benthic observatory in southern Tyrrhenian Sea, evidenced ocean-lithosphere interactions in the 1900-m deep Benthic Boundary Layer (BBL), distinguishing two water masses with different origin and, possibly, benthic residence time. Gas concentration, helium isotopic ratios, radioactivity, temperature, salinity and vertical component of the current converged towards the indication of a BBL characterised by a colder and fresher western water (WW), which is episodically displaced by the cascading of the warmer and saltier Eastern Overflow Water (EOW). The benthic WW has higher concentration of geochemical tracers diffusing from the seafloor sediments. The data set shows the potential of long-term, continuous and multiparametric monitoring in providing unique information which cannot be acquired by traditional, short-term or single-sensor investigations
Two-fermion relativistic bound states in Light-Front Dynamics
In the Light-Front Dynamics, the wave function equations and their numerical
solutions, for two fermion bound systems, are presented. Analytical expressions
for the ladder one-boson exchange interaction kernels corresponding to scalar,
pseudoscalar, pseudovector and vector exchanges are given. Different couplings
are analyzed separately and each of them is found to exhibit special features.
The results are compared with the non relativistic solutions.Comment: 40 pages, to be published in Phys. Rev. C, .tar.gz fil
Persistent, depth-intensified mixing during the Western Mediterranean Transition's initial stages
Piñeiro, S., González-Pola, C., Fernández-DÃaz, J. M., Naveira-Garabato, A. C., Sánchez-Leal, R., Puig, P., et al. (2021). Persistent, depth-intensified mixing during the Western Mediterranean Transition's initial stages. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126, e2020JC016535. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016535. © 2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.© 2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Major deep-convection activity in the northwestern Mediterranean during winter 2005 triggered the formation of a complex anomalous deep-water structure that substantially modified the properties of the Western Mediterranean deep layers. Since then, evolution of this thermohaline structure, the so-called Western Mediterranean Transition (WMT), has been traced through a regularly sampled hydrographic deep station located on the outer continental slope of Minorca Island. A rapid erosion of the WMT's near-bottom thermohaline signal was observed during 2005–2007. The plausible interpretation of this as local bottom-intensified mixing motivates this study. Here, the evolution of the WMT structure through 2005–2007 is reproduced by means of a one-dimensional diffusion model including double-diffusive mixing that allows vertical variation of the background mixing coefficient and includes a source term to represent the lateral advection of deep-water injections from the convection area. Using an optimization algorithm, a best guess for the depth-dependent background mixing coefficient is obtained for the study period. WMT evolution during its initial stages is satisfactorily reproduced using this simple conceptual model, indicating that strong depth-intensified mixing (K ∞ (z) ≈ 22 × 10−4 m2 s−1; z ⪆ 1,400 dbar) is a valid explanation for the observations. Extensive hydrographic and current observations gathered over the continental slope of Minorca during winter 2018, the first deep-convective winter intensively sampled in the region, provide evidence of topographically localized enhanced mixing concurrent with newly formed dense waters flowing along-slope toward the Algerian sub-basin. This transport-related boundary mixing mechanism is suggested to be a plausible source of the water-mass transformations observed during the initial stages of the WMT off Minorca.CTM2014-54374-R. BES-2015-074316.Versión del editor3,17
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