Belief in a Just World

Belief in a just world hypothesis is defined as the belief that the world is a just place where people generally get what they deserve. It states that individuals have a need to believe that they live in a just world; they believe in a world where people get what they deserve and where people deserve what they get. Individuals believe that who work hard or who perform good acts obtain rewards for their actions, while the sinners and the laggards receive punishments instead. Similarly, individuals want to believe that positive outcomes, whether money, success, or happiness, are obtained only by good people and, conversely, that negative outcomes only happen to bad persons. Justice beliefs have been hypothesized as adaptive for dealing with day-to-day stres. Just world beliefs protect individuals from the daily negative psychological consequences of living in what is realistically an unjust world. In addition, just world beliefs are thought to enhance feelings of security to the extent that if the individual satisfies the conditions for being "good," he or she is protected from injustice. The belief in a just world, like other positive illusions, should contribute to the maintenance of one's mental health. Belief in a just world's is discussed in two ways: personal belief in a just world's answers the question “how much justly is the world to me?”, whereas the belief in a just world's in general answers the question “how much justly is the world?

Radiologic findings of multiple meningiomas

Bu çalısmanın amacı, Recklinghausen hastalıgı dısında nadir görülen Multipl Meningioma'lı (MM) hastaların BT(BilgisayarlıTomografi) veMRG(Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme) bulgularını incelemektir. Ailesinde Recklinghausen hastalıgı öyküsü olmayan, farklı nörolojik sikayetleri olan toplam 7 kadın hasta (yas ortalaması: 49.28) çalısmaya dahil edildi. Bu hastaların 7'sine MRG ve ayrıca 1'sine de BT yapıldı. Lokalizasyon, intensite, kontrastlanma paternleri (dural boyanma) ve çevre dokuya invazyon özellikleri incelendi. MM'ların lokalizasyonlarına göre dagılımında; 4 lezyon konveksite düzeyinde, 3 lezyon parasagital alanda, 1 lezyon olfaktor olukda, 1 lezyon tentoryumda ve 1 lezyon da sellar lokalizasyondaydı. MRG'de tüm olgularda T1 agırlıklı sekanslarda hipointens, T2 agırlıklı sekanslarda hiperintens, paramanyetik kontrast madde sonrası yogun ve homojen kontrast tutulumları (4 olguda dural boyanma) gösteren multipl extra aksiyel kitle lezyonları izlendi.BTkarakteristikleriMRGile benzer olarak izlendi. Meningiomalar duramaterden köken alan beynin en yaygın extraaksial tümörleri olup Recklinghausen hastalıgı dısında multipl olarak çok nadir görülürler. MM patogenezi tam olarak bilinmemekle beraber bizim çalısmamızda oldugu gibi kadınlarda daha sık görülmesi nedeniyle hormonal faktörlerin etkili olabilecegi iddia edilmektedir.The objective of this study is to investigate the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computerized Tomography (CT) characteristics of multiple meningiomas (MM) which are rarely seen except with Recklinghausen disease. Seven female patients (average age: 49.28 years) with MM who have no family history of Recklinghausen disease are included in this study. All patients were scanned with MRI and one patient was also scanned with CT. Localization, intensity, contrast pattern (dural enhancement), and invasion characteristics were analyzed.Localizations of the tumors were as follows: 4 lesions in convexity, 3 lesions in parasagittal, 1 lesion in olfactorial groove, 1 lesion in tentorium and 1 lesion in sellar region. Multiple tumors were hypo intense in T1 weighted images, hyper intense in T2 weighted images and homogen contrast pattern (dural tail) in all cases. CT characteristics were similar to MRI. Meningiomas are the most common extra axial brain tumors which arise from the durameter and rarely seen in multiples except in Recklinghausen disease. Pathogenesis for multiplicity is largely unknown. Because they are mostly seen in females, as ours role of hormonal factors are speculated

Healthcare workers as parents: attitudes toward vaccinating their children against pandemic influenza A/H1N1

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Both the health care workers (HCWs) and children are target groups for pandemic influenza vaccination. The coverage of the target populations is an important determinant for impact of mass vaccination. The objective of this study is to determine the attitudes of HCWs as parents, toward vaccinating their children with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with health care workers (HCWs) in a public hospital during December 2009 in Istanbul. All persons employed in the hospital with or without a health-care occupation are accepted as HCW. The HCWs who are parents of children 6 months to 18 years of age were included in the study. Pearson's chi-square test and logistic regression analysis was applied for the statistical analyses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 389 HCWs who were parents of children aged 6 months-18 years participated study. Among all participants 27.0% (n = 105) reported that themselves had been vaccinated against pandemic influenza A/H1N1. Two third (66.1%) of the parents answered that they will not vaccinate their children, 21.1% already vaccinated and 12.9% were still undecided. Concern about side effect was most reported reason among who had been not vaccinated their children and among undecided parents. The second reason for refusing the pandemic vaccine was concerns efficacy of the vaccine. Media was the only source of information about pandemic influenza in nearly one third of HCWs. Agreement with vaccine safety, self receipt of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine, and trust in Ministry of Health were found to be associated with the positive attitude toward vaccinating their children against pandemic influenza A/H1N1.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Persuading parents to accept a new vaccine seems not be easy even if they are HCWs. In order to overcome the barriers among HCWs related to pandemic vaccines, determination of their misinformation, attitudes and behaviors regarding the pandemic influenza vaccination is necessary. Efforts for orienting the HCWs to use evidence based scientific sources, rather than the media for information should be considered by the authorities.</p

Parental Alienation Syndrome

Children who have been programmed by one parent to be alienated from the other parent are commonly seen in the context of child-custody disputes. Its primary manifestation is the child’s campaign of denigration against a parent, a campaign that has no justification. It is said to result from a combination of a programming (brainwashing) parent’s indoctrinations and the child’s own contributions to the vilification of the targeted parent. Many evaluators use the term parental alienation syndrome to refer to the disorder engendered in such children. However, there is significant controversy going on about the validity of parental alienation syndrome. The purpose of this article has been to describe and help to differentiate parental alienation syndrome and abuse for mental health professionals working in the field, and discuss the arguments about the validity of this syndrome

The Efficacy of Venlafaxine in Treatment of Depression in Parkinson's Disease

Objective: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder appearing in Parkinson's Disease (PD) with an average prevalence rate almost 40-50 %. Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are currently used in the treatment of depression in patients with PD, but we have not found any studies in the literature regarding this treatment choice. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of venlafaxine, which is a SNRI antidepressant, in the treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease

Efficacy of Sertraline in the Treatment of Depression in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Objective: We investigated the efficacy and safety of sertraline in the treatment of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) without motor oscillations. Sertraline has less potential for pharmacokinetic drug interactions than other antidepressants and this feature ensures an tolerability profile especially in the elderly. Material and Methods: Sixteen patients with PD who were diagnosed with major depression according to DSM-IV criteria were included in this open-label trial for 8th weeks. Anti-parkinsonian medications have not been modified throughout the study period. Initial sertraline dose was 25 mg for the first week and then incrased to 50 mg given every morning. For assessment of depression, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were used and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr Scale were used for parkinsonism. Results: BDI and HAM-D scores decreased significantly (p= 0.000) and clinical global assessment of efficacy revealed "good" or "excellent" responses in all patients. Mean parkinsonian disability, as assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr Stage scales, remained unchanged throughout the study in the group as a whole. Conclusion: Although these preliminary results need to be confirmed in large placebo-controlled trials, the results of the present study suggest that sertraline does not worsen motor performance and may be useful in the treatment of depression in PD

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in rasmussen’s encephalitis

Rasmussen ensefalit beynin bir hemisterini ilgilendiren idiopatik kronik progresiv bir epileptik hastalıktır. Epilepsi kontrolü için tek tedaH hemisferek- tomidir. Proton Manyetik Rezonans spektroskopi beyinde çeşitli metabolitleri ölçerek tanışa katkı sağlaşan noninva- sif bir görüntüleme yöntemidir. Bu olgu sunumunda 2 yaşındaki erkek hastada Proton Manş erik Rezonans spektroskopi bulgularını inceledik. Elde edilen N-Aseıi! Aspartat düzeyindeki azalmanın nöroral aksona! hasara \e Kolin düzeyindeki yükselmenin mikroglial proliferasyona bağlı olabileceği düşünüldü.Rasmu ssen ' s encephalitis is a chronic, progre ssive ep ilepsy invo lving one hemisphere of the brai n, Only mean s of effective se izure co ntro l is hemispherectomy. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a noninvasive technique for the me asurem ent of various metabo lites in the brain . We eva luated Proton magne tic resonance spectrosco py findi ngs of a 2-ye ars old boy in this case report. Ass essed redu ction s in '.;-A cety l Aspartate are interpreted as bein g due to neuronal.axonal damage and dysfun ction, while increa sed choline leve ls may be the result of microgl ial prolifera tion

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in rasmussen’s encephalitis

Rasmussen ensefalit beynin bir hemisterini ilgilendiren idiopatik kronik progresiv bir epileptik hastalıktır. Epilepsi kontrolü için tek tedaH hemisferek- tomidir. Proton Manyetik Rezonans spektroskopi beyinde çeşitli metabolitleri ölçerek tanışa katkı sağlaşan noninva- sif bir görüntüleme yöntemidir. Bu olgu sunumunda 2 yaşındaki erkek hastada Proton Manş erik Rezonans spektroskopi bulgularını inceledik. Elde edilen N-Aseıi! Aspartat düzeyindeki azalmanın nöroral aksona! hasara \e Kolin düzeyindeki yükselmenin mikroglial proliferasyona bağlı olabileceği düşünüldü.Rasmu ssen ' s encephalitis is a chronic, progre ssive ep ilepsy invo lving one hemisphere of the brai n, Only mean s of effective se izure co ntro l is hemispherectomy. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a noninvasive technique for the me asurem ent of various metabo lites in the brain . We eva luated Proton magne tic resonance spectrosco py findi ngs of a 2-ye ars old boy in this case report. Ass essed redu ction s in '.;-A cety l Aspartate are interpreted as bein g due to neuronal.axonal damage and dysfun ction, while increa sed choline leve ls may be the result of microgl ial prolifera tion

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in rasmussen’s encephalitis

Rasmussen ensefalit beynin bir hemisterini ilgilendiren idiopatik kronik progresiv bir epileptik hastalıktır. Epilepsi kontrolü için tek tedaH hemisferek- tomidir. Proton Manyetik Rezonans spektroskopi beyinde çeşitli metabolitleri ölçerek tanışa katkı sağlaşan noninva- sif bir görüntüleme yöntemidir. Bu olgu sunumunda 2 yaşındaki erkek hastada Proton Manş erik Rezonans spektroskopi bulgularını inceledik. Elde edilen N-Aseıi! Aspartat düzeyindeki azalmanın nöroral aksona! hasara \e Kolin düzeyindeki yükselmenin mikroglial proliferasyona bağlı olabileceği düşünüldü.Rasmu ssen ' s encephalitis is a chronic, progre ssive ep ilepsy invo lving one hemisphere of the brai n, Only mean s of effective se izure co ntro l is hemispherectomy. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a noninvasive technique for the me asurem ent of various metabo lites in the brain . We eva luated Proton magne tic resonance spectrosco py findi ngs of a 2-ye ars old boy in this case report. Ass essed redu ction s in '.;-A cety l Aspartate are interpreted as bein g due to neuronal.axonal damage and dysfun ction, while increa sed choline leve ls may be the result of microgl ial prolifera tion