catena-Poly[[aqua­(ethyl anilinophospho­nato-κO)sodium(I)]-di-μ-aqua]

In the title compound, [Na(C8H11NO3P)(H2O)3]n, the sodium cation is octa­hedrally coordinated by five water mol­ecules and one O-bonded ethyl anilinophospho­nate anion. Four of the water mol­ecules bridge to adjacent sodium ions, resulting in an infinite chain of edge-sharing NaO6 polyhedra. A network of N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds helps to stabilize the crystal structure

Design driven user study workshop for Chinese startup innovation

The paper illustrates a serial user study workshop designed for startups seeking disruptive innovation and business opportunities based on the lean process from the point view of user-centered design approach. In the Chinese market, business process moves fast. The product development cycle is relatively short which makes it easy to be interrupted and changed. Making sure the product is targeting the right marketing segment is the key to business success. Therefore, innovation has to be created on the true needs of the accurate end users. User-centered design approaches have the natural advantage to forge innovation by defining the problems of the existing products usage for the users and creating the solution that seamlessly meets the potential demands of the product users. This capability of user-centered design is extremely suitable for the early stage of the startup innovation process especially in the customer identification, market positioning, and business model generation. User study is located in the core of this user-centered innovation process. Performing a good user study ensures the product is aimed at users’ needs, which guarantees once the product is given birth it is already well-positioned in the market sharing. This is the key to the success of startup business. In this paper, a serial workshop covers the topics from what are the user study methods suitable for the lean startup innovation, how to conduct an effective interview, and how to synthesize users’ insights and find new business opportunities. By doing the workshop we try to answer the following questions which ultimately influence the nurturing process in the incubator about how design thinking can intervene to create radical innovation in startup teams: why the design driven user study is so important to the startup business? What is design thinking in the non-design background startuper’s mind and how can they incorporate the mindset in the business operation? What Chinese business environment impacts in the innovation process and how could the startups position the empathy for the users as the key for the product success

catena-Poly[[[diaqua­cobalt(II)]bis­(μ-1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane-κ2 N:N′)] bis­(perchlorate) bis­(1,3-di-4-pyridyl­propane) bis­(2-methyl-4-nitro­aniline)]

In the title compound, {[Co(C13H14N2)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2·2C13H14N2·2C7H8N2O2}n, the CoII ion lies on a crystallographic inversion center and is coordinated by four N atoms from four symmetry-related 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane ligands and two O atoms from two water ligands in a slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination environment. The 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane ligands are doubly bridging and connect the CoII ions into one-dimensional chains. The asymmetric unit also contains one uncoordinated 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane mol­ecule, one 2-methyl-4-nitro­aniline mol­ecule and one perchlorate anion. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds connect the one-dimensional chains into a two-dimensional network

Diethyl­ammonium anilino(meth­oxy)­phosphinate

The title compound, [Et2NH2][(EtO)PO2(C6H5NH)] or C4H12N+·C8H11NO3P−, is a molecular salt with two anions containing PO3N groupings and two cations in the asymmetric unit. A network of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into a two-dimensional network

Lamellar thickness and stretching temperature dependency of cavitation in semicrystalline polymers

Polybutene-1 (PB-1), a typical semicrystalline polymer, in its stable form I shows a peculiar temperature dependent strain-whitening behavior when being stretched at different temperatures where the extent of strain-whitening weakens with the increasing of stretching temperature reaching a minima value followed by an increase at higher stretching temperatures. Correspondingly, a stronger strain-hardening phenomenon was observed at higher stretching temperatures. The strain-whitening phenomenon in semicrystalline polymers has its origin of cavitation process during stretching. In this work, the effect of crystalline lamellar thickness and stretching temperature on the cavitation process in PB-1 has been investigated by means of combined synchrotron ultrasmall-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering techniques. It was found that, with respect to the cavitation process, three modes of cavitation during the stretching process can be identified, namely no cavitation for sample with the thinnest lamellae where only shear yielding occurred, cavitation with reorientation for the samples stretched at lower temperatures and samples with thicker lamellae, and cavitation without reorientation for samples with thinner lamellae stretched at higher temperatures. The mode cavitation with reorientation occurs before yield point where the plate-like cavities start to be generated within the lamellar stacks with normal perpendicular to the stretching direction due to the blocky substructure of the crystalline lamellae and reorient gradually to the stretching direction after strain-hardening. The mode of cavitation without reorientation appears after yield point where ellipsoidal shaped cavities are generated in those lamellae stacks with normal parallel to the stretching direction followed by an improvement of their orientation at larger strains.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figure

Tetra­aqua­bis­[1-(3-carb­oxy­phen­yl)-4,4′-bipyridin-1-ium-κN 1′]zinc bis­(4,5-carb­oxy­benzene-1,2-dicarboxyl­ate) 2.5-hydrate

In the complex cation of the title compound, [Zn(C17H13N2O2)2(H2O)4](C10H4O8)2·2.5H2O, the ZnII atom, lying on an inversion center, is coordinated by two N atoms from two N-(3-carb­oxy­phen­yl)-4,4′-bipyridin-1-ium ligands and four water mol­ecules in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The pyromellitate anion is double deprotonated. O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the cations, anions and uncoordinated water mol­ecules into a three-dimensional supra­molecular network. One of the two lattice water molecules shows an occupancy of 0.25. An intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is present in the anion

Progress in constructing an open map generalization data set for deep learning

Recent pioneering works have shown the potential of a new deep-learning-backed paradigm for automated map generalization. However, this approach also puts a high demand on the availability of balanced and rich training sets. We present our design and progress of constructing an open training data set that can support relevant studies, collaborating with the Swiss Federal Office of Topography. The proposed data set will contain transitions of building and road generalization in Swiss maps at 1:25k, 1:50k, and 1:100k. By analyzing the generalization operators involved in these transitions, we also propose several challenges that can benefit from our proposed data set. Besides, we hope to also stimulate the production of further open data sets for deep-learning backed map generalization