Combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals that sugar, lipid, and phenylpropane metabolism are essential for male fertility in temperature-induced male sterile rice

Photoperiod- and thermosensitive genic male sterility (PTGMS) rice is a vital germplasm resource consisting of two-line hybrid rice in which light and temperature strictly control their fertility changes. Variable environmental conditions present huge risks to the two-lines hybrid seed production. Explaining the regulatory mechanism of male fertility in rice PTGMS lines is an essential prerequisite to ensuring food security production. A group of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of a rice PTGMS line unique to this research group was used for this study. These lines have the same genetic background and regulate male fertility by responding to different temperature changes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 315 upregulated genes and 391 regulated genes regulated male fertility in response to temperature changes, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly characterized in enrichment analysis as having roles in the metabolic pathways of sugar, lipid and phenylpropanoid. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that a lack of starch accumulation in sterile pollen grains induced by high temperature, with an abnormal exine development and a lack of inner pollen grains. Defective processes for sporopollenin synthesis, sporopollenin transport and pollen wall formation in sterile anthers were verified using qPCR. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that most lipids (phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids) and flavonoids (flavones and flavanones) were upregulated in fertile anthers and involved in pollen wall development and male fertility formation, while lignin G units and C-type lignin were the major contributors to pollen wall development. The coding genes for trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase, beta-1,3-glucanase, phospholipase D and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase are considered essential regulators in the process of male fertility formation. In conclusion, our results indicated that the expression of critical genes and accumulation of metabolites in the metabolism of sugar, lipid, and phenylpropanoid are essential for male fertility formation. The results provide new insights for addressing the negative effects of environmental variation on two-line hybrid rice production

文化领域中的新华社

Xi’an is magical and open. As the first of China’s ancient capital, it is a film of Chinese history, a graphic of Chinese culture and a chip of Chinese spirit. Such a city with human heritage through Xinhua News Agency’s series of reports, the biggest hit Xi’an is The love in the international community has also allowed people from all over the world to have a deeper understanding of this charming and cultural ancient city

Pregnancy‐related knowledge in women with epilepsy in childbearing age: A pilot questionnaire survey from China

Abstract Purpose We aim to understand the knowledge of and attitudes toward pregnancy issues among women with epilepsy (WWE) and their caregivers and analyze the answers from the questionnaire to expose topics that require educational activities; thus, WWE experiences pregnancy better. Methods WWE at their childbearing age and/or their caregivers who entered the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University for treatment of their condition were invited to fill out a questionnaire between March 1 and November 31, 2022. Results A combined total of 205 WWE and 142 caregivers completed the questionnaires. Among the surveyed WWE, a majority (63.74%) reported experiencing at least one miscarriage or induced abortion. However, a significant proportion (84.62%) of these WWE were still able to successfully give birth to at least one child. Furthermore, the offspring of these WWE showed no significant differences compared to the offspring of women without epilepsy, as reported by 93.51% of the participants. The participants’ knowledge regarding the impact of epilepsy on pregnancy was found to be comparable, with average scores of 7.74 and 7.84, respectively. The participants exhibited a limited comprehension of antiseizure medications (ASMs)‐related knowledge, specifically pertaining to ASMs adjustment during pregnancy (17.56% vs. 16.90%) and offspring outcomes (30.24% vs. 26.06%). Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between the overall score and education level (p < .001), as well as epilepsy duration (p = .008). Regarding the source of knowledge, participants acknowledged primarily relying on neurologists, who remained their preferred choice for consultation. Conclusion In our study, the understanding of pregnancy‐related knowledge did not differ from WWE and their caregivers, both are far from satisfactory in certain areas. It is urgent for WWE and their caregivers to improve their pregnancy‐related knowledge of epilepsy. As their primary access is from knowledgeable health care professionals like neurologists, well‐trained neurologists in epilepsy management during pregnancy are in need

Dietary Energy and Protein Levels Influence the Mutton Quality and Metabolomic Profile of the Yunshang Black Goat

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary energy and protein levels on the meat quality and metabolomic profile of Yunshang black goats. For this, 80 Yunshang black goats (male, 6 months old, with a mean live body weight of 35.82 ± 2.79 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial dietary arrangement. The dietary treatments were (1) high energy (9.74 MJ/kg) with high protein (12.99%) (HEHP), (2) high energy (9.76 MJ/kg) with low protein (10.01%) (HELP), (3) low energy (8.18 MJ/kg) with high protein (13.04%) (LEHP), and (4) low energy (8.14 MJ/kg) with low protein (10.05%) (LELP). The experiment lasted 64 days, including 14 days for dietary adaptation and a 50-day feeding trial. At the end of the experiment, four animals from each treatment were slaughtered to assess their meat quality and metabolomic profiles. The pH value was greater for the goats fed the LELP diet compared with the other treatments. The LEHP-fed group’s meat was brighter (L*) than that of the other three groups. The HEHP-fed group had considerably more tender meat (p longissimus muscle samples by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The hydropathy and volatilities of raw meat were different (p < 0.05), suggesting changes in the meat flavor because of the dietary treatments. Based on the results, it can be concluded that feeding a high-energy- and high-protein-containing diet improved the tenderness, flavor, and fatty acid contents of mutton

A Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor-Based Machine Learning Methods for Collapse and Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Wenchuan County, China

After the “5·12” Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, collapses and landslides have occurred continuously, resulting in the accumulation of a large quantity of loose sediment on slopes or in gullies, providing rich material source reserves for the occurrence of debris flow and flash flood disasters. Therefore, it is of great significance to build a collapse and landslide susceptibility evaluation model in Wenchuan County for local disaster prevention and mitigation. Taking Wenchuan County as the research object and according to the data of 1081 historical collapse and landslide disaster points, as well as the natural environment, this paper first selects six categories of environmental factors (13 environmental factors in total) including topography (slope, aspect, curvature, terrain relief, TWI), geological structure (lithology, soil type, distance to fault), meteorology and hydrology (rainfall, distance to river), seismic impact (PGA), ecological impact (NDVI), and impact of human activity (land use). It then builds three single models (LR, SVM, RF) and three CF-based hybrid models (CF-LR, CF-SVM, CF-RF), and makes a comparative analysis of the accuracy and reliability of the models, thereby obtaining the optimal model in the research area. Finally, this study discusses the contribution of environmental factors to the collapse and the landslide susceptibility prediction of the optimal model. The research results show that (1) the areas prone to extremely high collapse and landslide predicted by the six models (LR, CF-LR, SVM, CF-SVM, RF and CF-RF) have an area of 730.595 km2, 377.521 km2, 361.772 km2, 372.979 km2, 318.631 km2, and 306.51 km2, respectively, and the frequency ratio precision of collapses and landslides is 0.916, 0.938, 0.955, 0.956, 0.972, and 0.984, respectively; (2) the ranking of the comprehensive index based on the confusion matrix is CF-RF>RF>CF-SVM>CF-LR>SVM>LR and the ranking of the AUC value is CF-RF>RF>CF-SVM>CF-LR>SVM>LR. To a certain extent, the coupling models can improve precision more over the single models. The CF-RF model ranks the highest in all indexes, with a POA value of 257.046 and an AUC value of 0.946; (3) rainfall, soil type, and distance to river are the three most important environmental factors, accounting for 24.216%, 22.309%, and 11.41%, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of mountains and rock masses close to rivers in case of rainstorms in Wenchuan county and other similar areas prone to post-earthquake landslides

A Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor-Based Machine Learning Methods for Collapse and Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Wenchuan County, China

After the &ldquo;5&middot;12&rdquo; Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, collapses and landslides have occurred continuously, resulting in the accumulation of a large quantity of loose sediment on slopes or in gullies, providing rich material source reserves for the occurrence of debris flow and flash flood disasters. Therefore, it is of great significance to build a collapse and landslide susceptibility evaluation model in Wenchuan County for local disaster prevention and mitigation. Taking Wenchuan County as the research object and according to the data of 1081 historical collapse and landslide disaster points, as well as the natural environment, this paper first selects six categories of environmental factors (13 environmental factors in total) including topography (slope, aspect, curvature, terrain relief, TWI), geological structure (lithology, soil type, distance to fault), meteorology and hydrology (rainfall, distance to river), seismic impact (PGA), ecological impact (NDVI), and impact of human activity (land use). It then builds three single models (LR, SVM, RF) and three CF-based hybrid models (CF-LR, CF-SVM, CF-RF), and makes a comparative analysis of the accuracy and reliability of the models, thereby obtaining the optimal model in the research area. Finally, this study discusses the contribution of environmental factors to the collapse and the landslide susceptibility prediction of the optimal model. The research results show that (1) the areas prone to extremely high collapse and landslide predicted by the six models (LR, CF-LR, SVM, CF-SVM, RF and CF-RF) have an area of 730.595 km2, 377.521 km2, 361.772 km2, 372.979 km2, 318.631 km2, and 306.51 km2, respectively, and the frequency ratio precision of collapses and landslides is 0.916, 0.938, 0.955, 0.956, 0.972, and 0.984, respectively; (2) the ranking of the comprehensive index based on the confusion matrix is CF-RF&gt;RF&gt;CF-SVM&gt;CF-LR&gt;SVM&gt;LR and the ranking of the AUC value is CF-RF&gt;RF&gt;CF-SVM&gt;CF-LR&gt;SVM&gt;LR. To a certain extent, the coupling models can improve precision more over the single models. The CF-RF model ranks the highest in all indexes, with a POA value of 257.046 and an AUC value of 0.946; (3) rainfall, soil type, and distance to river are the three most important environmental factors, accounting for 24.216%, 22.309%, and 11.41%, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of mountains and rock masses close to rivers in case of rainstorms in Wenchuan county and other similar areas prone to post-earthquake landslides

Independent and dynamic manipulation of surface waves radiation for quadruplex polarization channels enabled by programmable coding metasurface

Flexible manipulation of surface waves (SWs) radiation has been continuously intriguing enormous interests of researchers due to its promising application prospects, and metasurfaces exhibit unparalleled capability to efficiently control SWs radiation. However, existing schemes still suffer from the bottlenecks of single radiation channel and immutable radiation pattern, which are difficult to satisfy the requirements of high-integration intelligent metadevices. Herein, an ingenious strategy of the SWs radiation metadevice is proposed to independently and dynamically manipulate SWs directional radiation in four polarization channels. The waveguide port and the guided wave structure are designed to excite and propagate the desired SWs, and the programmable coding metasurface can independently convert SWs into x-polarized radiation waves, y-polarized radiation waves, left-handed circular polarized radiation waves and right-handed circular polarized radiation waves and dynamically control the corresponding radiation angles by adjusting the ON/OFF states of two positive-intrinsic-negative diodes in each spin-decoupled meta-atom. Numerous simulation and experimental results of the proof-of-concept prototype are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions, which verify the feasibility of our proposed methodology. The innovative design of four-channel SWs radiation metadevice with high radiation efficiency and broad radiation bandwidth offers an excellent platform for flexibly manipulating SWs radiation, and possesses tremendous potential in engineering application

Chinese University Students’ Perspectives on Help-Seeking and Mental Health Counseling

Psychological distress and mental illness have become increasingly pervasive among Chinese university students. However, many university students who need mental health treatment or psychological support do not actively seek help from professional counselors or service providers, which could lead to poor mental health outcomes. To promote help-seeking, we undertook a qualitative study to understand Chinese university students’ perspectives on help-seeking and mental health counseling. We conducted 13 focus group interviews with students in six universities in Jinan, China, and altogether 91 (62%) female students, and 56 (38%) male students participated in the study. Our results indicate that students’ misconception and distrust of on-campus counseling, stigma of mental illness, low mental health literacy, and hard-to-access mental health services are the major barriers that impede students help-seeking behaviors. Internal struggles and systematic and organizational barriers are identified to shed light on future work to promote mental health literacy among Chinese university students.Applied Science, Faculty ofNon UBCNursing, School ofReviewedFacultyResearche

Additional file 1 of Intranasal delivery of phenytoin loaded layered double hydroxide nanoparticles improves therapeutic effect on epileptic seizures

Supplementary Material