Effect of FTY720 on the Tissue Microenvironments of Acute Spinal Cord Injury

Objectives: To observe the effect of FTY720 on the changes of tissue microenvironment after acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) in rats. Methods: A total of 168 female SD rats were randomly divided into A, B and C groups, with 56 rats in each group. In group A (Sham-operation group), only T9 laminectomy was performed without spinal cord injury, and 0.3 ml normal saline was given by gavage immediately after suture. Group B (control group) was given 0.3 ml normal saline by gavage, group C (treatment group) was given 0.3 ml FTY720 diluted in 3mg/kg normal saline by gavage. The rats were sacrificed at 6h, 12h, 24h, 72h, 7d and 21d after operation. The injured spinal cord (the corresponding part of group A) was taken for ultrathin section, and HE staining was used to observe the necrosis of the spinal cord, inflammatory cell infiltration, glial scar formation, and the size of the syringomyelia in each group. The ratio of syringomyelia area to spinal cord area was calculated 21 days after injury. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: HE staining showed that the morphology of the spinal cord in group A was normal at each time point: At 12h to 48h after operation, progressive edema of the spinal cord and liquefaction necrosis of the injured central area were observed, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration, mainly neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. At 12h and 72h after operation, the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in group B was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05). The degree of lymphocyte infiltration in group C was significantly lower than that in group B 12 hours after operation (P< 0.05). At 72 hours after operation, the central area of the injury had formed an unorganized structure cavity, and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated around the cavity, mainly microglia/monocytes. The number of glial scar cells in group B was significantly higher than that in group C (P < 0.05). The syringomyelia formed 21 days after operation. The syringomyelia ratio in group B was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05). Conclusions: FTY720 can significantly improve neurological function in rats after ASCI possibly by inhibiting the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury, thereby reducing the secondary injury of the spinal cord

CL-XABSA: Contrastive Learning for Cross-lingual Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis

As an extensive research in the field of Natural language processing (NLP), aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is the task of predicting the sentiment expressed in a text relative to the corresponding aspect. Unfortunately, most languages lack of sufficient annotation resources, thus more and more recent researchers focus on cross-lingual aspect-based sentiment analysis (XABSA). However, most recent researches only concentrate on cross-lingual data alignment instead of model alignment. To this end, we propose a novel framework, CL-XABSA: Contrastive Learning for Cross-lingual Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis. Specifically, we design two contrastive strategies, token level contrastive learning of token embeddings (TL-CTE) and sentiment level contrastive learning of token embeddings (SL-CTE), to regularize the semantic space of source and target language to be more uniform. Since our framework can receive datasets in multiple languages during training, our framework can be adapted not only for XABSA task, but also for multilingual aspect-based sentiment analysis (MABSA). To further improve the performance of our model, we perform knowledge distillation technology leveraging data from unlabeled target language. In the distillation XABSA task, we further explore the comparative effectiveness of different data (source dataset, translated dataset, and code-switched dataset). The results demonstrate that the proposed method has a certain improvement in the three tasks of XABSA, distillation XABSA and MABSA. For reproducibility, our code for this paper is available at https://github.com/GKLMIP/CL-XABSA

2,2-Dichloro-1-[(2R,5S)-5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]ethanone

In the title compound, C11H19Cl2NO2, the oxazolidine ring is in an envelope conformation with the O atom forming the flap. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains

Receptor compaction and GTPase rearrangement drive SRP-mediated cotranslational protein translocation into the ER

The conserved signal recognition particle (SRP) cotranslationally delivers ~30% of the proteome to the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The molecular mechanism by which eukaryotic SRP transitions from cargo recognition in the cytosol to protein translocation at the ER is not understood. Here, structural, biochemical, and single-molecule studies show that this transition requires multiple sequential conformational rearrangements in the targeting complex initiated by guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)–driven compaction of the SRP receptor (SR). Disruption of these rearrangements, particularly in mutant SRP54G226E linked to severe congenital neutropenia, uncouples the SRP/SR GTPase cycle from protein translocation. Structures of targeting intermediates reveal the molecular basis of early SRP-SR recognition and emphasize the role of eukaryote-specific elements in regulating targeting. Our results provide a molecular model for the structural and functional transitions of SRP throughout the targeting cycle and show that these transitions provide important points for biological regulation that can be perturbed in genetic diseases

Conception de schémas et récepteurs avancés pour le SCMA et la transmission MIMO non cohérente dans les futurs réseaux sans fil

Driven by the demand of connectivity and fast development of multimedia,the sixth generation (6G) of wireless networks has recently been under discussion.In this thesis, we study three promising schemes for the 6G, which are sparsecode multiple access (SCMA), non-coherent (NC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and single-user (SU) multidimensional transmission. Firstly, we work on the iterative multiuser detection (MUD) algorithms in both simple and highly overload SCMA transmission. Beside, we propose two pruning algorithms and introduce alow-complexity sphere decoding-based SCMA detector. Next, the Grassmannian constellation construction for NC MIMO systems is studied. Two autoencoder-based schemes are proposed and evaluated. Lastly, we take advantage of DL techniques and introduce a novel approach for designing multidimensional constellations in the SU multidimensional transmission.Poussée par la demande de connectivité et le développement rapide du multimédia, la sixième génération (6G) de réseaux sans fil a récemment fait l’objet de discussions. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions trois schémas prometteurs pour la 6G,qui sont l’accès multiple par code creux (SCMA), la transmission MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) non cohérente (NC) et la transmission multidimensionnelle à utilisateur unique (SU). Tout d’abord, nous travaillons sur les algorithmes itératifs de détection multi-utilisateurs (MUD) dans la transmission SCMA simple et fortement chargée. Par ailleurs, nous proposons deux algorithmes d’élagage et introduisons un détecteur SCMA base sur le décodage par sphères à faible complexité. Ensuite,nous étudions la construction de constellations Grassmanniennes pour les systèmes MIMO NC. Deux auto-encodeurs sont propos´es et évalués. Enfin, nous tirons parti des techniques DL et introduisons une nouvelle approche pour la conception de constellations multidimensionnelles dans la transmission multidimensionnelle SU