2,378 research outputs found
Preliminary design study of a quiet, high flow fan (QHF) stage
Concepts selected to reduce fan generated noise in a turbofan are presented. Near-sonic flow at the fan inlet to reduce upstream propagated noise and the use of long-chord vanes to reduce downstream noise is discussed. The near-sonic condition at the rotor inlet plane was achieved by designing for high specific mass flow and by maintaining the high flow at reduced power by variable stators and variable fan exhaust nozzle. The long-chord vanes reduce response to unsteady flow. The acoustic design showed that long-chord stators would significantly reduce turbofan source noise and that other stator design parameters have no appreciable effect on noise for the spacing and chord length of the turbofan design. Four rig flow paths studied in the aerodynamic preliminary design are discussed. Noise prediction results indicate that a turbofan powered aircraft would be under federal air regulations levels without any acoustic treatment
LensPerfect: Gravitational Lens Massmap Reconstructions Yielding Exact Reproduction of All Multiple Images
We present a new approach to gravitational lens massmap reconstruction. Our
massmap solutions perfectly reproduce the positions, fluxes, and shears of all
multiple images. And each massmap accurately recovers the underlying mass
distribution to a resolution limited by the number of multiple images detected.
We demonstrate our technique given a mock galaxy cluster similar to Abell 1689
which gravitationally lenses 19 mock background galaxies to produce 93 multiple
images. We also explore cases in which far fewer multiple images are observed,
such as four multiple images of a single galaxy. Massmap solutions are never
unique, and our method makes it possible to explore an extremely flexible range
of physical (and unphysical) solutions, all of which perfectly reproduce the
data given. Each reconfiguration of the source galaxies produces a new massmap
solution. An optimization routine is provided to find those source positions
(and redshifts, within uncertainties) which produce the "most physical" massmap
solution, according to a new figure of merit developed here. Our method imposes
no assumptions about the slope of the radial profile nor mass following light.
But unlike "non-parametric" grid-based methods, the number of free parameters
we solve for is only as many as the number of observable constraints (or
slightly greater if fluxes are constrained). For each set of source positions
and redshifts, massmap solutions are obtained "instantly" via direct matrix
inversion by smoothly interpolating the deflection field using a recently
developed mathematical technique. Our LensPerfect software is straightforward
and easy to use and is made publicly available via our website.Comment: 17 pages, 18 figures, accepted by ApJ. Software and full-color
version of paper available at http://www.its.caltech.edu/~coe/LensPerfect
Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 4 Number 7
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Jefferson Unit Honored by Army
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Critical Point-Finding Methods Reveal Gradient-Flat Regions of Deep Network Losses
Despite the fact that the loss functions of deep neural networks are highly
non-convex, gradient-based optimization algorithms converge to approximately
the same performance from many random initial points. One thread of work has
focused on explaining this phenomenon by characterizing the local curvature
near critical points of the loss function, where the gradients are near zero,
and demonstrating that neural network losses enjoy a no-bad-local-minima
property and an abundance of saddle points. We report here that the methods
used to find these putative critical points suffer from a bad local minima
problem of their own: they often converge to or pass through regions where the
gradient norm has a stationary point. We call these gradient-flat regions,
since they arise when the gradient is approximately in the kernel of the
Hessian, such that the loss is locally approximately linear, or flat, in the
direction of the gradient. We describe how the presence of these regions
necessitates care in both interpreting past results that claimed to find
critical points of neural network losses and in designing second-order methods
for optimizing neural networks.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
Self-healing in B12P2Â through Mediated Defect Recombination
Citation: Self-healing in B12P2 through Mediated Defect Recombination. S. P. Huber, E. Gullikson, C. D. Frye, J. H. Edgar, R. W. E. van de Kruijs, F. Bijkerk, and D. Prendergast. Chemistry of Materials 28 8415--8428 (2016) 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04075The icosahedral boride B12P2 has been reported to exhibit “self-healing” properties, after transmission electron microscopy recordings of sample surfaces, which were exposed to highly energetic particle beams, revealed little to no damage. In this work, employing calculations from first-principles within the density functional theory (DFT) framework, the structural characteristics of boron interstitial and vacancy defects in B12P2 are investigated. Using nudged elastic band simulations, the diffusion properties of interstitial and vacancy defects and their combination, in the form of Frenkel defect pairs, are studied. We find that boron icosahedra maintain their structural integrity even when in a degraded state in the presence of a vacancy or interstitial defect and that the diffusion activation energy for the recombination of an interstitial vacany pair can be as low as 3 meV, in line with the previously reported observation of “self-healing”
Anisotropic photo-induced magnetism of a thin film
A magneto-optically active thin film of RbCo[Fe(CN)]
HO has been prepared using a sequential assembly method. Upon
irradiation with light and at 5 K, the net magnetization of the film increased
when the surface of the film was oriented parallel to the external magnetic
field of 0.1 T. However, when the surface of the film was perpendicular to the
field, the net magnetization \emph{decreased} upon irradiation. The presence of
dipolar fields and the low-dimensional nature of the system are used to
describe the orientation dependence of the photo-induced magnetization. The
ability to increase or decrease the photo-induced magnetization by changing the
orientation of the system with respect to the field is a new phenomenon that
may be useful in future device applications.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl
Recommended from our members
Optimizing surface acoustic wave sensors for trace chemical detection
This paper describes several recent advances for fabricating coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors for applications requiring trace chemical detection. Specifically, we have demonstrated that high surface area microporous oxides can provide 100-fold improvements in SAW sensor responses compared with more typical polymeric coatings. In addition, we fabricated GaAs SAW devices with frequencies up to 500 MHz to provide greater sensitivity and an ideal substrate for integration with high-frequency electronics
Detection of defect populations in superhard semiconductor boron subphosphide B12P2Â through X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Citation: Detection of defect populations in superhard semiconductor boron subphosphide B12P2 through X-ray absorption spectroscopy. S. P. Huber, E. Gullikson, J. Meyer-Ilse, C. D. Frye, J. H. Edgar, R. W. E. van de Kruijs, F. Bijkerk, and D. Prendergast J. Mater. Chem. A 5 5737--5749 (2017) 10.1039/c6ta10935gRecent theoretical work has shown for the first time how the experimentally observed property of “self-healing” of the superhard semiconductor boron subphosphide (B12P2) arises through a process of mediated defect recombination. Experimental verification of the proposed mechanism would require a method that can detect and distinguish between the various defect populations that can exist in B12P2. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) is such a method and in this work we present experimentally collected spectra of B12P2samples with varying crystalline qualities. By simulating the X-ray spectroscopic signatures of potential crystallographic point defects from first-principles within the density functional theory framework, the presence of defect populations can be determined through spectroscopic fingerprinting. Our results find an increasing propensity for the presence of phosphorus vacancy defects in samples deposited at lower temperatures but no evidence for comparable populations of boron vacancies in all the samples that have been studied. The absence of large amounts of boron vacancies is in line with the “self-healing” property of B12P2
Real-time tomography mooring
A real-time tomography system has been developed which combines ocean acoustic tomography with satellite-based time keeping
and satellite telemetry. The basis of the system is the acoustic tomography transceiver and its associated acoustic navigation grid.
To this basic system, a link to the surface has been added to provide a pathway for telemetry of the tomographic data to shore and a downlink for satellite-derived time which is used to correct the transceiver's clock. The surface buoy contains a GPS receiver, clock comparator, system controller and multiple ID Argos transmitters. Processed tomography signals, transceiver location data time, time drift and surface buoy engineering data are transmitted to satellite using a total of 32 data buffers transmitted every eight minutes. The report describes the real-time tomography system in detail, with particular emphasis on the modifications
implemented to convert the standard tomography instrument to a real-time oceanographic tool.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Technology
under Contract No. N000-14-C-90-0098
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