The Innovative Gaildorf Wind-Water Project Guarantees Reliability of Power Supply

This chapter presents a pilot project, which is an innovative solution related to renewable energy sources (RES). It refers to the integrated system that covers a wind farm (4×3, 4 MW) and a pumped hydro storage PHS (16 MW). Environmental conditions and components of the system were characterised in structural and operational terms. The wind turbines that are part of the system are of considerable height (one of them is even the highest turbine in the world). This is partly the result of the hybrid construction of their towers. Around the bases, there are Bains, which function as a short-term energy storage with the total capacity of 160,000 m3 of water. The turbines were installed 200 m above sea level, and this also has a positive impact on their operational parameters. The short-term energy storage is connected with the long-term energy storage located in a valley by means of a pipeline. The response time for switching between the energy generation and storage functions is 30 s. The innovative nature of the project is determined by the short-term energy storage. The investment is fully automated. The hybrid power plant began its operation in 2018

Sposoby ujmowania kompetencji komunikacyjnej – jej geneza i rozwój w perspektywie sytuacji komunikacyjnej

Viewpoints on communicative competence – its origins and development in the perspective of communicational situationThe article attempts to classify views on communicative competence. It presents a hypothesis concerning its origins and development. The development of communicative competence is analyzed in the context of differentiation and consolidation of various forms of changeability of communicational situation. The article successively deals with the following issues: 1. Competence. Linguistic competence and communicative competence. 2. Viewpoints on communicative competence. 3. Origins and development of communicative competence. The conclusion touches upon the influence of effective interpersonal communication on the development of a human being

Sposoby i wymiary komunikowania interpersonalnego a rozwój człowieka

Ways and dimensions of interpersonal communication in human development The article discusses the problem of the relation between interpersonal communication and human development. The main focus is on the following:1. The nature of the relation between interpersonal communication and human development.2. The ways of interpersonal communication.3. The dimensions of communication and their influence on human development.4. The model of communication with the highest potential to develop

Investigation of spiral blood flow in a model of arterial stenosis

The spiral component of blood flow has both beneficial and detrimental effects in human circulatory system [Stonebridge PA, Brophy CM. Spiral laminar flow in arteries? Lancet 1991; 338: 1360–1]. We investigate the effects of the spiral blood flow in a model of three-dimensional arterial stenosis with a 75% cross-sectional area reduction at the centre by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. The standard κ–ω model is employed for simulation of the blood flow for the Reynolds number of 500 and 1000. We find that for Re = 500 the spiral component of the blood flow increases both the total pressure and velocity of the blood, and some significant differences are found between the wall shear stresses of the spiral and non-spiral induced flow downstream of the stenosis. The turbulent kinetic energy is reduced by the spiral flow as it induces the rotational stabilities in the forward flow. For Re = 1000 the tangential component of the blood velocity is most influenced by the spiral speed, but the effect of the spiral flow on the centreline turbulent kinetic energy and shear stress is mild. The results of the effects of the spiral flow are discussed in the paper along with the relevant pathological issues

Large-Eddy simulation of pulsatile blood flow

Large-Eddy simulation (LES) is performed to study pulsatile blood flow through a 3D model of arterial stenosis. The model is chosen as a simple channel with a biological type stenosis formed on the top wall. A sinusoidal non-additive type pulsation is assumed at the inlet of the model to generate time dependent oscillating flow in the channel and the Reynolds number of 1200, based on the channel height and the bulk velocity, is chosen in the simulations. We investigate in detail the transition-to-turbulent phenomena of the non-additive pulsatile blood flow downstream of the stenosis. Results show that the high level of flow recirculation associated with complex patterns of transient blood flow have a significant contribution to the generation of the turbulent fluctuations found in the post-stenosis region. The importance of using LES in modelling pulsatile blood flow is also assessed in the paper through the prediction of its sub-grid scale contributions. In addition, some important results of the flow physics are achieved from the simulations, these are presented in the paper in terms of blood flow velocity, pressure distribution, vortices, shear stress, turbulent fluctuations and energy spectra, along with their importance to the relevant medical pathophysiology

mRNA expression and immunohistochemical localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) in the muscular niche of Trichinella spiralis.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate iNOS mRNA expression in muscular phase of experimental trichinellosis and to localize iNOS protein in T. spiralis-infected muscles using specific anti-iNOS monoclonal antibodies. The expression of iNOS mRNA in skeletal muscles from Trichinella spiralis-infected mice was examined using the reverse transcription PCR assay. Fragments of skeletal muscles were also subjected to the immunohistochemical reaction using specific anti-iNOS monoclonal antibodies followed by Dako-Ark test. mRNA for iNOS measured on day 21 after infection was expressed in the muscular phase of trichinellosis. Positive immunostaining for iNOS occurred in infiltrating mononuclear cells around the encapsulated larvae. iNOS-positive cells could be traced from the 21st day post infection (dpi); on 42 dpi and 90 dpi most cells expressed iNOS. By assessing expression of protein and its mRNA it can be concluded that iNOS is active in the pathology of skeletal muscle tissue in experimental trichinellosis