Optimal adaptation strategies to face shocks on groundwater resources

We consider an exogenous and reversible shock to a groundwater resource, namely a decrease in the recharge rate of the aquifer. We compare optimal extraction paths and the social costs of optimal adaptation in two cases: under certainty, i.e. when the date of occurrence of the shock is known, and under uncertainty, when the date of occurrence of the shock is a random variable. We show that an increase in uncertainty leads to a decrease in precautionary behavior in the short run and to an increase in precautionary behavior in the long run. We apply our model to the particular case of the Western la Mancha aquifer in Spain. We show that, in this context, it is advantageous for the water agency to acquire information on the date of the shock, especially for high-intensity and intermediate-risk events

Terminales de autobuses España

This work deals with recent material of bus stations, promoted by the Ministry of Transport and Communications, and carried out in various Spanish provinces. As a consequence of their adaptation to the different requirements of each town, although all are different, they have one factor In common, on the one hand, their strategic emplacement near the railroad station, and, on the other hand, the choice of the systems and building materials, always of equality and easy maintenance, and in tone with the architectural characteristics of the area.En este trabajo se recogen las últimas realizaciones en materia de estaciones de autobuses, promovidas por el Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones, y llevadas a cabo en diversas provincias españolas. Como consecuencia de su adaptación a los diferentes requerimientos de cada población, aunque todas diferentes, tienen como factor común, por un lado, su emplazamiento estratégicamente situado cerca de la estación del ferrocarril y, por otro, la elección de los sistemas y materiales constructivos, siempre de calidad y fácil mantenimiento, y armonizados con las características arquitectónicas del entorno

Facultad de Economía de Viena/Austria

The construction of the Faculty of Economics of Vienna, with its 280,000 m2 of buildability, providing sufficient capacity for 10,000 students, has been greatly conditioned by its proximity to the railway station. Its linear architectonic composition, subdivided in accordance with the different functions carried out at the centre, arose from the need to combine educational activity with that of accommodating the students themselves, to which administrative and domestic activities had to be added. This configuration enabled independent areas to be set up which were optimum for each function, without interfering with one another. Taking the continual changes occurring in pedagogical methods as a starting point, a system of totally flexible compartmentalization was arrived at, which will allow the space to be suitably distributed according to the needs of the day.Fuertemente condicionada por la proximidad de una estación de ferrocarril se ha realizado la Facultad de Economía de Viena, que en sus 280.000 m2 de edificabilidad ofrece capacidad suficiente para unos 10.000 estudiantes. Su composición arquitectónica lineal, subdividida de acuerdo con las distintas funciones que se desarrollan en el centro, surgió de la necesidad de conjugar la actividad docente con la de alojamiento de los propios estudiantes, a las que había que añadir las actividades administrativas y de servicios. Esta configuración permitió crear zonas independientes, óptimas para cada función y sin interferencias entre sí. Partiendo de los continuos cambios que se producen en los métodos pedagógicos, se llegó a un sistema de compartimentación totalmente flexible, que permitirá la adecuada distribución de los espacios en función de las necesidades de cada momento

Asilo de ancianos «Hogar Santa Lucía» polígono de Cazoña/Santander/España

Not Available.Los 25.000 m2 de superficie total construida de este asilo se han distribuido en un edificio de siete niveles, que localiza las dependencias comunes y las comunicaciones verticales en un núcleo central, del que sobresalen dos cuerpos opuestos que albergan 208 dormitorios de distintas clases. Se diferencia de otros edificios de este tipo, de una parte, por su configuración arquitectónica y por su construcción, en las que se ha intentado conjugar una funcionalidad máxima con un mínimo de conservación y mantenimiento y, de otra, por el tratamiento dado a una serie de dependencias e instalaciones especificas, entre las que cabe destacar las salas de ancianos impedidos

On the Unification of Process Semantics: Logical Semantics

We continue with the task of obtaining a unifying view of process semantics by considering in this case the logical characterization of the semantics. We start by considering the classic linear time-branching time spectrum developed by R.J. van Glabbeek. He provided a logical characterization of most of the semantics in his spectrum but, without following a unique pattern. In this paper, we present a uniform logical characterization of all the semantics in the enlarged spectrum. The common structure of the formulas that constitute all the corresponding logics gives us a much clearer picture of the spectrum, clarifying the relations between the different semantics, and allows us to develop generic proofs of some general properties of the semantics.Comment: In Proceedings SOS 2011, arXiv:1108.279

LA PERSONA EN EL PROCESO DE MUERTE

One of the greatest aspects that nursing usually deal with in their daily practice is the death of the person they are looking alter, and in many cases is considered as a failure of the therapeutic and care action, and so rejected due to its traumatic aspect for professionals and clients of sanitary attention. The poor study of our responsibilities when taking care of a person, defined by V. Henderson as “the help to a dignified death” makes us think about the cycle health-illness-death, to comprehend a process where nursing professionals can and have to be a fundamental help for the patient and his family. In this work we have tried to reflect on death process from philosophy and anthropology, with the aim of defusing, assume and relate our practice to this reality social and professionally rejected to help a person to die decently.Uno de los grandes aspectos con los que, a menudo, se enfrenta la enfermería en su práctica diaria es la muerte de la persona cuidada, en muchos casos, considerada como un fracaso de la acción terapéutica y cuidadora, y por lo tanto rechazada, por su aspecto traumático, tanto para los profesionales como para los clientes de la atención sanitaria. El escaso abordaje de una de nuestras responsabilidades en el cuidado de la persona, expresamente definido por V. Henderson como “la ayuda a una muerte digna” nos obliga a reflexionar sobre esta realidad ineludible del ciclo Salud-enfermedad-muerte, a fin de comprender un proceso en el que los profesionales de enfermería podemos y debemos ser una ayuda fundamental, tanto para el paciente como para su entorno familiar. En este trabajo hemos intentado reflexionar sobre el proceso de muerte desde la filosofía y antropología, con el fin de desdramatizar, asumir y entroncar en nuestra práctica esta realidad, social y profesionalmente rechazada, para poder ayudar a la persona a morir dignamente

Comparative Study of Conductivity in Mid-Voltage Cable XLPE Insulation

It is well established that space charge conditions insulation lifetime. Because of this, space charge formation and relaxation processes characterization has become a very active research field, not only from an basic science point of view, but also in order to improve insulation performance in cable and other devices. In the case of mid-voltage power cable, crosslinked polyethylene is widely used as insulator. Service temperature of such cables is around 90°C, which in the case of the cable insulation studied is in the melting temperature range. In previous works it has been determined that at this temperature conductivity plays a relevant role in the space charge relaxation process, so that the characterization of conductive processes at service temperature may become important in order to enhance cable insulation performance. The aim of this work is to contribute to a better knowledge of the conductive properties of XLPE in both time and frequency domains

Measurements and estimation of the columnar optical depth of tropospheric aerosols in the UV spectral region

International audienceWe report values of the columnar tropospheric aerosol optical depth at UV wavelengths based on experimental measurements of the direct spectral irradiances carried out by a commercial spectroradiometer (Li1800 of Licor company) covering the range from 300?1100 nm at two stations with different climate characteristics in Spain. The first station is located in a rural site in north central Spain with continental climate. The data extend from March to the end of October of 1995. The other station is a coastal site in the Gulf of Cádiz (southwest Spain) of maritime climate type. This study is mainly focused on the capability of estimating aerosol optical depth values in the UV region based on the extracted information in the visible and near infrared ranges. A first method has been used based on the Ångström turbidity parameters. However, since this method requires detailed spectral information, a second method has also been used, based on the correlation between wavelengths. A correlation has been established between the experimental aerosol optical depth values at 350 nm and 500 nm wavelengths. Although the type of aerosol seems to be the key factor that determines the quality of these estimations, the evaluation of the associated error is necessary to know the behaviour of these estimations in each area of study

Annealing Effect on the Conductivity of XLPE Insulation in Power Cable

Conductivity () in XLPE insulation of power cables annealed at 90 ºC at temperatures between 50 and 97 ºC has been measured. In all cases there is an initial increase in conductivity that develops a maximum and finally decreases for long annealing times. This maximum appears in the sample annealed 20 days when conductivity is measured at 50 ºC and shifts gradually to higher annealing times up to 40 days when the measurement is performed at 97 ºC. A linear behavior of ln() versus T -1/4 is observed, which implies that the transport mechanism is basically via thermally assisted hopping conduction. Infrared spectroscopy indicates that, during annealing, some chemical species diffuse from the semiconducting shields (SC) into the XLPE. Thermally stimulated depolarization currents technique (TSDC) and intensity-current measurements (I-V) point out as well the presence of this diffusion process that becomes less significant after long annealing times. The initial increase in is explained in terms of the increase in traps density due to the diffusion process from the SC shields. Long term decrease in is justified by the observed decrease of diffusion rate for long annealing times