Survey of Family Law in Florida

The year 1987 brought only two Florida Supreme Court decisions in marital and family law

The morphology of human rod ERGs obtained by silent substitution stimulation

YesPurpose To record transient ERGs from the lightadapted human retina using silent substitution stimuli which selectively reflect the activity of rod photoreceptors. We aim to describe the morphology of these waveforms and examine how they are affected by the use of less selective stimuli and by retinal pathology. Methods Rod-isolating stimuli with square-wave temporal profiles (250/250 ms onset/offset) were presented using a 4 primary LED ganzfeld stimulator. Experiment 1: ERGs were recorded using a rodisolating stimulus (63 ph Td, rod contrast, Crod = 0.25) from a group (n = 20) of normal trichromatic observers. Experiment 2: Rod ERGs were recorded from a group (n = 5) using a rodisolating stimulus (Crod = 0.25) which varied in retinal illuminance from 40 to 10,000 ph Td. Experiment 3: ERGs were elicited using 2 kinds of nonisolating stimuli; (1) broadband and (2) rod-isolating stimuli which contained varying degrees of L- and M-cone excitation. Experiment 4: Rod ERGs were recorded from two patient groups with rod monochromacy (n = 3) and CSNB (type 1; n = 2). Results The rod-isolated ERGs elicited from normal subjects had a waveform with a positive onset component followed by a negative offset. Response amplitude was maximal at retinal illuminances\100 ph Td and was virtually abolished at 400 ph Td. The use of non-selective stimuli altered the ERG waveform eliciting more photopic-like ERG responses. Rod ERGs recorded from rod monochromats had similar features to those recorded from normal trichromats, in contrast to those recorded from participants with CSNB which had an electronegative appearance. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that ERGs elicited by silent substitution stimuli can selectively reflect the operation of rod photoreceptors in the normal, light-adapted human retina.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (KR1317/13-1) and Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) (01DN14009) provided financial support for JK

Design and materials for an electronic textbook for first-year Russian

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 1996Technology today is advancing at an astounding rate. Better hardware and software packages are being developed daily. It is not acceptable to simply use technology in teaching merely because it exists; technology must be integrated into education in a principled manner. This dissertation proposes a blueprint for an electronic textbook for teaching first-year Russian at the post-secondary level. The concepts explored are relevant to the teaching of other languages and topics as well.Chapter One presents the principles and theories of pedagogy and the specific requirements of language pedagogy. The importance of presenting information in a manner in which students can absorb it is discussed here, as well as the effects of individual learning styles. In Chapter Two, the qualities of existing textbooks are explored and contrasted with those of the electronic textbook; the electronic textbook is intended to provide more individualization and interactivity. Chapter Three deals specifically with the role of the computer in education and the changes that the widespread use of the computer will have on instructors and students. Chapter Four outlines the Russian materials which the electronic textbook will present and includes discussions of existing Russian textbooks. Chapter Five contains the conclusion and an overview of the computer demonstrations which have been included as pocket materials in the dissertation. These presentations provide a more concrete picture of the way the ideas developed in the dissertation will take shape.The creation and use of an electronic textbook represents the logical next step for language education. It will incorporate technological advances, supply instructors and students with a wide range of materials which can be modified as needed, and provide a laboratory for future research into language education