Evaluation of surface energy and radiation balance systems for FIFE

The energy balance and radiation balance components were determined at six sites during the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project Field Experiment (FIFE) conducted south of Manhattan, Kansas during the summer of 1987. The objectives were: to determine the effect of slope and aspect, throughout a growing season, on the magnitude of the surface energy balance fluxes as determined by the Energy Balance Method (EBM); to investigate the calculation of the soil heat flux density at the surface as calculated from the heat capacity and the thermal conductivity equations; and to evaluate the performance of the Surface Energy and Radiation Balance System (SERBS). A total of 17 variables were monitored at each site. They included net, solar (up and down), total hemispherical (up and down), and diffuse radiation, soil temperature and heat flux density, air and wet bulb temperature gradients, wind speed and direction, and precipitation. A preliminary analysis of the data, for the season, indicate that variables including net radiation, air temperature, vapor pressure, and wind speed were quite similar at the sites even though the sites were as much as 16 km apart and represented four cardinal slopes and the top of a ridge

Synchronization of Estrus in Swine

Greater production and efficiency of management in the livestock industry has increased the need for artificial breeding of farm animals. The solution to the development of artificial insemination in any species depends greatly on being able to preserve the semen for several days with minimum loss in fertilizing capacity. Synchronization of estrus could make swine artificial insemination practical and economical. Four separate experiments were conducted with a total of 176 gilts in an attempt to synchronize estrus and conception in gilts by use of exogenous hormones. The first experiment was conducted with 48 gilts. The two hormones used in this experiment was CAP and EE. The two compounds were mixed together for simultaneous feeding. No significant difference in the number of corpora lutea was found. The number of ovarian cysts was considered to be higher than normal. Litter size and embryonic survival did not appear to be affected by treatment. The second experiment fed the previously mentioned hormone compounds in sequence. Experiment three included injections of estradiol benzoate given to a portion of the gilts. The fourth experiment included feeding gilts CAP and then injecting them with HCG

Evaluation of surface energy and radiation balance systems on the Konza Prairie

Four Surface Energy and Radiation Balance Systems (SERBS) were installed and operated for two weeks in Kansas during July of 1986. Surface energy and radiation balances were investigated on six sites on the Konza Prairie about 3 km south of Manhattan, Kansas. Measurements were made to allow the computation of these radiation components: total solar and diffuse radiation, reflected solar radiation, net radiation, and longwave radiation upward and downward. Measurements were made to allow the computation of the sensible and latent heat fluxes by the Bowen ratio method using differential psychrometers on automatic exchange mechanisms. The report includes a description of the experimental sites, data acquisition systems and sensors, data acquisitions system operating instructions, and software used for data acquisition and analysis. In addition, data listings and plots of the energy balance components for all days and systems are given

Estrus Synchronization in Gilts

The idea of controlling the heat period of female farm animals is not new, but intensive research in this area had not started until just a few years ago. As interest in artificial insemination increased, the desirability of controlling (synchronizing) the estrous cycle of swine became evident. It was soon discovered that boar sperms could not be frozen and still retain their fertilizing capacity in a similar manner as used for dairy cattle or beef cattle sperm. While research in this country on freezing boar spermatozoa is making progress and scientists are optimistic there has been no major breakthrough in keeping the sperm viable beyond two to four days after collection. Controlling the estrous cycle would greatly enhance the artificial insemination program, especially if fresh semen must be used. Knowledge of the time of heat would permit the scheduling of semen collection, delivery of the semen to the farm, and insemination of the gilts. Several sows and gilts could be bred on one day by the technician rather than one or two animals at a time which would require several trips to breed the herd

Nitrates in Drinking Water

Nitrate poisoning in livestock is a recurring problem. In ruminants the bacteria are able to convert nitrates (NO3) to nitrites (NO2) in the gastrointestinal tract. If nitrite is present in large amounts it converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which has little or no oxygen- carrying capacity. The result in severe cases is asphyxiation. It is not known what effects nitrates may have on swine. Nitrate levels as high as 700 parts per million (ppm ) have been found in water samples from South Dakota. The probable ways nitrates get into drinking water are by natural means and pollution. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects these nitrates in the drinking water have on the performance of growing-finishing pigs

Gravity wave activity in the lower atmosphere: Seasonal and latitudinal variations

A climatology of gravity wave activity in the lower atmosphere based on high-resolution radiosonde measurements provided by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology is presented. These data are ideal for investigating gravity wave activity and its variation with position and time. Observations from 18 meteorological stations within Australia and Antarctica, covering a latitude range of 12°S – 68°S and a longitude range of 78°E – 159°E, are discussed. Vertical wavenumber power spectra of normalized temperature fluctuations are calculated within both the troposphere and the lower stratosphere and are compared with the predictions of current gravity wave saturation theories. Estimates of important model parameters such as the total gravity wave energy per unit mass are also presented. The vertical wavenumber power spectra are found to remain approximately invariant with time and geographic location with only one significant exception. Spectral amplitudes observed within the lower stratosphere are found to be consistent with theoretical expectations but the amplitudes observed within the troposphere are consistently larger than expected, often by as much as a factor of about 3. Seasonal variations of stratospheric wave energy per unit mass are identified with maxima occurring during the low-latitude wet season and during the midlatitude winter. These variations do not exceed a factor of about 2. Similar variations are not found in the troposphere where temperature fluctuations are likely to be contaminated by convection and inversions. The largest values of wave energy density are typically found near the tropopause.Simon J. Allen and Robert A. Vincen

Interviews with Carl T. Bode, Isabelle Fritschen, Joseph H. Hirt, Mary G. Hirt, and Minnie Campbell

Interviews with Carl T. Bode, Isabelle Fritschen, Joseph H. Hirt, Mary G. Hirt, and Minnie Campbell. The recording includes a variety of German-language songs. The last half of the recording is dedicated to Minnie Campbell telling about her time working for Mother Bickerdyke. The first few minutes of the recording are missing. 00:00:13 - Song, The Messenger Bird sung by Joseph H. Hirt and translated by Isabelle Fritschen 00:01:35 - Song, Birdie in the Window, sung by Mary Gertrude Hirt 00:02:59 - Story of Peter John Theilen\u27s experience in the Franco-Prussian War told by Joseph Hirt 00:05:27 - Grandfather\u27s experience with wild cattle told by Isabelle Fritschen 00:07:31 - Carl T. Bode introduction 00:08:46 - Nursery rhyme about hands 00:09:09 - The Cuckoo and the Donkey 00:09:42 - Sleep Baby Sleep 00:10:24 - Golden Evening Sun 00:11:00 - Beautiful Moon 00:12:10 - My Homeland 00:13:50 - Minnie Campbell Introduction 00:14:05 - Experiences as Mother Bickerdyke\u27s secretary 00:14:35 - Mother Bickerdyke\u27s 81st birthday celebration in Bunker Hill, KS 00:19:59 - Mother Bickerdyke\u27s portrait 00:23:55 - How Lydia Foster, Mother Bickerdyke\u27s Black maid came to live with her. 00:26:34 - Mother Bickerdyke\u27s death 00:29:34 - Mother Bickerdyke\u27s burial in Galesburg, Illinois 00:30:28 - Working for Mother Bickerdyke 00:34:01 - Going to School as a student of James Bickerdyke, Mother Bickerdyke\u27s son 00:35:26 - Decline of Bunker Hill, KS 00:37:15 - Russell stealing the county seat from Bunker Hill 00:38:09 - Closing of the Dorrance, KS bank 00:39:00 - Mother Bickerdyke\u27s personality 00:42:34 - Experience with Nina Brown Baker author of Cyclone in Calico 00:48:24 - Mother Bickerdyke Home for Widows and Children in Ellsworth, KS 00:51:13 - Post scripthttps://scholars.fhsu.edu/sackett/1014/thumbnail.jp

A study of the productivity of selected soils in Western Kansas

Digitized by Kansas State University Librarie

Plasma Cytokine and Growth Factor Profiling during Free Flap Transplantation

Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is an unavoidable condition during free flap transplantation. Restoration of blood flow is usually associated with a profound inflammatory response. Cytokines and growth factors are the functional proteins which exert their specific influence on injury or repair during the healing period. Plasma concentrations of 18 cytokines and growth factor proteins (IL6, IL8, IP10, TNFα, MCP1, Fractalkine, GRO, bFGF, GMCSF, IFNg, MIP1a, VEGF, sCD40L, IL10, TGFα, IL1β, IL12P40, and TNFβ) have been analyzed with respect to I/R status during microsurgery tissue transplantation in both, artery and vein, from patients by multiplexed immunoassay. Both technical feasibility and biostatistics data analysis approaches were thoroughly assessed. It has been found that, from all investigated proteins, the venous plasma levels of IL6 significantly increased during the ischemia period and mostly sustained their high levels during reperfusion, while venous plasma levels of IL8 showed in general a significant increase in the ischemia period followed by a rapid decrease in the reperfusion period. In conclusion, these findings direct toward an active involvement of tissue-resting leukocytes which may become therapeutic targets for concomitant medication in flap surgery to improve wound healing