Developmental language disorder: Early predictors, age for the diagnosis, and diagnostic tools. A scoping review

Background. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effective diagnostic tools in preschool children. Methods. We considered systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and primary observational studies with control groups on predictive, sensitivity and specificity values of screening and diagnostic tools and psycholinguistic measures for the assessment of DLD in preschool children. We identified 37 studies, consisting of 10 systematic reviews and 27 primary studies. Results. Delay in gesture production, receptive and/or expressive vocabulary, syntactic comprehension, or word combination up to 30 months emerged as early predictors of DLD, a family history of DLD appeared to be a major risk factor, and low socioeconomic status and environmental input were reported as risk factors with lower predictive power. Optimal time for screening is suggested between age 2 and 3, for diagnosis around age 4. Because of the high variability of sensitivity and specificity values, joint use of standardized and psycholinguistic measures is suggested to increase diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions. Monitoring risk situations and employing caregivers\u2019 reports, clinical assessment and multiple linguistic measures are fundamental for an early identification of DLD and timely interventions

Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America: A Review

Identification of species is crucial in understanding how diversity changes affect ecosystemic processes. Particularly, soil microbial are key factors of ecosystemic functioning .Among soil microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, phylum Glomeromycota) are worldwide distributed and form symbiotic associations with almost 80% of the vascular plants of the earth, except for one species, Geosiphon pyriformis, which associates with the cyanobacteria Nostoc. AMF comprise around 300 morphologically defined or 350–1000 molecularly defined taxa. Since AMF associate with aboveground community, their occurrence and composition can influence ecosystemic processes either through affecting plant community composition and thus its processes rates, or soil microbial communities, which are directly involved in nutrient cycling. Soil microorganisms are considered a potentially suitable target for studying regional and local effects on diversity. The symbiosis with AMF not only increases nutrient uptake by the plant of mainly phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in exchange for plant-assimilated carbon (C), but also improves the tolerance of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses such as pathogens, salinity, and drought

Potatura meccanica della vite: la qualità è possibile

Il successo della potatura meccanica è legato alla scelta corretta della tecnologia di meccanizzazione che va adattata in base al vitigno e alle condizioni operative. La vera sfida per la meccanizzazione è quindi aumentare l’efficienza produttiva mantenendo o migliorando la qualità dell’uva e del vin

PROCEDIMENTO DI STAMPA

L'invenzione concerne un innovativo procedimento di stampa su supporti realizzati principalmente in gomma di pneumatico da riciclo. Il procedimento consente di decorare mediante stampa ad inchiostro manufatti in gomma, da riciclo di pneumatico, realizzati senza aggiunta di alcun legante o materiale vergine. Il procedimento prevede l’utilizzo di polverino di gomma con o senza granuli

PROCEDIMENTO DI STAMPA

L'invenzione concerne un innovativo procedimento di stampa su supporti realizzati principalmente in gomma di pneumatico da riciclo. Il procedimento consente di decorare mediante stampa ad inchiostro manufatti in gomma, da riciclo di pneumatico, realizzati senza aggiunta di alcun legante o materiale vergine. Il procedimento prevede l’utilizzo di polverino di gomma con o senza granuli