Rekonstrukce výzkumné zplyňovací technologie na Výzkumném energetickém centru

Gasification technology was one of the first large projects of the Energy Research Center at the VSB - Technical University of Ostrava. The beginnings of the technology date back to 2006, when construction of the first version of the gasification plant with an autothermal generator was started. During these years of operation, a lot of testing was conducted on the technology to test different types of fuel (pellets from rice husks, pellets from miscanthus, straw pellets, RDF and many other types of fuels) and various modifications to the technology (testing of two cyclones, dolomite reactor testing, scrubber testing). Subsequently reconstructed gasification technology held tests by RDF fuel, wood pellet and mixtures of these fuels. The tests of the fuel was conducted at three temperatures (750, 850, 950 ° C).Zplyňovací technologie byla jedním z prvních velkých projektů Výzkumného energetického centra na Vysoké škole báňské - Technické univerzitě Ostrava. Počátky technologie se datují k roku 2006, kdy byla zahájena výstavba první verze zplyňovacího zařízení s autotermním generátorem. Během těchto let provozu bylo na technologii prováděno mnoho testů, kdy se zkoušely různé druhy paliv (pelety z rýžových slupek, pelety z miscantusu, pelety ze slámy, RDF a mnoho dalších druhů paliv) a byly prováděny různé úpravy na technologii (zkoušení dvou cyklonů, zkoušení dolomitového reaktoru, zkoušení vymývačky). Následně proběhly na rekonstruované technologii zplyňování testy paliva RDF, dřevěných pelet a směsi těchto paliv. Testy paliv probíhaly ve třech teplotách (750, 850, 950 °C)

The molecular complexity of G34.3+0.2

Recent observations of the Orion-KL region$^{1,2,3}$ have shown that the chemical distribution in the region is much more complex than originally thought. There are not just one nitrogen rich core and one diffuse oxygen rich region. But rather, at higher resolution, each of these regions breaks up into smaller more compact components associated with individual heating/energy sources. Additionally, one molecular species, acetone [\chem{(CH_3)_2CO}], has a distinctly different distribution from any other large molecular species. These results cannot be explained by current chemical models. In order to expand our understanding of the chemistry in complex regions like Orion-KL, we have observed four additional high mass star forming regions: W3, G34.3+0.2, W75N, and W51 e1/e2 at several spatial resolutions (1"" - 5""). The results of these multi-resolution observations (with an emphasis on G34.3), a comparison to the results from Orion-KL, and their implications for astrochemical models, will be presented.\\\\ \noindent{\footnotesize $^1$ Friedel, D. N. \& Snyder, L. E. “High-Resolution $\lambda$=1 mm CARMA Observations of Large Molecules in Orion-KL.” Astrophysical Journal, 2008, 673, 962\\ $^2$ Widicus Weaver, S. L. \& Friedel, D. N. “Complex Organic Molecules at High Spatial Resolution toward ORION-KL. I. Spatial Scales.” Astrophysical Journal Supplements, 2012, 201, 16\\ $^3$ Friedel, D. N. \& Widicus Weaver, S. L. “Complex Organic Molecules at High Spatial Resolution toward ORION-KL. II. Kinematics.” Astrophysical Journal Supplements, 2012, 201, 17}Ope

The Past-Future Asymmetry

As the past-future asymmetry – that fact that we have records of the past but not the future – is still a puzzle the aim of this paper is twofold: a) to explain the asymmetry and its status in philosophy and physics and to critically review the proposed solutions to this puzzle; b) to advance a dynamic solution to the puzzle (which is lacking in alternative proposals) in terms of the ‘universality’ of the entropy relation in statistical mechanics

Over- and under-investment according to different benchmarks

In a two-stage oligopoly, with investment in the first stage and quantity or price competition in the second stage, there is a kind of Folk Theorem: We find (i) over-investment if the goods are substitutes and competition is in strategic substitutes, (ii) under-investment if we have either complements instead of substitutes or strategic complements instead of strategic substitutes, and (iii) again over-investment if both attributes change. The existing literature, however, lacks a proof of this theorem and, in particular, it lacks a systematic comparison of the different benchmarks for over-and under-investment. A "naive" benchmark is the efficient investment with respect to the subgame perfect (closed loop) equilibrium quantities. Alternative benchmarks (which are more often proposed) are the open loop equilibrium investment or the welfare maximizing investment. The chosen benchmark is critical because the Folk Theorem applies (under certain conventional conditions) only for the naïve benchmark. The other two benchmarks require additional assumptions or the distinction of subcases. --Oligopoly,technology choice,efficiency,under-investment,overinvestment

Delta-Interference of Two Friedel Resonances

When a single resonator is coupled to a continuous spectrum one obtains a resonance of finite half-width. Such a resonance is known in many fields of physics. The Friedel resonance is an example where a d-impurity is dissolved in a simple metal. If two resonators are coupled to the continuous spectrum the resonances interfere. For identical coupling and frequencies one obtains two effective resonances. The effective coupling of one of them to the continuum can be tuned to zero yielding a delta-like resonance

A Compact Approximate Solution to the Friedel-Anderson Impuriy Problem

An approximate groundstate of the Anderson-Friedel impurity problem is presented in a very compact form. It requires solely the optimization of two localized electron states and consists of four Slater states (Slater determinants). The resulting singlet ground state energy lies far below the Anderson mean field solution and agrees well with the numerical results by Gunnarsson and Schoenhammer, who used an extensive 1/N_{f}-expansion for a spin 1/2 impurity with double occupancy of the impurity level. PACS: 85.20.Hr, 72.15.R

Phase transition between d-wave and anisotropic s-wave gaps in high temperature oxides superconductors

We study models for superconductivity with two interactions: $V^>$ due to antiferromagnetic(AF) fluctuations and $V^<$ due to phonons, in a weak coupling approach to the high temperature superconductivity. The nature of the two interactions are considerably different; $V^>$ is positive and sharply peaked at ($\pm\pi$,$\pm\pi$) while $V^<$ is negative and peaked at ($0,0$) due to weak phonon screening. We numerically find (a) weak BCS attraction is enough to have high critical temperature if a van Hove anomaly is at work, (b) $V^>$ (AF) is important to give d-wave superconductivity, (c) the gap order parameter $\Delta({\bf k})$ is constant(s-wave) at extremely overdope region and it changes to anisotropic s-wave as doping is reduced, (d) there exists a first order phase transition between d-wave and anisotropic s-wave gaps. These results are qualitatively in agreement with preceding works; they should be modified in the strongly underdope region by the presence of antiferromagnetic fluctuations and ensuing AF pseudogap.Comment: 4 pages in RevTex (double column), 4 figure

On the Allocative Efficiency of Ownership Unbundling

We analyze vertical structures where a regulated network operator serves n network users, and the network users compete in quantities for customers. We distinguish two cases: (i) none of the network users are related to the network operator (ownership unbundling), (ii) one of the network users is partially integrated with the operator and the others are disintegrated (legal unbundling). We seek to understand when ownership unbundling leads to lower customer prices, and formalize necessary conditions. In general, legal unbundling implies a less effective regulation, but it reduces the degree of market distortion caused by the difference between marginal costs and average costs (= regulated prices of network usage). We find that the necessary condition is not satisfied for realistic values of the relevant parameters, i.e. legal unbundling leads to lower costumer prices than ownership unbundling in most relevant markets. --Unbundling,vertical integration,Cournot competition

Competition and Security of Supply: Let Russia Buy into the European Gas Market!

We propose a model of the European gas market where the risk that Russian deliveries are interrupted is endogenized. While Russia's attempts to buy considerable parts of the European downstream industry have faced strong political opposition, we argue that Russian participation in the downstream market would decrease consumer prices and increase the security of supply. --Gas,Security of supply,competition