66 research outputs found
- shell gap reduction in neutron-rich systems and cross-shell excitations in O
Excited states in O were populated in the reaction
Be(C,) at Florida State University. Charged particles
were detected with a particle telescope consisting of 4 annularly segmented Si
surface barrier detectors and radiation was detected with the FSU
detector array. Five new states were observed below 6 MeV from the
- and -- coincidence data. Shell model
calculations suggest that most of the newly observed states are core-excited
1p-1h excitations across the shell gap. Comparisons between
experimental data and calculations for the neutron-rich O and F isotopes imply
a steady reduction of the - shell gap as neutrons are added
Radial orbit instability as a dissipation-induced phenomenon
This paper is devoted to Radial Orbit Instability in the context of
self-gravitating dynamical systems. We present this instability in the new
frame of Dissipation-Induced Instability theory. This allows us to obtain a
rather simple proof based on energetics arguments and to clarify the associated
physical mechanism.Comment: 15 pages. Published in Monthly Notices of the RAS by the Royal
Astronomical Society and Blackwell Publishing. Corrected for page style,
typos, and added reference
Shell structure at N=28 near the dripline: spectroscopy of Si, P and S
Measurements of the N=28 isotones 42Si, 43P and 44S using one- and two-proton
knockout reactions from the radioactive beam nuclei 44S and 46Ar are reported.
The knockout reaction cross sections for populating 42Si and 43P and a 184 keV
gamma-ray observed in 43P establish that the d_{3/2} and s_{1/2} proton orbits
are nearly degenerate in these nuclei and that there is a substantial Z=14
subshell closure separating these two orbits from the d_{5/2} orbit. The
increase in the inclusive two-proton knockout cross section from 42Si to 44S
demonstrates the importance of the availability of valence protons for
determining the cross section. New calculations of the two-proton knockout
reactions that include diffractive effects are presented. In addition, it is
proposed that a search for the d_{5/2} proton strength in 43P via a higher
statistics one-proton knockout experiment could help determine the size of the
Z=14 closure.Comment: Phys. Rev. C, in pres
A new variational approach to the stability of gravitational systems
We consider the three dimensional gravitational Vlasov Poisson system which
describes the mechanical state of a stellar system subject to its own gravity.
A well-known conjecture in astrophysics is that the steady state solutions
which are nonincreasing functions of their microscopic energy are nonlinearly
stable by the flow. This was proved at the linear level by several authors
based on the pioneering work by Antonov in 1961. Since then, standard
variational techniques based on concentration compactness methods as introduced
by P.-L. Lions in 1983 have led to the nonlinear stability of subclasses of
stationary solutions of ground state type.
In this paper, inspired by pioneering works from the physics litterature
(Lynden-Bell 94, Wiechen-Ziegler-Schindler MNRAS 88, Aly MNRAS 89), we use the
monotonicity of the Hamiltonian under generalized symmetric rearrangement
transformations to prove that non increasing steady solutions are local
minimizer of the Hamiltonian under equimeasurable constraints, and extract
compactness from suitable minimizing sequences. This implies the nonlinear
stability of nonincreasing anisotropic steady states under radially symmetric
perturbations
Stable ground states for the relativistic gravitational Vlasov-Poisson system
We consider the three dimensional gravitational Vlasov-Poisson (GVP) system
in both classical and relativistic cases. The classical problem is subcritical
in the natural energy space and the stability of a large class of ground states
has been derived by various authors. The relativistic problem is critical and
displays finite time blow up solutions. Using standard concentration
compactness techniques, we however show that the breaking of the scaling
symmetry allows the existence of stable relativistic ground states. A new
feature in our analysis which applies both to the classical and relativistic
problem is that the orbital stability of the ground states does not rely as
usual on an argument of uniqueness of suitable minimizers --which is mostly
unknown-- but on strong rigidity properties of the transport flow, and this
extends the class of minimizers for which orbital stability is now proved
The Orbital Stability of the Ground States and the Singularity Formation for the Gravitational Vlasov Poisson System
International audienceWe study the gravitational Vlasov Poisson system where , , \rho(x)=\int_{\RR^N} f(x,v)dxdv, in dimension . In dimension where the problem is subcritical, we prove using concentration compactness techniques that every minimizing sequence to a large class of minimization problems attained on steady states solutions are up to a translation shift relatively compact in the energy space. This implies in particular the orbital stability {\it in the energy space} of the spherically symmetric polytropes what improves the nonlinear stability results obtained for this class in \cite{Guo,GuoRein,Dol}. In dimension where the problem is critical, we obtain the polytropic steady states as best constant minimizers of a suitable Sobolev type inequality relating the kinetic and the potential energy. We then derive using an explicit pseudo-conformal symmetry the existence of critical mass finite time blow up solutions, and prove more generally a mass concentration phenomenon for finite time blow up solutions. This is the first result of description of a singularity formation in a Vlasov setting. The global structure of the problem is reminiscent to the one for the focusing non linear Schrödinger equation in the energy space
Orbital stability of spherical galactic models
International audienceWe consider the three dimensional gravitational Vlasov Poisson system which is a canonical model in astrophysics to describe the dynamics of galactic clusters. A well known conjecture is the stability of spherical models which are nonincreasing radially symmetric steady states solutions. This conjecture was proved at the linear level by several authors in the continuation of the breakthrough work by Antonov in 1961. In a previous work, we derived the stability of anisotropic models under {\it spherically symmetric perturbations} using fundamental monotonicity properties of the Hamiltonian under suitable generalized symmetric rearrangements first observed in the physics litterature. In this work, we show how this approach combined with a {\it new generalized} Antonov type coercivity property implies the orbital stability of spherical models under general perturbations
Improving diaper design to address incontinence associated dermatitis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Incontinence associated dermatitis (IAD) is an inflammatory skin disease mainly triggered by prolonged skin contact with urine, feces but also liberal detergent use when cleansing the skin. To minimize the epidermal barrier challenge we optimized the design of adult incontinence briefs. In the fluid absorption area we interposed a special type of acidic, curled-type of cellulose between the top sheet in contact with the skin and the absorption core beneath containing the polyacrylate superabsorber. The intention was to minimize disturbance of the already weak acid mantle of aged skin. We also employed air-permeable side panels to minimize skin occlusion and swelling of the stratum corneum.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The surface pH of diapers was measured after repeated wetting with a urine substitute fluid at the level of the top sheet. Occlusive effects and hydration of the stratum corneum were measured after a 4 hour application of different side panel materials by corneometry on human volunteers. Finally, we evaluated skin symptoms in 12 patients with preexisting IAD for 21 days following the institutional switch to the optimized diaper design. Local skin care protocols remained in place unchanged.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The improved design created a surface pH of 4.6 which was stable even after repeated wetting throughout a 5 hour period. The "standard design" briefs had values of 7.1, which is alkaline compared to the acidic surface of normal skin. Side panels made from non-woven material with an air-permeability of more than 1200 l/m<sup>2</sup>/s avoided excessive hydration of the stratum corneum when compared to the commonly employed air-impermeable plastic films. Resolution of pre-existing IAD skin lesions was noted in 8 out of 12 patients after the switch to the optimized brief design.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>An improved design of adult-type briefs can create an acidic pH on the surface and breathable side panels avoid over-hydration of the stratum corneum and occlusion. This may support the epidermal barrier function and may help to reduce the occurrence of IAD.</p
Ultralow Thermal Conductivity of Isotope-Doped Silicon Nanowires
The thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) is investigated by
molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. It is found that the thermal conductivity
of SiNWs can be reduced exponentially by isotopic defects at room temperature.
The thermal conductivity reaches the minimum, which is about 27% of that of
pure 28Si NW, when doped with fifty percent isotope atoms. The thermal
conductivity of isotopic-superlattice structured SiNWs depends clearly on the
period of superlattice. At a critical period of 1.09 nm, the thermal
conductivity is only 25% of the value of pure Si NW. An anomalous enhancement
of thermal conductivity is observed when the superlattice period is smaller
than this critical length. The ultra-low thermal conductivity of superlattice
structured SiNWs is explained with phonon spectrum theory.Comment: Nano Lett., ASAP Article 10.1021/nl0725998 S1530-6984(07)02599-4 Web
Release Date: December 21, 200
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