Guest-Host Relation Termination after Beginning of Journey

Can an automobile guest-host relation terminate en route after the beginning of the journey? In the few cases where this question has been raised, the fact situations usually have contained common characteristics. They often have involved: 1. An initial guest-host relation, 2. Careless or negligent driving on the part of the operator, 3. A demand to be let out of the car by the guest, 4. The ignoring of, or refusal to recognize the validity of such demand by the driver, 5. A subsequent accident resulting in injuries to the guest

Guest-Host Relation Termination after Beginning of Journey

Can an automobile guest-host relation terminate en route after the beginning of the journey? In the few cases where this question has been raised, the fact situations usually have contained common characteristics. They often have involved: 1. An initial guest-host relation, 2. Careless or negligent driving on the part of the operator, 3. A demand to be let out of the car by the guest, 4. The ignoring of, or refusal to recognize the validity of such demand by the driver, 5. A subsequent accident resulting in injuries to the guest

Workarounds in the Danish health sector:From tacit to explicit innovation

Drawing on actor-network theory (ANT) and science and technology studies (STS) and on ethnographic research in Denmark, we argue that how health care workers work around technologies can be conceptualized as tacit innovation – that is, practical expressions of active encounters with the complexity of work situations and therefore potential sources of sustainable and innovative work practices. The concept ‘invisible work’ is used to show that ‘what counts as work’ is bound up with technologies that are not neutral. Technologies, professionals, and patients implicitly co-constitute innovation processes, and we argue that in order to understand the potential of tacit innovation among health care workers, one must revisit the dichotomy between technology producers and technology end-users. The aim and contribution of this paper is thus to attempt to revitalize the discussion about technology workarounds as initiatives of tacit innovation, thus adding to the theoretical conceptualization of invisible work when technologies are used in health care work

Using Privacy Impact Assessment to Inspect Privacy Issues in a Smart Home

IoT has an ever-increasing amount of development as more and more different devices connect to the Internet and become IoT devices. For the regular private user, the smart home may be the most enticing domain of IoT as it can be used to ease their lives. Smart home and smart home devices are one of the subfields of the Internet of Things. They allow the inhabitants to control various home devices remotely from anywhere within the house or anywhere in the world at any particular time. Smart homes have several benefits. They are improving the quality of individuals' lives, as individuals can control their various smart devices at any time. In addition, a smart home allows individuals to have greater control of their energy use. Other pros of smart homes include complete control over devices, increased convenience, and insurance benefits. However, regardless of the many benefits of smart homes, they are also associated with various challenges. Security and privacy are significant challenges related to the smart home environment. This thesis will discuss the privacy impact of smart homes and smart devices. Four different devices have been included, and each device will be analyzed to conclude what private sensitive information they collect. Moreover, a privacy impact assessment (PIA) tool will be used to conclude whether our manual analysis of the devices was correct or not. Lastly, we will propose some solutions that we consider will increase the protection of users' privacy

Privacy in Smart Homes Using Privacy Impact Assessment to Inspect Privacy Issues in a Smart Home

IoT has an ever-increasing amount of development as more and more different devices connect to the Internet and become IoT devices. For the regular private user, the smart home may be the most enticing domain of IoT as it can be used to ease their lives. Smart home and smart home devices are one of the subfields of the Internet of Things. They allow the inhabitants to control various home devices remotely from anywhere within the house or anywhere in the world at any particular time. Smart homes have several benefits. They are improving the quality of individuals' lives, as individuals can control their various smart devices at any time. In addition, a smart home allows individuals to have greater control of their energy use. Other pros of smart homes include complete control over devices, increased convenience, and insurance benefits. However, regardless of the many benefits of smart homes, they are also associated with various challenges. Security and privacy are significant challenges related to the smart home environment. This thesis will discuss the privacy impact of smart homes and smart devices. Four different devices have been included, and each device will be analyzed to conclude what private sensitive information they collect. Moreover, a privacy impact assessment (PIA) tool will be used to conclude whether our manual analysis of the devices was correct or not. Lastly, we will propose some solutions that we consider will increase the protection of users' privacy

Reduction in mental distress among substance users receiving inpatient treatment

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Substance users being admitted to inpatient treatment experience a high level of mental distress. In this study we explored changes in mental distress during treatment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Mental distress, as measured by the HSCL-10, was registered at admission and at discharge among 164 substance users in inpatient treatment in Northern Norway. Predictors of reduction in mental distress were examined utilizing hierarchical regression analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found a significant reduction in mental distress in the sample, but the number of patients scoring above cut-off on the HSCL-10 at discharge was still much higher than in the general population. A more severe use of substances as measured by the AUDIT and the DUDIT, and being female, predicted a higher level of mental distress at admission to treatment as well as greater reduction in mental distress during treatment. Holding no education beyond 10 year compulsory school only predicted a reduction in mental distress.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The toxic and withdrawal effects of substances, level of education as well as gender, contributed to the differences in change in mental distress during treatment. Regression to the mean may in part explain some of the findings.</p

Methane emissions from western Siberian wetlands: heterogeneity and sensitivity to climate change

The prediction of methane emissions from high-latitude wetlands is important given concerns about their sensitivity to a warming climate. As a basis for the prediction of wetland methane emissions at regional scales, we coupled the variable infiltration capacity macroscale hydrological model (VIC) with the biosphere–energy-transfer–hydrology terrestrial ecosystem model (BETHY) and a wetland methane emissions model to make large-scale estimates of methane emissions as a function of soil temperature, water table depth, and net primary productivity (NPP), with a parameterization of the sub-grid heterogeneity of the water table depth based on TOPMODEL. We simulated the methane emissions from a 100 km × 100 km region of western Siberia surrounding the Bakchar Bog, for a retrospective baseline period of 1980–1999 and have evaluated their sensitivity to increases in temperature of 0–5 °C and increases in precipitation of 0–15%. The interactions of temperature and precipitation, through their effects on the water table depth, played an important role in determining methane emissions from these wetlands. The balance between these effects varied spatially, and their net effect depended in part on sub-grid topographic heterogeneity. Higher temperatures alone increased methane production in saturated areas, but caused those saturated areas to shrink in extent, resulting in a net reduction in methane emissions. Higher precipitation alone raised water tables and expanded the saturated area, resulting in a net increase in methane emissions. Combining a temperature increase of 3 °C and an increase of 10% in precipitation to represent climate conditions that may pertain in western Siberia at the end of this century resulted in roughly a doubling in annual emissions