39 research outputs found
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 inhibits insulin secretion from rodent beta cells through regulation of calbindin1 expression and reduced voltage-dependent calcium currents
The export of butter from Finland to Stockholm in the 1540s
Stockholms VĂ„gbok (weighingâhouse book) of the year 1548, Handelsregistren (trade registers) for the years 1545, 1546, 1549 and 1550 and the accounts for Varuhus och handling, Stockholm in Riksarkivet (the Swedish State Archives) were studied in order to try to establish the size and the imÂportance of the butter export from Finland to Stockholm in the 1540s. According to the weighingâhouse book (1548) 90 per cent of all the purchased butter with indicated place of origin (total amount 7000 lispund) came from Finland, especially from Satakunda (Satakunta), Egentliga Finland (VarsiÂnaisâSuomi), Ostrobothnia (Pohjanmaa) and Nyland (Uusimaa). The burghers were predominant in the butter trade except in Ostrobothnia (with no towns). The total supply from both wholesale trade butter and retail business butter in the 1540s appears in the trade register of 1546, where also the about 500 butter purchasers in Stockholm are recorded. Half of them were buyers for household use, who all together bought 5â10 per cent of all the butter on the Stockholm bridge (Skeppsbron), whence 16â17 000 lispund can be estimated to have come from Finland, which means more than twice as much as the wholesale trade butter recorded in the weighingâhouse book of 1548. The sharpened control of the peasant sailing at the middle of the 1540s forcing the peasant sailers to go to Stockholm, is likely to have effected a temporary increase in the Finnish butter supply. Finnish butter was also brought to Stockholm as taxation butter and was afterwards exported. About 80 per cent of the butter export from Stockholm to foreign countries during the second half of the 1540s consisted of Finnish butter
Geologisk 3D modellering avFile hajdar brottet, Slite
Located on the island of Gotland, Sweden, the File Hajdar limestone quarry is an important locality for domestic cement production. With depositional settings generally related to shallow sea carbonate ramps, the lithologies encountered on File Hajdar range from reef-associated limestone units to more basinal deposition of marls. As the depositional setting is related to the CaCO3-content (carbonate), which is an important property to consider during cement production, geological investigation of the area through conceptual 3D modelling could be a very powerful tool to enhance the general knowledge of the area or for planning future prospecting campaigns. Since the quality of the 3D model is related to the amount and quality of data utilized, data acquisition and management are very important steps in the construction of a 3D model. Two main campaigns with drill core extractions were done in 1993 and 1999, respectively. Along with resistivity data collected from skyTEM-measurements and ground surveys, subsurface geological information is quite extensive in the area. Using overall data and a reclassification of the lithologies, three main areas associated with reef complex deposition have been identified on File Hajdar. Corresponding to elevated resistivity measurements as well as classification in drill cores, two reef complexes centered around the quarry, have been described as the central- and southeastern reef complexes. Based on high resistivity anomalies in skyTEM-data along with field interpretations, the emplacement of a third reef complex is also interpreted in the northwestern parts of the study area (northwestern reef complex). However, as overall data is lacking at the location of the northwestern reef complex, further investigation is necessary before the relationship between the central- and northwestern reef complex can be fully investigated. Due to the generally indistinct transition between clay-rich limestone and marl, the subsurface boundary to the marl is rather insinuated. However, corresponding to low resistivity anomalies, outcroppings of the surfacing marl unit are outlined at the base of the File Hajdar rise. Future utilization of the produced 3D model could include the implementation of additional data or as a foundation during the planning of further prospecting campaigns in the area. Corresponding to the locations of the central- and northwestern reef complexes, these two areas are suggested to be most suitable for further investigation.Som en viktig komponent i cementproduktion har Gotland sedimentĂ€ra berggrund haft en historisk anknytning till kalstensutvinning. File hajdar brottet Ă€r belĂ€get ca 5 km vĂ€st om tĂ€torten Slite, pĂ„ nordöstra Gotland, och stĂ„r i dagslĂ€get helt för den lokala kalkstensutvinningen av Cementa AB. Kalkstensenheterna pĂ„ File hajdar kan generellt kopplas till revbildning under den geologiska silurperioden. Men baserat pĂ„ den interna relationen till de innersta revkropparna kan Ă€ven underklassificeringar av kalkstensenheterna konstrueras. Eftersom relationen till reven Ă€ven Ă€r kopplat till kalkstenens karbonathalt (CaCO3), vilket Ă€r en vĂ€sentlig bestĂ„ndsdel att beakta under cementproduktion, Ă€r det viktigt att urskilja mellan de olika kalkstensenheter som pĂ„trĂ€ffas pĂ„ File hajdar. En sĂ„dan urskillning kan visuellt uppnĂ„s om en konceptuell 3D-modell över geologin pĂ„ File hajdar brottet och dess omnejd konstrueras. Med data frĂ„n borrkĂ€rnor, framtagna under tvĂ„ prospekteringsprojekt, samt frĂ„n mĂ€tningar av berggrundens elektriska egenskaper kan man indirekt tolka geologin i omrĂ„det. DĂ„ det mer massiva revkropparna förvĂ€ntas ha sĂ€mre ledningsförmĂ„ga relativt de mer lerberikade mĂ€rgel- och kalkstenarna, kan man anknyta omrĂ„den med hög resistivitet (oförmĂ„ga att leda ström) till revstrukturer. FrĂ„n mĂ€tningar tolkas omrĂ„det norr- och söder om tĂ€kten inkludera större revstrukturer. Ăven nordvĂ€st om tĂ€kten kan man antyda att en större revstruktur Ă€r lokaliserad. Men eftersom den nordvĂ€stliga strukturen sakna större utstrĂ€ckning av data behöver denna studeras nĂ€rmare. DĂ„ övergĂ„ngen mellan den underliggande mĂ€rgelstenen och File hajdars ytliga kalkstenen sker gradvis blir grĂ€nsen mellan dessa tvĂ„ enheter svĂ„r att placera ut med nĂ„gon större sĂ€kerhet. Detta medför att den underliggande mĂ€rgelgrĂ€nsen bör betraktas som en generaliserad övergĂ„ng i den slutgiltiga 3D-modellen. Den resulterade 3D-modellen ger en bra överblick över den generella geologin som pĂ„trĂ€ffas i File hajdar omrĂ„det. Praktisk tillĂ€mpning av 3D-modellen kan exempelvis innefattar vidare tĂ€nktplanering eller fortsatt utvĂ€rdering av omrĂ„det genom implementering av mer data. Baserat pĂ„ 3D-modellen framstĂ€lls tvĂ„ förslag pĂ„ lokaler lĂ€mpliga för vidare undersökningar. Motsvarande placeringarna av de norra- och nordvĂ€stra rekvkropparna tolkas dessa utgöra potentiella omrĂ„den för kalkbrytning och i behov av ytterligare undersökning