Technical Bulletins: How to Survive Another Budget

This Technical Bulletin describes various approaches - including strategic planning, privatization, and reducing costs - that cities can take to stretch available financial resources to meet the needs of their community

Technical Bulletins: How to Reduce Phone Costs

This Technical Bulletin lists several possible steps intended to help cities reduce their telephone costs

Budget Manual for Tennessee Cities (1984)

This document was designed to assist in the preparation of the typical municipal budget and to provide a basic guideline for the municipal official in budget development

Budget Manual for Tennessee Cities

This document was designed to assist in the preparation of the typical municipal budget and to provide a basic guideline for the municipal official in budget development. The manual is basic and straight-forward, providing the necessary information to aid novices in the budget process as well as giving meaningful assistance to experienced budget managers

Effect of VPAC1 Blockade on Adipose Tissue Formation and Composition in Mouse Models of Nutritionally Induced Obesity

Background. The pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) may affect adipogenesis and adipose tissue formation through interaction with its G-protein-coupled receptor VPAC1. Methods. We have used a monoclonal antibody (MAb 23A11) blocking VPAC1 in mouse models of nutritionally induced obesity. Results. Administration of MAb 23A11 (25 mg/kg body weight i.p. twice weekly) to 5-week old male C57Bl/6 mice kept on a high-fat diet for 15 weeks had no significant effect on weight gain, nor on subcutaneous (SC) or gonadal (GON) adipose tissue mass, as compared to the control MAb 1C8. However, adipocyte hypertrophy was observed in SC adipose tissue of MAb 23A11 treated mice. In a second study, 24 weeks old obese mice were treated for 5 weeks with MAb 23A11, without effect on body weight or fat mass, as compared to treatment with MAb 1C8. In addition, MAb 23A11 had no significant effect on glucose tolerance or insulin resistance in lean or obese C57Bl/6 mice. Conclusion. Blocking VPAC1 does not significantly affect adipose tissue formation in mouse models of diet-induced obesity, although it may be associated with mild adipocyte hypertrophy

Loss of APOLD1: a new vascular bleeding disorder?

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