18 research outputs found
INDIAN EDUCATION: AN ETHNOHISTORICAL ANALYSIS
This study represents an ethnohistorical analysis of Indian education, one which follows the Hegelian format (thesis, antithesis, and synthesis). Toward this end the dissertation is divided into four sections: (1) An Analysis of American Education--social and historical perspectives, (2) Aboriginal Thesis--An ethnohistory of three tribes, the Cherokee, Athapaskan/Apache and Sioux, (3) The Accommodative Antithesis, and (4) The Multicultural Synthesis. The first section, An Analysis of American Education, is designed to touch upon the major theoretical and historical perspectives relevant to the study. This section provides a basis for comparison relevant to the subsequent sections. Majority/minority relations, a multidisciplinary look at education and a chronological analysis of educational development and corresponding Indian policies (Colonial, Early Republic, Reconstruction, Progressive and Technological eras) sets the stage for a more complete analysis of the other sections. The next section, Aboriginal Thesis, follows the ethnohistorical development of three traditional Indian groups from pre-Columbian contact up until the time of forced accommodation. This is a comparative analysis which is designed to illustrate the qualitative differences which exist between groups sharing a common epistemological methodology--that of the Harmony Ethos. Education here takes on the larger social definition that John Dewey, Robert Havighurst, Margaret Mead, Vine Deloria, Jr. and others advocated. The section focuses on the social education of the three largest and perhaps best known North American Indian groups--Cherokee, Athapaskan/Apache, and Plains Sioux. The Accommodative Antithesis follows with an analysis of Western-style models of Indian education and resocialization. This analysis follows the model presented in the first section discussing these developments within five time eras: Colonial, Early Republic, Reconstruction, Progressive and Technological. Consequently Indian schools are related to, and compared with, other educational developments within the United States. Moreover, these events are associated with corresponding Indian policy during these time spans. Types of Indian schools are discussed as well as Indian enrollment in public and private schools and the impact of major studies on Indian education. These include the Meriam and Kennedy reports as well as the more recent Indian Task Force Report. The concluding section, the Multicultural Synthesis, attempts to integrate the positive attributes of both the Aboriginal Thesis and the Accommodative Synthesis into a viable Indian educational orientation. The major focus of the section is directed toward pluralistic, or multicultural, education and socialization. This section involves considerable discussion of one innovative Indian education system in particular, that of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. In the final analysis we present an Indian education perspective, along with curriculum design, teacher preparation and multicultural counseling techniques, that supports both the unique cultural orientation of the Indian student while at the same time preparing these students to interact within the larger, majority society
MAKEDONIJA: PREŽIVLJAVANJE BALKANSKIH RATOVA OD 1991. DO 2002. GODINE I NJIHOVIH POSLJEDICA
Balkanski ratovi od 1991. do 2002. godine bili su najsmrtonosniji konflikti uEvropi od Drugog svjetskog rata kojima je dominiralo etniÄko ÄiÅ”Äenje i Äiji je rezultat biloĀ preko 100.000 mrtvih, veÄinom civila koji nisu uÄestvovali u borbama, uz preko millionĀ raseljenih iz svojih domova. VeÄinske strane u ratu od 1991. do 1996. godine bili su etniÄkiĀ Hrvati (rimokatolici), BoÅ”njaci (muslimani) i etniÄki Srbi (pravoslavci), dok su u ratu naĀ Kosovu u periodu 1999ā2002. bili ukljuÄeni Srbi i etniÄki Albanci (muslimani). Dok suĀ Hrvatska, Bosna i Hercegovina, Srbija i Kosovo dominirali kao meÄunarodno prepoznateĀ taÄke TreÄih balkanskih ratova, Makedonija je igrala znaÄajnu ulogu u raspadu bivÅ”e Jugoslavije,Ā osobito relevantnu u pogledu tretmana Roma, grupe koja je dugo vremena bilaĀ dio balkanske kulture, a koja je izrazito stradala tokom balkanskih ratova. Ipak, snage kojeĀ su skovale rjeÅ”enja za ove konfl ikte, Sjedinjene AmeriÄke Države, Evropska unija i UjedinjeniĀ narodi, u osnovi su ignorisale i Makedoniju i Rome. Prema tome, iako je MakedonijaĀ bila poÅ”teÄena konfl ikata tokom poÄetnih sukoba u periodu 1991ā1996, osim Å”to jeĀ odigrala važnu ulogu u zbrinjavanju raseljenih i izbjeglica, isti su je sustigli u kasnijemĀ dijelu TreÄih balkanskih ratova, i to kada se Kosovo odvajalo od Srbije
ETNIÄKO ÄIÅ ÄENJE I KRÅ ENJE LJUDSKIH PRAVA: KONCENTRACIONI LOGORI TOKOM RATA NA BALKANU 1992ā1995
Rat na Balkanu koji je trajao u periodu 1991ā1995 na podruÄju bivÅ”e Jugoslavijepredstavljao je najgoru ratnu krizu u Europi od Drugog svjetskog rata. EtniÄko ÄiÅ”Äenje,nasilno premjeÅ”tanje stotine hiljada civila postalo je glavna karakteristika tog sukoba.Osnovni metod provoÄenja etniÄkog ÄiÅ”Äenja se ogledao u nasilnom premjeÅ”tanjusektaÅ”kih rivala i njihovo zatvaranje u objekte koji su bili prenapuÄeni i u kojima su seprovodila redovna muÄenja, silovanja, izgladnjivanja i ubijanja. Sve strane, katolici āHrvati, muslimani ā BoÅ”njaci i pravoslavci ā Srbi, su uÄestvovali u ovim etniÄkim ÄiÅ”Äenjima.Ovaj Älanak naglaÅ”ava prirodu tih užasnih posljedica rata na Balkanu
ETHNIC CLEANSING AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS: CONCENTRATION CAMPS DURING THE BALKAN WARS OF 1992ā1995
The Balkan War of 1991ā1995 in the former Yugoslavia was the worst war-relatedcrisis in Europe since the Second World War. Clearly, ethnic cleansing, the forceddisplacement of hundreds of thousands of civilians, became the signature event of thisconfl ict. The main vehicle for ethnic cleansing was the forceful removal and internment ofsectarian rivals into facilities that were generally crowded and where torture, rape, starvation,and killings were commonplace events. All parties, Catholic Croats, Muslim Bosniaks,and Orthodox Christian Serbs, participated in these ethnic purges. This articlehighlights the nature of this unfortunate consequence of the Balkan Wars