Representações discursivas de educação ambiental: uma análise no âmbito da extensão universitária

Este texto investiga a inserção da Educação Ambiental (EA) na formação inicial de professores de ciências via projetos de extensão.  O referencial teórico metodológico adotado foi a Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), mais especificamente os trabalhos de Norman Fairclough. O objetivo do presente estudofoi caracterizar representações discursivas de EA no âmbito de dois projetos de extensão universitários que trabalham com EA. De forma geral, nos textos analisados encontramos representações discursivas híbridas de EA. Muitas vezes as atividades propostas nos textos estavam teoricamente orientadas pela EA crítica, buscando o empoderamento dos atores sociais, porém utilizando abordagens práticas desconectadas das discussões mais amplas da EA crítica, focando em conteúdos técnico-científicos ou em mudanças comportamentais

Research agenda to engage citizens in science through social media communicative observations

This article draws on the knowledge created by the coordinator of the H2020 project ALLINTERACT: Widening and diversifying citizen engagement in science. This project was selected and funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement No. 872396. This work was funded by ALLINTERACT, Widening and Diversifying Citizen Engagement in Science (European Commission, Horizon 2020) under grant agreement No 872396. This work was supported by the European Social Fund and the Spanish Agency of Research under Ramon y Cajal grant number RYC2018-025860-I.Social media has expanded the possibilities for citizens around the world to share knowledge and interact about scientific advancements, facilitating to raise public awareness of and interest in science. Amidst this context, scientists in all disciplines are intensifying the use of social media as a data source to capture what citizens express about their achievements, beyond dissemination purposes. Content analysis is the generalised method used by researchers to explore the interactions of citizens in social media about science. In this commentary paper, we explore the social media communicative observations as an emerging technique in the social media analytics to include the communicative dimension of science in the analysis of interactions between scientists and citizens. The implications to empower dialogically the social media communities interested in science are shared.European Union (EU) European Commission Joint Research Centre 872396ALLINTERACT, Widening and Diversifying Citizen Engagement in Science (European Commission Horizon 2020) 872396European Social Fund (ESF)Spanish Agency of Research under Ramon y Cajal RYC2018-025860-

Create Solidarity Networks: Dialogs in Reddit to Overcome Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Males

The emerging scientific literature examines masculinity and gender roles as risk factors for suicide ideation or suicide in young adults and adolescents. In this vein, recent studies show that certain traditional masculine norms are related to poorer mental health-related outcomes, which influences suicide and suicide ideation. This study contributes with new understandings about the associations between masculinity and suicidal ideation among males through Reddit debates in English. The posts with more interactions referring to masculinity in the topics gender and education have been selected on Reddit, emphasizing transformative personal experiences potentially helping avoid suicide ideation. Through the analysis of Reddit posts, it is shown how users can generate spaces to express the diverse ways to live with masculinity. The discussions on Reddit in the different areas selected demonstrate the existence of proposals on how to overcome fears and facilitate relaxation of norms regarding self-reliance to encourage help-seeking when feeling depressed and therefore at greater risk of suicide ideation. The results highlight the potential importance of platforms such as Reddit to create solidarity networks, showing multiple ways of being a man and demystifying dominant masculinity by sharing different experiences

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Representações discursivas de educação ambiental: uma análise no âmbito da extensão universitária

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1982-5153.2016v9n2p35This text investigating the inclusion of environmental education (EE) in pre-service science teacher training via extension projects. The theoretical and methodological framework adopted was the of Critical Discourse Analysis, specifically the work of Norman Fairclough The aim of the study were to characterize discursive representations of EA in scope of two university extension projects who work with EA. In general, the texts of the two projects analyzed are present hybrid discursive representations of EA. Often the activities proposed in the texts were theoretically targeted by critics EA, seeking the empowerment of social actors, but using practical approaches disconnected from broader discussions of critical environmental education, focusing on technical and scientific content or behavioral changesEste texto investiga a inserção da Educação Ambiental (EA) na formação inicial de professores de ciências via projetos de extensão.  O referencial teórico metodológico adotado foi a Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), mais especificamente os trabalhos de Norman Fairclough. O objetivo do presente estudofoi caracterizar representações discursivas de EA no âmbito de dois projetos de extensão universitários que trabalham com EA. De forma geral, nos textos analisados encontramos representações discursivas híbridas de EA. Muitas vezes as atividades propostas nos textos estavam teoricamente orientadas pela EA crítica, buscando o empoderamento dos atores sociais, porém utilizando abordagens práticas desconectadas das discussões mais amplas da EA crítica, focando em conteúdos técnico-científicos ou em mudanças comportamentais

Altitudinal and temporal distribution of Plagiometriona Spaeth, 1899 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) in a tropical forest in southeast Brazil

Species richness and abundance of seven Plagiometriona species on their host plants were studied along a single trail in the mountainous Serra dos Órgãos National Park in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Six sites were chosen along an altitudinal gradient ranging from 1300 m to 2050 m, where all Solanaceae host plants were inspected in search of adults every two months from June 2006 to June 2007. Species richness did not vary clearly with altitude, but abundance increased up to 1800 m, where the highest mean host plant density was found, and abruptly decreased at the last elevational site. Most species showed a restricted distribution and just one occurred across the entire gradient. For at least four species, altitudinal distribution seems to be strongly related to host plant availability, while for the others it is difficult to access which factors are decisive, due to their low numbers. Only in October all species were found in the field, although February was the month with the highest total abundance. Over the course of the study, the greatest abundances were recorded from October to February, comprehending the hottest and rainiest months, and the lowest abundances were found from June to August, which include the coldest and driest months. Thus, species seasonal distribution, supported by other studies in the same area, seems to be related to the local climate

S202 Investigamos como professores em formação inicial representam controvérsias sociocientíficas (CS). Uma oficina sobre o tema mudanças climáticas (MC) foi cenário empírico. A atividade final foi a elaboração de uma sequência didática para desenvolver o

Investigamos como professores em formação inicial representam controvérsias sociocientíficas (CS). Uma oficina sobre o tema mudanças climáticas (MC) foi cenário empírico. A atividade final foi a elaboração de uma sequência didática para desenvolver o tema MC. Foram selecionadas duas sequências como corpus de análise, que foram analisadas quanto a: (i) escolhas didáticas para representar MC (ii)natureza da abordagem do tema. Como resultados identificamos escolhas didáticas como filmes e atividades em campo. Uma delas traz em sua proposta elementos que caracterizam as CS, enquanto a outra privilegia a abordagem antropogênica das MC. Apontamos desafios para a inovação em sala de aula que extrapolam a realização da formação docente e levam à reflexão sobre questões estruturais do sistema escolar que constrangem escolhas docentes e tensionam o espaço para as CS em sala de aula. &nbsp

ABORDAGENS DO TEMA MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS NAS PESQUISAS EM ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS

O tema mudanças climáticas constitui um objeto de investigação em diferentes áreas, incluindo o ensino de ciências. Neste trabalho, buscamos descrever diferentes abordagens das mudanças climáticas nas pesquisas em ensino de ciências. Para tanto, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico em revistas da área do ensino de ciências e em trabalhos completos apresentados no ENPEC, no período de 2004 a 2014. Foram levantadas 15 publicações, nas quais observamos que o tema mudanças climáticas é trabalhado a partir da noção de temas controversos; com objetivos de divulgação científica; por meio de processos de alfabetização científica ou por meio da contextualização de conteúdos do ensino de ciências. Palavras-chave: Mudanças Climáticas. Ensino de Ciências. Controvérsias Sociocientíficas. Levantamento Bibliográfico

S502 Educação Ambiental na formação inicial de professores: uma abordagem a partir das controvérsias sociocientíficas das mudanças climáticas

Caracterizamos a educação ambiental (EA) nos processos de formação docente. O cenário empírico foi uma oficina sobre MC para nove participantes. Analisamos as propostas das atividades e as abordagens da EA. Observamos propostas pedagógicas como utilização de trilha e que a discussão sobre as controvérsias sociocientíficas sobre MC pareceu ser um tema novo para os participantes. Quanto à abordagem de EA, apesar do curso ter a intenção de uma abordagem voltada para crítica ao modelo de desenvolvimento, as preocupações pedagógicas com a formação para conscientização dos estudantes da escola básica foram as representadas. As contribuições do estudo permitem potencializar uma abordagem nos processos de formação docente que integre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade tendo como foco questões ambientais contemporânea