125 research outputs found

    O vírus linfotrópico de células T humanos tipo 1 (HTLV-1): Quando suspeitar da infecção?

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    A infecção pelo vĂ­rus linfotrĂłpico de cĂ©lulas T humanas (HTLV) ocorre hĂĄ milhares de anos. No entanto, o conhecimento sobre a sua patogĂȘnese Ă© recente. Esse vĂ­rus Ă© endĂȘmico em vĂĄrias regiĂ”es do mundo. No Brasil encontra-se presente em todos os estados, com prevalĂȘncias variadas, sendo estimado cerca de 2,5 milhĂ”es de infectados. Fatores genĂ©ticos e imunolĂłgicos do hospedeiro sĂŁo os principais responsĂĄveis pelas manifestaçÔes clĂ­nicas associadas, que podem ser divididas em trĂȘs categorias: neoplĂĄsicas, inflamatĂłrias e infecciosas. Destacam-se a mielopatia associada ao HTLV (HAM/TSP) e a leucemia/linfoma de cĂ©lulas T do adulto (ATLL) como as primeiras doenças associadas a esse retrovĂ­rus. Posteriormente, inĂșmeras outras doenças tĂȘm sido correlacionadas a esse vĂ­rus. Esta revisĂŁo atualiza conhecimentos epidemiolĂłgicos, fisiopatolĂłgicos, terapĂȘuticos e principalmente diagnĂłsticos do HTLV. O objetivo Ă© permitir a suspeita etiolĂłgica do HTLV em suas diversas manifestaçÔes clĂ­nicas, hoje pouco correlacionadas com este agente.Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) infection has occurred for thousands of years. However, knowledge about this pathogenesis is recent. This virus is endemic worldwide. In Brazil it is present throughout the country , with different prevalence and about 2 5 million infected. Genetic and immunologic characteristics of the host are chiefly responsible for clinically associated manifestations which may be: neoplasic, inflammatory and infectious diseases. HTLV associated myelopathy (TSP/ HAM) and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) stand out as the first diseases associated to this retrovirus. Further, several diseases have been correlated to this virus. This review updates epidemiologic, physiopathologic, therapeutic and diagnostic knowledge of HTLV. The purose is to orient suspicion of HTLV etiology and several clinically associated manifestations, which currenty are seldom correlated with this virus

    Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of radial torsion angle measurements by a new and alternative method with computed tomography

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    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of radial torsion angle measurement using computed tomography. METHODS: Twelve pairs of cadaver radii and 116 forearms from 58 healthy volunteers were evaluated using axial computed tomography sections measured at the level of the bicipital tuberosity and the subchondral region of the radius. During digital imaging, the angle was formed by two lines, one diametrically perpendicular to the radial tubercle and the other tangential to the volar rim of the distal joint surface. Measurements were performed twice each by three observers. RESULTS: In cadaveric bones, the mean radial torsion angle was 1.48Âș (-6Âș - 9Âș) on the right and 1.62Âș (-6 Âș - 8Âș) on the left, with a mean difference between the right and left sides of 1.61Âș (0Âș - 8Âș). In volunteers, the mean radial torsion angle was 3.00° (-17° - 17°) on the right and 2.91° (-16°- 15°) on the left, with a mean difference between the sides of 1.58Âș (0Âș - 7Âș). There was no significant difference between each side. The interobserver correlation coefficient for the cadaver radii measurements was 0.88 (0.72 - 0.96) and 0.81 (0.58 - 0.93) for the right and left radius, respectively, while for the volunteers, the difference was 0.84 (0.77 - 0.90) and 0.83 (0.75 - 0.89), respectively. Intraobserver reliability was high. CONCLUSION: The described method is reproducible and applicable even when the radial tubercle has a rounded contour

    Eliminação de cålculos biliares pela via urinåria: uma complicação da colecistectomia laparoscópica

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    The introduction and popularization of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been accompanied with a considerable increase in perforation of gallbladder during this procedure (10%--32%), with the occurrence of intraperitoneal bile spillage and the consequent increase in the incidence of lost gallstones (0.2%--20%). Recently the complications associated with these stones have been documented in the literature. We report a rare complication occurring in an 81-year-old woman who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and developed cutaneous fistula to the umbilicus and elimination of biliary stones through the urinary tract. During the cholecystectomy, the gall bladder was perforated, and bile and gallstones were spilled into the peritoneal cavity. Two months after the initial procedure there was exteriorization of fistula through the umbilicus, with intermittent elimination of biliary stones. After eleven months, acute urinary retention occurred due to biliary stones in the bladder, which were removed by cystoscopy. We conclude that efforts should be concentrated on avoiding the spillage of stones during the surgery, and that no rules exist for indicating a laparotomy simply to retrieve these lost gallstones.Com a introdução e popularização da colecistectomia por via laparoscĂłpica houve um aumento considerĂĄvel na taxa de perfuração da vesĂ­cula biliar durante o procedimento, determinando o derramamento de bile na cavidade peritoneal e consequente aumento da incidĂȘncia de cĂĄlculos biliares perdidos na cavidade. Recentemente, as complicaçÔes associadas com estes cĂĄlculos vĂȘm sendo estabelecidas na literatura. Os autores relatam uma complicação rara ocorrida em uma paciente de 81 anos que foi submetida Ă  colecistectomia laparoscĂłpica e apresentou no pĂłs-operatĂłrio uma fĂ­stula cutĂąnea para a cicatriz umbilical e eliminação de cĂĄlculos biliares pelo trato urinĂĄrio. ConcluĂ­mos que Ă© importante evitar o derramamento de cĂĄlculos durante a cirurgia, porĂ©m a laparotomia nĂŁo deve ser indicada simplesmente para retirada de cĂĄlculos perdidos durante a colecistectomia laparoscĂłpica

    Comparison of Fetal Nuchal Fold Thickness Measurements by Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography (3DXI Multislice View)

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    Purpose. To compare the measurements of fetal nuchal fold (NF) thickness by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography using the three-dimensional extended imaging (3DXI). Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed with 60 healthy pregnant women with a gestational age between 16 and 20 weeks and 6 days. The 2D-NF measurements were made as the distance from the outer skull bone to the outer skin surface in the transverse axial image in the suboccipital-bregmatic plane of the head. For the 3D we employed the 3DXI multislice view software, in which 3 × 2 tomographic planes was displayed on the screen and the distance between the tomographic slices was 0.5 mm. Maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation were calculated for 2D and 3D ultrasonography, as well the maximum and minimum, mean, and standard deviation for the difference between both methods. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the two different techniques. Results. 2D-NF showed a mean of thickness of 3.52 ± 0.95 mm (1.69–7.14). The mean of 3D-NF was 3.90 ± 1.02 mm (2.13–7.72). The mean difference between the methods was 0.38 mm, with a maximum difference of 3.12 mm. Conclusion. The NF thickness measurements obtained by 3D ultrasonography were significantly larger than those detected with 2D ultrasonography

    As atividades turísticas baseadas na alimentação artificial de botos-da-AmazÎnia (Inia geoffrensis) e a legislação ambiental brasileira

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    A atividade turĂ­stica de interação ser humano-boto-da-AmazĂŽnia (Inia geoffrensis), baseada na prĂĄtica do condicionamento por meio da alimentação artificial, vem aumentando quantitativamente nos Ășltimos anos, assim como a literatura que descreve os seus efeitos negativos. O objetivo deste trabalho Ă© avaliar essa atividade Ă  luz da legislação ambiental, tomando como estudo de caso o Parque Nacional de Anavilhanas (PNA), localizado em Novo AirĂŁo, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. A partir de consultas Ă  literatura especializada, da leitura do arcabouço legal e da anĂĄlise de material empĂ­rico, constata-se que i) legalmente, esta prĂĄtica estĂĄ em conflito com alguns aspectos da legislação ambiental, conceitos de ecoturismo e funçÔes das Unidades de Conservação, e ii) administrativamente, os ĂłrgĂŁos ambientais responsĂĄveis vĂȘm tomando as medidas necessĂĄrias para a mitigação dos impactos negativos e conduzindo açÔes graduais visando adequar as atividades turĂ­sticas Ă  legislação ambiental vigente. Conclui-se afirmando que muito ainda deve ser feito para que o modelo de turismo com botos na AmazĂŽnia seja desenvolvido de forma sustentĂĄvel, sugerindo-se que o conjunto de açÔes heterogĂȘneas propostas seja implementado para este fim

    AvulsĂŁo Dental

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    Objetivo: Fornecer informaçÔes de interesse clĂ­nico sobre as consequĂȘncias, diretrizes de tratamento e prognĂłstico desta luxação total na dentição decĂ­dua e permanente.MĂ©todo: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliogrĂĄfica, a partir de artigos cientĂ­ficos publicados em periĂłdicos nacionais e internacionais. Estes artigos se propuseram a estudar a avulsĂŁo dental, uma das injĂșrias traumĂĄticas que mais afetam os pacientes e podem causar complicaçÔes funcionais, estĂ©ticas e psicolĂłgicas.ConclusĂŁo: De acordo com a bibliografia consultada foi possĂ­vel observar que a consequĂȘncia de um dente avulsionado reimplantado, revela nĂ­veis variĂĄveis de complicaçÔes tanto funcionais quanto sociais, econĂŽmicas e psicolĂłgicas para o paciente. O perfeito diagnĂłstico e o imediato atendimento sĂŁo importantes para um melhor prognĂłstico. A informação e orientação de educadores e professores sĂŁo de fundamental importĂąncia para a prevenção desta injĂșria traumĂĄtica
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