Adição de carvão no substrato de formação de mudas de leguminosas arbóreas inoculadas com rizóbios

Native legume trees are planted in agroforestry systems for their hardiness and symbiosis with soil bacteria of the genus rhizobium, efficient in N2 fixation. The enrichment of the substrate composition with fine charcoal for seedling production of these trees is interesting for increasing soil porosity, water retention and the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms. Experiments were carried out to analyze the effect of substrate enrichment with charcoal on the quality of Clitoria fairchildiana, Enterolobium schomburgkii and Inga edulis seedlings. The treatments consisted of a 3: 2: 0.5 (v: v) mixture of clay soil, sand and bovine manure and a 3: 2 (v: v) mixture of clay soil and sand combined with charcoal rates of 0, 10, 19 and 29%. After mixing the components, substrate samples were collected and chemically analyzed. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 10 replications. The seedlings were inoculated with homologues rhizobia and growth controlled monthly. The plants were collected to determine the number of nodules and dry biomass of roots, shoots and nodules. Seedling growth was similar on substrates containing charcoal or manure, except for E. schomburkii, which increased by more than 100% on the charcoal-containing substrates. The number and dry biomass of nodules in the charcoal-containing substrates was up to 100% and 300% higher than in the manure-containing treatment, respectively. The results indicated that the substitution of manure by charcoal favors the seedling quality of the studied species. © 2016 Sociedade de Investigacoes Florestais. All rights reserved

Uso de árvores nativas em pastagens agroecológicas

O conhecimento tradicional tem sido a base da parceria entre o Centro de Tecnologias Alternativas, as organizações dos agricultores familiares da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais e as Universidades Federais de Viçosa e, mais recentemente, de Lavras. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar o conhecimento tradicional sobre os usos comuns de árvores nativas em pastagens de famílias agricultoras dos municípios de Divino e Araponga, aplicando metodologias participativas (observação participante e entrevista semi-estruturada). O principal uso da terra na região é com café e pastagens. Foi observado pelas famílias que os animais comem ramos de Solanum mauritianum, Senna macranthera, Aegiphila sellowiana e Inga edulis. De acordo com as famílias, a maioria das árvores já estava na pastagem antes do capim. É necessário aprofundamento que dialogue com o aprendizado de famílias agricultoras.Traditional knowledge has been the main base of the partnership among the Center of Alternative Technologies, the organizations of family farmers of Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais and the Federal Universities of Viçosa and, more recently, of Lavras. The objective was to identify the traditional knowledge about the common uses of native trees in the pastures of the properties of family farmers in the municipalities of Divino and Araponga, applying qualitative methodologies (participant observation and semi-structured interviews). The land use in the region is mainly coffee and pastures. Was observed by the families that the animals feed themselves with branches of Solanum mauritianum, Senna macranthera, Aegiphila sellowiana and Inga edulis. According to the families the majority of the trees was already in the field before the grass. It is necessary to deep the dialogue to keep leaning and exchange knowledge with smallholders families.Eje A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

EFFECT OF CHARCOAL -ENRICHED SUBSTRATE ON SEEDLINGS OF RHIZOBIUM-INOCULATED LEGUME TREES

ABSTRACT Native legume trees are planted in agroforestry systems for their hardiness and symbiosis with soil bacteria of the genus rhizobium, efficient in N2 fixation. The enrichment of the substrate composition with fine charcoal for seedling production of these trees is interesting for increasing soil porosity, water retention and the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms. Experiments were carried out to analyze the effect of substrate enrichment with charcoal on the quality of Clitoria fairchildiana, Enterolobium schomburgkii and Inga edulis seedlings. The treatments consisted of a 3:2:0.5 (v:v) mixture of clay soil, sand and bovine manure and a 3:2 (v:v) mixture of clay soil and sand combined with charcoal rates of 0, 10, 19 and 29%. After mixing the components, substrate samples were collected and chemically analyzed. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 10 replications. The seedlings were inoculated with homologues rhizobia and growth controlled monthly. The plants were collected to determine the number of nodules and dry biomass of roots, shoots and nodules. Seedling growth was similar on substrates containing charcoal or manure, except for E. schomburkii, which increased by more than 100% on the charcoal-containing substrates. The number and dry biomass of nodules in the charcoal-containing substrates was up to 100% and 300% higher than in the manure-containing treatment, respectively. The results indicated that the substitution of manure by charcoal favors the seedling quality of the studied species

Addition of charcoal in substrate for formation of tree seedlings legume

The fine charcoal can increase the porosity and water holding capacity of the substrate, and facilitate the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms. Thus, the experiment was in nursery in order to investigated the effect of adding charcoal mixture to the substrate on the quality of seedlings of leguminous trees. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with five treatments and ten replicates. For all species was used as a control substrate 3:2:0,5 mixture (v:v) of loamy soil, sand and manure and also a mixture Dipteryx odorata base 3:2:0,5 (v:v) clay, sand, manure, and combined with 0, 0,5, 1,0 and 1,5 part charcoal. To Cassia moschata, Copaifera multijuga, Parkia pendula and Senna multijuga control was tested, a 3:2 mixture based sand and clay combined with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 parts of biochar. To Clitoria fairchildiana, Enterolobium shomburgkii and Inga edulis treatments were control and a substrate with clay soil and sand 3:2 (v:v), combined with charcoal concentrations of 0, 10, 19 and 29% charcoal. Substrate samples thus prepared were collected and passed through chemical analysis. After formation of two pairs of sheets in seedlings were transplanted to plastic boxes with capacity for 2 kg substrates were proposed. The height (H) and diameter (D) of seedlings were measured one day after transplanting and every month. The seedlings were harvested and kept at 65 ºC/72h weighing of dry air (MSA), stem, leaf and root (MSR) and dry weight of nodules. With data was also calculated the Quality Index Dickson, survival rates, MSA/MSR and H/D ratios. The results suggest that coal could replace the manure to produce seedlings of Dipteryx odorata the ratio 3:2:0,5 soil, sand and charcoal (v: v). The substrate with manure can be substituted without loss of quality seedlings in case of C. multijuga and C. moschata the substrate with a piece of coal and P. pendula of the substrate with a half piece of coal. The use of manure in the composition of the substrates inhibited nodulation in Inga edulis, Enterolobium shomburgkii and Clitoria fairchildiana and also with the addition of coal were favored seedling quality by improving nodulation.O fino do carvão pode aumentar a porosidade e capacidade de retenção de água do substrato de crescimento de mudas, além de facilitar a proliferação de microrganismos benéficos. Assim, Avaliou-se em viveiro o efeito da adição de carvão vegetal em mistura ao substrato sobre a qualidade de mudas de leguminosas arbóreas cultivadas em viveiro. O delineamento empregado foi o inteiramente casualisado com cinco tratamentos e dez repetições. Para todas as espécies foi empregado como controle a mistura substrato 3:2:0,5 (v:v) de solo argiloso, areia e esterco e para Dipteryx odorata também uma mistura base 3:2:0,5 (v:v) solo argiloso, areia e esterco combinada com 0, 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5 partes de carvão. Para Cassia moschata, Copaifera multijuga, Parkia pendula e Senna multijuga foi testado o controle, uma mistura base 3:2 areia e argila combinada com 0, 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5 partes de carvão. Para Clitoria fairchildiana, Enterolobium shomburgkii e Inga edulis os tratamentos foram o controle e uma substrato composto de solo argiloso e areia 3:2 (v:v), combinado com carvão vegetal em concentrações de 0, 10, 19 e 29% de carvão. Amostras dos substratos foram coletadas e submetidas à análise química. Após a formação dos dois primeiros pares de folhas em sementeira as plantas foram repicadas para sacos plásticos com capacidade para 2 kg. A altura (H) e diâmetro do coleto (D) das mudas foram mensurados um dia após a repicagem e mensalmente. Ao final do período experimental foram colhidas e mantidas em estufa à 65 ºC/72h para pesagem da massa seca aérea (MSA), caule, folhas e da raiz (MSR) e massa seca dos nódulos. Com os dados também foi calculado o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson, sobrevivência e as relações MSA/MSR e H/D. Os resultados sugerem que o carvão pode substituir o esterco para produção de mudas de D. odorata na proporção 3:2:0,5 de solo, areia e carvão (v:v). O substrato com esterco pode ser substituído sem prejuízo na qualidade das mudas no caso de C. multijuga e C. moschata pelo substrato com uma parte de carvão e no de P. pendula pelo substrato com meia parte de carvão. O uso de esterco na composição dos substratos inibiu a nodulação em I. edulis, E. schomburgkii e C. fairchildiana e também com a adição de carvão houve favorecimento da qualidade das mudas pela melhoria na nodulação

EFFECT OF CHARCOAL -ENRICHED SUBSTRATE ON SEEDLINGS OF RHIZOBIUM-INOCULATED LEGUME TREES

ABSTRACT Native legume trees are planted in agroforestry systems for their hardiness and symbiosis with soil bacteria of the genus rhizobium, efficient in N2 fixation. The enrichment of the substrate composition with fine charcoal for seedling production of these trees is interesting for increasing soil porosity, water retention and the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms. Experiments were carried out to analyze the effect of substrate enrichment with charcoal on the quality of Clitoria fairchildiana, Enterolobium schomburgkii and Inga edulis seedlings. The treatments consisted of a 3:2:0.5 (v:v) mixture of clay soil, sand and bovine manure and a 3:2 (v:v) mixture of clay soil and sand combined with charcoal rates of 0, 10, 19 and 29%. After mixing the components, substrate samples were collected and chemically analyzed. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 10 replications. The seedlings were inoculated with homologues rhizobia and growth controlled monthly. The plants were collected to determine the number of nodules and dry biomass of roots, shoots and nodules. Seedling growth was similar on substrates containing charcoal or manure, except for E. schomburkii, which increased by more than 100% on the charcoal-containing substrates. The number and dry biomass of nodules in the charcoal-containing substrates was up to 100% and 300% higher than in the manure-containing treatment, respectively. The results indicated that the substitution of manure by charcoal favors the seedling quality of the studied species