A Comparative Study of Different Columns Sizes for Ultrafine Apatite Flotation

The Brazilian phosphate industry has a long-term tradition in beneficiation of weathering igneous phosphate ores. The typical flowsheet applied involves grinding; classification in coarse and fines fractions; magnetic separation (low and high intensity); desliming to remove particles \u3c 10 µm; barite flotation and apatite flotation. Desliming operation to discharge the ultrafine particles less than 20 µm prior to concentration by flotation is a common practice on the phosphate ores beneficiations plants, including those that treats sedimentary and igneous ores. Guimarães and Peres (2002, 2003) resume the Brazilian industrial experience in beneficiation of the material with particle size \u3c 44 µm. The first industrial application was in Araxá concentrator in the beginning of 80´s in a circuit consisting of desliming in 40 mm hydrocyclones and apatite flotation in column machines. Corn starch and fatty acids being utilized as reagents. The concept of this process was expanded to other Brazilian plants located in Catalão (Goias state), Tapira (Minas Gerais state) and Cajati (São Paulo state) are still in the 90´s. It is estimated that the apatite concentrate from slimes represents 11% to 13% of the overall production. Matiolo et al (2017) showed results of a flowsheet developed to apatite concentration from a slime sample provided by the industrial phosphate ore plant of the Copebras (China Molybdenum – CMOC International), located at Catalão (Goias state, Brazil). The flowsheet involves desliming in hydrocyclones (40 mm) in two stages, followed by apatite flotation in columns.The authors compare the flotation results obtained in a rougher flotation in a 3” diameter column flotation (2.0 m in height) in comparison with the results obtained in a circuit with rougher/cleaner configuration applying a 4” diameter column flotation (6.0 m in height) to rougher and a 2” diameter column flotation (6.0 in height) to cleaner. This work shows flotation results considering a circuit with rougher/cleaner configuration with different sizes column flotation, as follow: Circuit 1 (rougher – 4” diameter column flotation; cleaner – 2” diameter column flotation), and circuit 2 (rougher – 6” diameter column flotation; cleaner 4” column flotation). The solids feed rate in each circuit was 35 kg/h and 46 kg/h dry basis respectively. The rougher flotation results show that 6” diameter column flotation achieved higher apatite recovery when compare with the results obtained in the 4” diameter column flotation, for similar P2O5 grades. By the other hand, the results obtained in cleaner flotation are very similar in both columns (4” and 2” diameter column flotation). The best results obtained in the 6” diameter column flotation can be explained by the fact that in this column, the bubble generation system is a cavitation tube and the system applied in the 4” diameter column flotation is a porous tube. The bubble size distribution obtained on the cavitation tube is in general smaller than the obtained on the porous tubes. Fine bubbles improved the collision efficiency between bubbles and particles which leads to higher recoveries, in special for ultrafine particles flotation. Guimarães, R.C., Peres, A.E.C. Production of phosphate concentrates from slimes: Brazilian experience. In: Proceedings XXII International Mineral Processing Congress, Cape-Town, South Africa, pp 606-612, 2003. Matiolo, E., Couto, H.J.B., Teixeira, M.F.L., Freitas, A.S., Almeida, R.N. Recovery of apatite from slimes of a Brazilian phosphate ore. Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology. Vol 39. Nº 6. pp 39-48. 2017

The natural ecomuseum of mangrove: educational and reforestation actions / O ecomuseu natural do mangue: ações educativas e de reflorestamento

Green areas in the context of cities are essential element for the well-being of the population, because it has the purpose of improving the quality of life and environmental preservation, in this sense. This research aimed to identify and analyze the educational and reforestation actions carried out by the EcoMuseu Natural do Mangue, located in the Sabiaguaba neighborhood (Fortaleza-CE), through environmental education activities and the reforestation of the area in its surroundings. The proposal is to get visitors to know initially the museum's collection, where they will have a lecture on the ecosystem and its preservation, after they will be led by monitors on an ecological trail through the mangrove where they will have the opportunity to experience one of their richest experiences of environmental education. An education for a new look at the mangrove and awareness that the construction of "a new world is possible", paraphrasing Paulo Freire. The methodology applied in this article was bibliographic, through the reading of authors who conceptually and theoretically address the issues related to the proposed theme. Among the results obtained, in 2015, there was an increase of about 10% of mangrove reforestation in the entire area of the park. Since reforestation and environmental education are among the most effective alternatives for the recovery of a degraded area

Soil evaluation for pineapple cultivation (ananás comosus) in the municipality of Teotônio Vilela, Alagoas / Avaliação do solo para cultivação de abacaxi (ananás comosus) no município de Teotônio Vilela, Alagoas

Soil fertility is one of the crucial factors for agriculture, which has as its main objective the increase of its production. This is why it is extremely important to know the nutritional requirement of the cultivar. The present study aimed to evaluate soil fertility in the municipality of Teotônio Vilela – Alagoas, in the Laudelino farm, emphasizing the quantification of the nutrients needed to guarantee the agricultural productivity for the pineapple crop (Ananás comosus). For this purpose, a random sampling of soil was initiated in the area 1.0 hectare in the layer of 0-20 cm of depth. Fifteen samples were collected (each sample with approximately 0.5 DM ³ of soil) from simple collection were mixed to compose a single composite sample and, from this, 1.0 kg of soil was withdrawn for posterior soil fertility analyses. Carried out in the soil Laboratory of the Agrarian Sciences Center (ECSC) of the Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) located in the municipality of Rio Largo, AL. We analyzed the potential hydrogenionic (pH), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K +) accessible; Calcium (Ca + 2) and magnesium (Mg + 2) exchangeable; Exchangeable aluminum saturation (m%), CTC cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0 (T); Base sum (V%) and Organic matter (OM). It was observed that the results showed the following values: Ca + 2 contents (3.42 Cmolc/DM ³), CTC (T) (10.73 Cmolc/DM ³); K + (110 mg/DM ³), Mg + 2 (2.53 Cmolc/DM ³), Al + 3 (0.03 Cmolc/DM ³), MO (14.1 g/kg), P (5.0 mg/DM ³), M% (0.0), pH (5.6) and V% (59.0). From the results found, it is concluded that it will not be necessary to apply limestone to increase the base saturation to 60%, because 59% as found in the soil already satimakes nutritional need of the culture in question. In addition to this correction, it is also recommended the dosage of 160 kg of P2O5 and 40 kg of nitrogen (N) per hectare, through the incorporation in the soil of 800 kg/ha in the formulation 05-20-0. However, organic fertilization between 30 and 50 t/ha of curable corral manure, if possible 30 days before planting can elevate redendimento of the cultivar. It is noteworthy that its application is insexpenable to the culture by promoting better development to the plant and the fruit. 

A importância do consumo de probióticos e prebióticos para a saúde: uma revisão / The importance of consuming probiotics and prebiotics for health: a review

A sociedade cada vez mais tem buscado adquirir hábitos alimentares mais adequados. Nesta perspectiva, os alimentos funcionais tem um papel relevante por promoverem benefícios adicionais à saúde além de suas atribuições nutricionais básicas, dentre estes alimentos estão os probióticos e os prebióticos. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar evidências disponíveis na literatura acerca da importância do consumo de probióticos e prebióticos para a saúde. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura, utilizando artigos científicos completos, no idioma português, com dimensão temporal entre 2015 e 2019. Após o refinamento das publicações científicas conforme os critérios de inclusão obtiveram-se dois artigos, os quais evidenciaram que os probióticos apresentam benefícios na formação e função da microbiota intestinal humana e os prebióticos são capazes de inibir a proliferação de microrganismos patogênicos, além disso, o consumo de probióticos e prebióticos modula o perfil inflamatório e atua frente a várias situações clínicas como: doenças gastrointestinais, diabetes mellitus tipo1, doenças cardiovasculares e obesidade. No entanto, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de um maior número de estudos a nível nacional que possam versar sobre as vantagens da utilização destes componentes alimentares

Anomalia de Ebstein com comunicação interatrial em paciente gestante com pré-eclâmpsia: um raro relato de caso

A Anomalia de Ebstein (AE) é uma cardiopatia congênita rara, ocorre em apenas 1% das más formações cardíacas. É uma alteração da implantação dos folhetos da valva tricúspide, ocorre o aumento do volume do átrio direito e a atrialização do ventrículo direito. Geralmente, possui uma evolução clínica lenta, com sintomas aparecendo em idade avançada. A comunicação interatrial (CIA), também consiste em uma cardiopatia congênita, do tipo acianótica, comumente assintomática, com prevalência de 5 a 10% de todas as cardiopatias, mais comum em mulheres. Baseia-se na formação de um “shunt” esquerdo-direito, podendo causar hiperfluxo da veia pulmonar. Por outro lado, a pré-eclâmpsia é uma complicação gestacional detectada na vigésima semana. É uma disfunção materno/placentária responsável por elevação da pressão arterial (> 140/90 mmHg), associada a lesão de órgão alvo, proteinúria ou disfunção útero/placentária. Neste estudo, o objetivo é relatar as complicações desenvolvidas durante a gestação em paciente que possuía essa rara associação de comorbidades. Paciente feminina, 20 anos, primigesta com 30 semanas e 4 dias, vista em USG obstétrico, com descontrole pressórico desde de o início da gestação. Cardiopata, sem acompanhamento, apresentando EA e IA (diagnóstico em laudo de 2008). Foi admitida em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) com dispneia, saturação de O2 de 91%, pressão de 150/100 mmHg. Após estabilização, solicitados pareceres para cardiologia, obstetrícia e risco anestésico. USG obstétrico mostrou compartimento fetal alterado e relação cérebro/placentária alterada. No 2º dia, após corticoterapia, paciente retorna do centro-cirúrgico após cesariana, acoplada à ventilação mecânica invasiva, devido à descompensação. Radiografia pós-cirurgia mostrou pequeno derrame pleural bilateral. Mantida Cefalotina por mais 2 dias. No dia 3, TC de tórax revelou derrame persistente e consolidações, iniciando Ceftriaxone e Clindamicina. Noradrenalina iniciada após descompensação hemodinâmica. No dia 6, após teste de respiração espontânea bem-sucedido, o ecocardiograma evidenciou AE, insuficiência tricúspide acentuada e mitral leve. Sem critérios graves, a paciente foi transferida para a enfermaria para seguimento e término da antibioticoterapia. A gestação pode agravar riscos em pacientes com comorbidades raras como anomalias cardíacas congênitas. O acompanhamento específico é crucial e, em casos graves, a gravidez deve ser evitada

Níveis disfuncionais de ansiedade relacionada ao Coronavírus em estudantes de medicina: Dysfunctional levels of Coronavirus-related anxiety in medical students

As preocupações com a saúde mental das pessoas afetadas pela pandemia de coronavírus não foram abordadas adequadamente. Isso é surpreendente, uma vez que tragédias em massa, particularmente aquelas que envolvem doenças infecciosas, muitas vezes desencadeiam ondas de medo e ansiedade elevados que são conhecidos por causar perturbações maciças no comportamento e no bem-estar psicológico de muitos na população. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar os níveis disfuncionais de ansiedade relacionada ao coronavírus em estudantes de medicina. Para isso, foi realizado uma revisão sistemática sobre a temática

A Comparative Study of Different Columns Sizes for Ultrafine Apatite Flotation

The desliming operation to discharge ultrafine particles less than 20 µm prior to concentration by flotation is a common practice in phosphate ores beneficiation plants. The first industrial application for the beneficiation of the phosphate material with particle sizes <44 µm in Brazil was in the Araxá plant concentrator in the beginning of the 1980s. This work shows the comparative flotation results with two different phosphate slime samples (<40 µm) obtained from the Copebras (CMOC International) industrial plant located in Catalão (Goiás state, Brazil), considering a circuit with rougher/cleaner configuration with different columns sizes, as follows: Circuit 1 (rougher—4” diameter column; cleaner—2” diameter column) and circuit 2 (rougher—6” diameter column; cleaner 4” column). The results indicate that better flotation apatite recovery results were achieved for the circuit with higher size columns (6” and 4”). The results can be explained by the application of a cavitation tube in the rougher stage in the 6” column. The improved flotation performance can be attributed to increased probabilities of collision and attachment and the reduced probability of detachment by the small size bubbles generated by the cavitation tube in comparison with the bubbles produced by the porous tube of the 4” column flotation