Perception of Electronic Examination among Undergraduate Students of University of Maiduguri

The study was conducted to measure the perception of electronic examination among undergraduate students of University of Maiduguri. It was orchestrated on three specific objectives; to find out the perception of the students regarding the introduction of e-exam; to examine the perception of the students regarding e-exam as means of assessment; to examine the negative and positive perception of the students regarding the appropriateness of facilities, timing and format of question. The study employed the propositions of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain students’ knowledge, acceptance and perception. The research used quantitative research method and survey methodology, using Questionnaire as instruments for data collection. The study purposely selected 200 students and found that majority of the students believe e-examination is better than the pen-paper examination. Majority of the students perceive electronic examination as an easy process. The study also found that the electronic examination is not suitable for every course to majority of the students. Majority of the respondents are against the format of the questions being asked via electronic examination. The study concluded that the introduction of e-examination in University of Maiduguri was a success despite having few challenges. The students perceived the new system as better means of assessment than pen-paper, even though they expressed dissatisfaction with the format of questions, examination timing and its suitability for some courses. It was recommended that the University of Maiduguri need to review the implementation of the new examination system in order to examine its suitability to all courses. Technical failures and limitation should be checked to improve effectiveness of the conduct of the examinations

The Effect of Fake News on Nigeria's Democracy within The Premise of Freedom of Expression

The study was conducted to measure the effect of fake news on Nigeria’s democracy within the premise of freedom of expression. The study was anchored on four objectives to find out the rate of the spread of fake news among Nigerians on both social and conventional media; to examine the perception of media audience on fake news and abuse of freedom of expression; to find out the effect of fake news on Nigeria’s democracy; to determine measures that can be adopted in combating fake news The study selected purposive sampling and surveyed 60 social media user from Borno and Yobe (i.e, 30 from each of the two states) and administered questionnaire. The study found that majority of the respondents contributes in the information sharing system of media cycle. The study found that despite the awareness of fake news among the respondents, there is limited alertness with regard to sensitivity of verifying information before sharing. The study also found that politics and crisis suffer more fake news than any other nature. The study found that fake news is still crucial because there are rounds of perceptions that influence its nature and thus its spread. We also found that the respondents have negative perception about the extent to which fake news can affect democracy and democratic system of governance. The study recommends that awareness should be created so as to enlighten people who use the social media to avoid spreading unverified information and that other social media platform should copy from Twitter in restricting number of text user can post and identification of a verified account

The Strategic Effect of Crisis Management on Business Continuity Management in Corporate Organizations: A Case of Equitol Bank, Kenya

Corporate organizations today require a robust understanding of business continuity and they need to draw a wide plan on how they can deal with unexpected crises which hamper organizational success efforts and operational continuity. Corporate image, reputation, brand, trust and loyalty of all stakeholders in a corporate entity are key factors in the background of business continuity. An efficient and effective business continuity management plan is important for any corporate organization as it ensures information availability and that corporate organizations survive and continue to operate uninterrupted in the event of any crises that the organization may face. Business Continuity Management (BCM) aims at ensuring that the organization survives in the long run and as such it should be a key responsibility of senior management. Organizations need to be adequately prepared for any unexpected events which could interrupt the way they operate and their survival chances in both short and long run. Thus, this paper sought to examine the effect of crisis management on Business Continuity Management in Corporate organizations. The study adopted a case study design and was performed at Equitol Bank.  A sample of 60 respondents from a target population of 200 staff members was obtained using stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire and document analysis were the main tools of data collection for the study. Data coding and analysis was done using qualitative and quantitative methods. Descriptive statistics such as means, and cumulative frequencies were employed in summarizing data. Chi-square correlation coefficient was computed to establish the level of significance of correlation between BCM and business continuity and BCM and crisis management). The study found that there is a positive and significant correlation between BCM and business continuity represented by (?2 (58) =59.87, p < .05), and BCM and crisis management (?2 (58) =67.065, p < .05). Keywords: Business Continuity, Business Continuity Management, Corporate Organizations, Crisis Managemen

The use of ICT in Disaster Risk Management: A Case Study of Nema Borno State

The survey examined the use of ICT in disaster risk management a case study of NEMA Borno state. The objectives of the study are: to ascertain the use and level of application of ICTs for disaster risk management, to Identify the types of ICT NEMA uses for disaster risk management, assess the specific areas of ICT application for disaster risk management, to examine the effectiveness of effective of the use of ICT in disaster risk management, to Identify the challenges in the application of ICT for disaster risk management in NEMA. The study was situated within diffusion of innovation theory and reviewed related literature thematically. The entire staffs of NEMA (90) formed the population of the study. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 60 samples out of the population for analysis as it is needless and time wasting to study the whole population. The study found that NEMA like any other disaster risk management agencies globally is not left out in the effort towards adopting and utilization of ICT in disaster risk management in its own domain. Some of the ICT facilities such as digital camera, Computer and mobile phones have gained effective penetration in terms of utilization by the Agency for disaster risk management. Interestingly, even sophisticated technology like the GIS is been used by the Agency, which is a positive development in terms of being up to date facility wise. Although there are several challenges bedevilling NEMA in effectively utilizing ICT for disaster risk management, the challenges have not hindered the use of available technology for disaster risk management. This goes to show that the use of ICT for disaster risk management in the 21st century is a necessity for purpose of efficiency and timely disaster risk management. Much needs to be done to ensure that NEMA fully benefits from the several opportunities tied to ICT in disaster risk management. The study recommends that Government should adequately fund and meet ICT requirements of NEMA to enable it effectively deploy ICT for disaster risk management. The agency should constantly train its staff and organise refresher courses for its staff on the latest ICT and there uses for disaster risk management

Screw and Pin Fastener Tests for Cold-Formed Steel

Because of limited available information on strength and ease of installation of specific fasteners for a particular application to a steel deck diaphragm, a preliminary testing program comparing the shear strength of commercially available screws and gas-actuated shot pins was conducted by J. R. Harris and Company at the University of Colorado Denver in 2018. A test was designed to explore the behavior and capacity of various fasteners, securing two and three pieces of sheet steel of various thicknesses together. Specimens were fabricated and load tested, with the sheet steel pieces in tension, so the fasteners were subject to shear. Four fasteners, in two rows of two, were used for all tests, with different end distances also being studied. Most of the tests were monotonic tension, and those results were used to develop a cyclic testing protocol for the best performing screw and shot pin. Most limit states encountered were limited by tilting of the screw against the sheet steel in bearing, leading to a ductile failure. Fastener shear was encountered in a small percentage of cases. Results are compared to each other and to AISI calculated values

Esplendor en desaparición: una revisión exhaustiva de la disminución de la fauna de peces original del Lago Victoria

The presence of the non-native Nile perch (Lates niloticus) in Lake Victoria and the resulting ecological transformations have garnered significant attention from the scientific community. However, details regarding the timing, origin, and purpose of the fish introduction have remained elusive. This paper reviews fish fauna changes in Lake Victoria, investigates causes, and advocates for biodiversity conservation through diversity and sanctuary sites. It examines different historical periods to understand changes and guide effective conservation strategies. The introduction of Nile perch has led to a substantial decline and even extinction of many native fish species, particularly cichlids, resulting in ecological imbalances and economic challenges for local fishing communities. To address these pressing issues, ongoing conservation efforts are being implemented. These initiatives focus on promoting sustainable fishing practices, safeguarding critical habitats, and reintroducing native fish species. Furthermore, cage fish farming is being explored as a potential solution to alleviate pressure on wild populations, as suggested by various authors. Recommendations stemming from this study include conducting virtual population analysis for stock assessments of indigenous species, intensify conservation efforts, diversify fishing practices, expand cage fish farming, increase public awareness and education, and enhance policy and governance frameworks. By implementing these recommendations, there is optimism for the recovery and resilience of indigenous fish species in Lake Victoria, leading to the conservation of biodiversity and the promotion of sustainable livelihoods for local communities.La presencia de la perca del Nilo (Lates niloticus) exótica para el Lago Victoria y las transformaciones ecológicas resultantes, han generado una atención significativa por parte de la comunidad científica. Sin embargo, los detalles sobre el momento, el origen y el propósito de la introducción del pez siguen siendo difíciles de dilucidar. Este artículo analiza los cambios en la fauna de peces en el Lago Victoria, investiga las causas y aboga por la conservación de la biodiversidad a través de la diversidad y los santuarios. Examina diferentes períodos históricos para comprender los cambios y guiar estrategias de conservación efectivas. La introducción de la perca del Nilo ha provocado una disminución sustancial e incluso la extinción de muchas especies de peces nativos, en particular de cíclidos, lo que ha provocado desequilibrios ecológicos y desafíos económicos para las comunidades pesqueras locales. Para abordar estos problemas apremiantes, se están implementando esfuerzos de conservación continuos. Estas iniciativas se centran en promover prácticas de pesca sostenibles, salvaguardar hábitats críticos y reintroducir especies de peces nativas. Además, se está explorando la cría de peces en jaulas como una posible solución para aliviar la presión sobre las poblaciones silvestres, como sugieren varios autores. Las recomendaciones que surgen de este estudio incluyen realizar análisis de poblaciones virtuales para evaluar el stock de especies autóctonas, intensificar los esfuerzos de conservación, diversificar las prácticas de pesca, ampliar la piscicultura en jaulas, aumentar la conciencia y la educación públicas y mejorar los marcos de políticas y gobernanza. Al implementar estas recomendaciones, existe optimismo sobre la recuperación y la resiliencia de las especies de peces autóctonas en el Lago Victoria, lo que conducirá a la conservación de la biodiversidad y la promoción de medios de vida sostenibles para las comunidades locales

Social Media, Violent Extremism, Conflict and Terrorism in Nigeria

The increasing rate of violent extremism, conflict and terrorism has become a major challenge for many societies today. The fact that human lives and fundamental human rights are threatened by the growth of the phenomena which make the issue more complex and affront to peace. As records of destruction of lives and properties constantly appreciate, the popular narrative points at the adoption and use of social media as key contributory factors propelling violent extremism, conflict and terrorism. Since it has been established that terrorism, conflict and violent extremism are intertwined and cannot exist and thrive independently and that social media creates a firm platform for them to be firmly grounded globally. This paper explored the nexus between the concept of social media, violent extremism, conflict and terrorism highlighting the role of the mass media in the discourse. The paper traced historically how these terms have pose a threat globally to security with a closer look on the Nigerian sovereign entity in particular

Principles and Practice of Humanitarian Communication during and After Natural Disasters and Armed Conflicts

Humanitarian communications has broadly empowered human interaction and mutual understanding within circles and arenas of conflict and disasters. How information is communicated and received during crises is imperative. With peace seriously going on extinction around the world and the growth of countless humanitarian organizations, the need to explore communication is imperative going by the relevance of information, mutual understanding and its knowledge to victims of armed conflict and natural disasters, This paper explained in detail the concept of humanitarian communications, types of humanitarian communications, and how to design effective communication plan for smooth and effective operations of humanitarian actors within humanitarian circle

Perspectivas acuáticas: actitudes y percepciones de los actores en las prácticas de transporte de peces vivos dentro del sector pesquero de Kenia

Live fish are in high demand all over the world, especially in China, where quality standards align with consumer preferences. In Kenya, discussions on live fish, particularly in aquaculture-rich regions, are focal points. However, the lack of a systematic approach to transporting live fish poses challenges for stakeholders. This research explores attitudes and perceptions of stakeholders in Kenya regarding the adoption and transportation of live fish, shedding light on transportation procedures and sector challenges. Using a descriptive research design, primary data were collected from diverse aquaculture stakeholders through a questionnaire, addressing their knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward live fish transportation in the country. The study unveils varied patterns of live fish transportation in Kenya, influenced by the purpose and distance. Private cars are prominent at 26.3%, with Nyanza and Mombasa leading at 35%. Modified vans are prevalent in Central-Nairobi and Western regions (25% and 22.5%, respectively), while public transport is widespread, especially in Central and Nairobi (25%). Purpose-built live fish vehicles dominate in Western and Nyanza (20% and 17.5%, respectively). Crustaceans like lobsters and crabs are primarily exported from the Coastal region (27.5%). Participants generally assessed their knowledge of live fish transportation as moderate, with a basic understanding of fish welfare. Feedback indicates common practices in live fish transport in Kenya as sealed tanks, plastic bags, and purpose-built vehicles. Temperature and oxygen fluctuations poses a significant challenge during transportation across all regions, particularly in Mombasa and Kisumu. The use of anaesthetics, especially for food fish, is infrequently reported. The study revealed favourable perceptions of stakeholders to live fish transportation and welfare, indicating early adoption. Further research is recommended on fish welfare, best management practices, technological advancements, and interdisciplinary studies to enhance the sustainability of live fish transportation sector and fish welfare in Kenya.Los peces vivos tienen una gran demanda en todo el mundo, especialmente en China, donde los estándares de calidad se alinean con las preferencias de los consumidores. En Kenia, los debates sobre peces vivos, particularmente en regiones ricas en acuicultura, son puntos focales. Sin embargo, la falta de un enfoque sistemático para el transporte de peces vivos plantea desafíos para las partes interesadas. Esta investigación explora las actitudes y percepciones de las partes interesadas en Kenia con respecto a la adopción del transporte de peces vivos, arrojando luz sobre los procedimientos de transporte y los desafíos del sector. Utilizando un diseño de investigación descriptivo, se recopilaron datos primarios de diversos actores de la acuicultura a través de un cuestionario, abordando sus conocimientos, percepciones y actitudes hacia el transporte de peces vivos en el país. El estudio revela patrones variados en Kenia, influenciados por el propósito y la distancia. Los coches privados ocupan un lugar destacado con 26,3%, con Nyanza y Mombasa a la cabeza con 35%. Las furgonetas modificadas prevalecen en las regiones Central-Nairobi y Occidental (25% y 22,5%, respectivamente), mientras que el transporte público está muy extendido, especialmente en Central y Nairobi (25%). Los vehículos para peces vivos construidos expresamente dominan en Western y Nyanza (20% y 17,5%, respectivamente). Los crustáceos como langostas y cangrejos se exportan principalmente desde la región Costa (27,5%). En general, los participantes evaluaron su conocimiento sobre el transporte de peces vivos como moderado, con una comprensión básica del bienestar de los peces. Los comentarios indican prácticas comunes en el transporte de peces vivos en Kenia, como tanques sellados, bolsas de plástico y vehículos especialmente diseñados. Las fluctuaciones de temperatura y oxígeno plantean un desafío importante durante el transporte en todas las regiones, particularmente en Mombasa y Kisumu. El uso de anestésicos, especialmente para el consumo de pescado, es poco frecuente. El estudio reveló percepciones favorables de las partes interesadas sobre el transporte y el bienestar de los peces vivos, lo que indica una adopción temprana. Se recomienda realizar investigaciones adicionales sobre el bienestar de los peces, las mejores prácticas de gestión, los avances tecnológicos y los estudios interdisciplinarios para mejorar la sostenibilidad del sector del transporte de peces vivos y el bienestar de los peces en Kenia

Fitness, PA, Perceived Competence, Parental Support, and Literacy Outcomes in the REACH After-School Sports Program

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the REACH program in increasing physical activity (PA) levels, cardiorespiratory fitness, perceived competence, self-efficacy, parental support, and literacy across a year-long after-school PA intervention. Participants (N = 78) were students who volunteered from after-school program at either one of the two intervention schools or the control schools. Data are presented from two time points: Baseline (Aug/Sep 2017), and Post (end of the school year in May 2018). Data consisted of PA levels measured by PAC-Q, PACER test, Harter’s Perceived Competence questionnaire, parental support, and literacy tests. School differences in post-intervention scores were found in three (parental support, literacy, PACER) of seven intervention-related measures. Most notably parental support was higher in intervention schools over the control and PACER scores were higher in one intervention school than the control. The results demonstrate that data collection methods may need to be reconsidered in diverse low-income schools. The dramatic amount of missing data and lack of student effort points to students perhaps being overwhelmed with standardized tests and performing tasks for researchers. This leads to a dilemma in data collection in after-school programs in low-income schools: researchers need data to understand what is happening but how are students being served by the data collection process? Researchers should consider new approaches to collect data in low-income urban after-school programs to limit loss of data and to make the data collection meaningful to student participants