The Global Burden of Snakebite: A Literature Analysis and Modelling Based on Regional Estimates of Envenoming and Deaths

Janaka de Silva and colleagues estimate that globally at least 421,000 envenomings and 20,000 deaths occur each year due to snakebite

Marejadas rurales y luchas por la vida, vol. iv: permanencias, resistencias y luchas por la vida

Volumen 4. Permanencias, resistencias y luchas por la vida, coordinado por: Elisabeth A. Mager Hois, Miguel Ángel Paz Frayre y Carla Zamora Lomelí, integra 15 capítulos y está dividido en tres secciones, la primera denominada Permanencia, contiene 5 capítulos que intentan establecer como eje común la lucha continua en las comunidades campesinas para continuar con la vida rural. La segunda, Identidad y resistencia, está compuesta por 4 capítulos que reflexionan sobre varios procesos de resistencia de la vida rural ante los cambios globales e internos en su propio proceso de vida, otros trabajos intentan encontrar aquellos elementos que generan y mantienen alguna forma de identidad, y la tercera sección, Lucha por la vida, contiene 6 trabajos que demuestran todas aquellas posibilidades que existen en el medio rural para sostenerse y mantenerse, generando diferentes formas y estrategias que los une en la continua lucha por vivir con pocas pretensiones y con difíciles perspectivas pero siempre encontrando alternativas.ASOCIACIÓN MEXICANA DE ESTUDIOS RURALES, INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y RURALES (ICAR), UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA, FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES ACATLÁN-UNAM, ECOSUR, CUCOSTA SUR GRANA, EL COLEGIO DE MICHOACÁN A.C., UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLAS HIDALG

Control of a prototype robotic multi-axis synergistic system

Balance is an ability that every person has and uses in normal daily life, to walk, run, stand, dance, etc. However, there are people who suffer a kind of balance impairment. The Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) is technique in balance rehabilitation, where the patient is asked to stand on a moving platform that is equipped with sensors that measure how well you maintain your balance. In this thesis, a new CDP mechatronic system, the Multi-Axis Synergistic System (MASS), for balance assessment is being developed. As a first stage and as the objective of this research work the transferable control algorithm for position of a prototype MASS was developed. With the intention of achieving the mentioned objective; the inverse kinematics of a parallel mechanism in vector technique was utilized. The complete inverse kinematics analysis of the MASS was revised in this work. Correspondingly, the transferable programming of the algorithm was explained. Then, a series of experiments were performed in order to identify the electromechanical actuator of the MASS that resulted in the first order dynamic system model, in both analytical and experimental methods. After, several movements in the six degrees of freedom of the platform, through the programmed control algorithm were simulated in this work. The results are presented and found that the obtained first order model was the correct one for the actuator, however, some considerations relating to the error in transient state are discussed. Finally, the results of the simulations of the transferable algorithm and final conclusions are presented and the future work is defined

Mortality from contact with poisonous snakes and lizards in Mexico, 1979-2003 [Mortalidad por contacto traumático con serpiente y lagarto venenosos. México, 1979-2003]

Objective: To describe the trend of standardized mortality by contact with poisonous snakes and lizards in Mexico from 1979 to 2003. Material and methods: We describe the standardized mortality trend by contact with poisonous snakes and lizards occurring in Mexico from 1979 to 2003, and report the mortality data bases from the INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática). We determined frequencies, percentages, mortality rates, standardized mortality rates and mortality relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The general trend shows a statistically significant descent of 63.8%. The highest mortality rate within the 2000-2003 period was reported in Quintana Roo (7.47/1'000,000), Oaxaca (4.01/1'000,000), Veracruz (1.56/1'000,000), Chiapas (1.48/1'000,000), Campeche (1.43/1'000,000) and Yucatan (1.29/1'000,000). The groups with the highest risk are those older than 60 years and males. Conclusions: In spite of the detected decrease in mortality, the contact with poisonous snakes and lizards still is a public health problem in Mexico. As timely treatment saves lives, it is necessary to include and offer treatment in all emergency units of the country

Mortality from contact with poisonous snakes and lizards in Mexico, 1979-2003 [Mortalidad por contacto traumZapotitlántico con serpiente y lagarto venenosos. México, 1979-2003]

Objective: To describe the trend of standardized mortality by contact with poisonous snakes and lizards in Mexico from 1979 to 2003. Material and methods: We describe the standardized mortality trend by contact with poisonous snakes and lizards occurring in Mexico from 1979 to 2003, and report the mortality data bases from the INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informética). We determined frequencies, percentages, mortality rates, standardized mortality rates and mortality relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The general trend shows a statistically significant descent of 63.8%. The highest mortality rate within the 2000-2003 period was reported in Quintana Roo (7.47/1'000,000), Oaxaca (4.01/1'000,000), Veracruz (1.56/1'000,000), Chiapas (1.48/1'000,000), Campeche (1.43/1'000,000) and Yucatan (1.29/1'000,000). The groups with the highest risk are those older than 60 years and males. Conclusions: In spite of the detected decrease in mortality, the contact with poisonous snakes and lizards still is a public health problem in Mexico. As timely treatment saves lives, it is necessary to include and offer treatment in all emergency units of the country