Transdisciplinary studies in socio-ecosystems: Theoretical considerations and its application in Latin American contexts

Debido a limitaciones para abordar la complejidad de la relación sociedad-naturaleza, los esfuerzos para solucionar los problemas ambientales han sido en general infructuosos. Aquí proponemos que el enfoque holístico de “socio-ecosistema” por parte de la academia, podría contribuir a disminuir estas limitaciones desde la adopción de cuatro cambios: i) ontológico, que presenta el concepto de “socio-ecosistemas”; ii) epistemológico, que propone a la transdisciplina como la forma de entenderlos, iii) metodológico, que sugiere intervenir en ellos de forma participativa y adaptativa y, iv) cambios institucionales que facilitarían la adopción de esta propuesta. Este planteamiento se complementa con la descripción de una experiencia transdiciplinaria en la cuenca del río San Juan Zitácuaro, México, en el contexto de un curso internacional de manejo de socio-ecosistemas.Given the difficulties to approach the complex relationship bettween society and nature, efforts to solve environmental problems have generally been unsuccessful. Here we suggest that a hollistic “socio-ecosystem” approach by the sciencies could help diminish these difficulties by embracing four kinds of changes: i) ontological, which introduces the concept of “socio-ecosystem”; ii) epistemological, which proposes transdiscipline as the way to understand them, iii) metholodogical, which suggests that in intervention in them must be participatory and adaptive, iv) institutional changes that would facilitate the adoption of this approach. This is then followed by a description of a transdisciplinary work experience in the Zitácuaro river basin, in Mexico, in the context of an international course on socio-ecosystem management.Fil: Ortega Uribe, Tamara. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Mastrangelo, Matias Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Villarroel Torrez, Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Piaz, Agustín Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Humanidades. Centro de Estudios de Historia de la Ciencia y de la Técnica ; ArgentinaFil: Vallejos, María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Saenz Ceja, Jesús Eduardo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas; MéxicoFil: Gallego, Federico. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Franquesa Soler, Monserrat. Instituto de Ecología; MéxicoFil: Calzada Peña, Leonardo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Espinosa Mellado, Noelia. Universidad de la Armada; MéxicoFil: Fiestas Flores, Jerico. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos; PerúFil: Gill Mairhofer, Luis R.. Ministerio de la Defensa Pública; ParaguayFil: González Espino, Zarahí. Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas. Facultad de Medio Ambiente. Departamento de Meteorología; CubaFil: Luna Salguero, Betsabé Montserrat. Sociedad de Historia Natural Niparajá; MéxicoFil: Martinez Peralta, Claudia María. Comisión de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora. Dirección General de Conservación; MéxicoFil: Ochoa, Olivia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Pérez Volkow,Lucía. No especifica;Fil: Sala, Juan Emilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez Rose, Isabelle. Universidad Central de Venezuela; VenezuelaFil: Weeks, Madeline. University of Cambridge; Reino UnidoFil: Ávila García, Daniela. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: García Reyes, Isabel Bueno. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas; MéxicoFil: Carmona, Alejandra. Universidad Austral de Chile. Instituto de Economía Agraria; ChileFil: Castro Videla, Fernando Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Ferrer Gonzalez, César Sergio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Frank Buss, María Elisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: López Carapia, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Núñez Cruz, Martha. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Taboada Hermoza, Rossi. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerúFil: Benet, Daniel. Alternare A. C.; MéxicoFil: Venegas, Ysmael. Alternare A. C.; MéxicoFil: Balvanera, Patricia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas; MéxicoFil: Mwampamba, Tuyeni H.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas; MéxicoFil: Lazos Chavero, Elena. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas; MéxicoFil: Noellemeyer, Elke Johanna. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Maass, Manuel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas; Méxic

Treball d'educació farmacèutica adreçat al pacient amb dolor crònic

Treballs d'Educació Farmacèutica als ciutadans. Unitat Docent d'Estades en Pràctiques Tutelades. Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2017-2018. Tutors: Montserrat Iracheta i Marian March Pujol.Pràcticament tothom sent dolor en algun moment de la seva vida; quan et fas un tall al dit, quan tens mal de cap... És la manera que té el nostre cos d’avisar que alguna cosa no va bé. Un cop el mal es cura, ja no es té més dolor. A diferència del dolor agut, entès com un signe d’alarma i reacció del cos davant d’una agressió, en el dolor crònic no sempre trobem una causa òbvia que l’expliqui en tota la seva magnitud. El dolor, en aquest cas, és un dels símptomes d’un terme més ampli que és el patiment, on aspectes psicològics i socials juguen un paper molt important. És un dolor que perdura setmanes, mesos o, fins i tot, anys

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Early mobilisation in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a subanalysis of the ESICM-initiated UNITE-COVID observational study

Background Early mobilisation (EM) is an intervention that may improve the outcome of critically ill patients. There is limited data on EM in COVID-19 patients and its use during the first pandemic wave. Methods This is a pre-planned subanalysis of the ESICM UNITE-COVID, an international multicenter observational study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. We analysed variables associated with the initiation of EM (within 72 h of ICU admission) and explored the impact of EM on mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, as well as discharge location. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear mixed-effect models and ANOVAs. Results Mobilisation data from 4190 patients from 280 ICUs in 45 countries were analysed. 1114 (26.6%) of these patients received mobilisation within 72 h after ICU admission; 3076 (73.4%) did not. In our analysis of factors associated with EM, mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.25, 0.35; p = 0.001), higher age (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.00; p ≤ 0.001), pre-existing asthma (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.98; p = 0.028), and pre-existing kidney disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; p = 0.036) were negatively associated with the initiation of EM. EM was associated with a higher chance of being discharged home (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08, 1.58; p = 0.007) but was not associated with length of stay in ICU (adj. difference 0.91 days; 95% CI − 0.47, 1.37, p = 0.34) and hospital (adj. difference 1.4 days; 95% CI − 0.62, 2.35, p = 0.24) or mortality (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.7, 1.09, p = 0.24) when adjusted for covariates. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a quarter of COVID-19 patients received EM. There was no association found between EM in COVID-19 patients' ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality. However, EM in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased odds of being discharged home rather than to a care facility. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836065 (retrospectively registered April 8th 2021)

06. BLOQUE I Debate

Debat del Bloc I moderat per Jordi Franquesa, membre de l'equip organitzador, amb les intervencions entre altres de Daniel García-Escudero (Departament de Projectes Arquitectònics ETSAB UPC

Insulin and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide Ribonucleotide (AICAR) Differentially Regulate the Skeletal Muscle Cell Secretome

Skeletal muscle is a major contributor to whole-body glucose homeostasis and is an important endocrine organ. To date, few studies have undertaken the large-scale identification of skeletal muscle-derived secreted proteins (myokines), particularly in response to stimuli that activate pathways governing energy metabolism in health and disease. Whereas the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin-signaling pathways have received notable attention for their ability to independently regulate skeletal muscle substrate metabolism, little work has examined their ability to re-pattern the secretome. The present study coupled the use of high-resolution MS-based proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of conditioned media derived from 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR—an AMPK activator)- and insulin-treated differentiated C2C12 myotubes. We quantified 858 secreted proteins, including cytokines and growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor-21 (Fgf21). We identified 377 and 118 proteins that were significantly altered by insulin and AICAR treatment, respectively. Notably, the family of insulin growth factor binding-proteins (Igfbp) was differentially regulated by each treatment. Insulin- but not AICAR-induced conditioned media increased the mitochondrial respiratory capacity of myotubes, potentially via secreted factors. These findings may serve as an important resource to elucidate secondary metabolic effects of insulin and AICAR stimulation in skeletal muscle

00. Presentación de las VII Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA '19). Comité organizador

Presentació a càrrec del Comité Organitzador de les VII Jornades sobre Innovació Docent en Arquitectura (JIDA'19) | VII Workshop on Educational Innovation in Architecture (JIDA'19) | VII Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA '19). 14-15 noviembre. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (ETSAM)

Inauguración JIDA'21 Valladolid. Jornadas sobre Innovación docente en Arquitectura.

Inauguración de las Jornadas'21 celebradas en la Universidad de Valladolid con las intervenciones de: Julio Grijalba, Vicerector de Patrimonio de la Universidad de Valladolid; Darío Álvarez, Director de la ETSAVA; Fernando Díaz Pinés, Fundación Arquia y profesor titular de Proyectos en la ETSAVA; Sara Pérez Barreiro, Colegio de Arquitectos de Castilla y León; Jordi Franquesa, Organización JIDA ETSAB UPC; Berta Bardí i Milà, Codirectora JIDA ETSAB UPC; Daniel García-Escudero, Codirector JIDA ETSAB UPC.Inauguración de las Jornadas'21 celebradas en la Universidad de Valladolid con las intervenciones de: Julio Grijalba, Vicerector de Patrimonio de la Universidad de Valladolid; Darío Álvarez, Director de la ETSAVA; Fernando Díaz Pinés, Fundación Arquia y profesor titular de Proyectos en la ETSAVA; Sara Pérez Barreiro, del Colegio de Arquitectos de Castilla y León; Jordi Franquesa, Organización JIDA Barcelona; Berta Bardí i Milà, Codirectora JIDA UPC; Daniel García-Escudero, Codirector JI DA UPC

Prenatal infection and adolescent social adversity affect microglia, synaptic density, and behavior in male rats

Maternal infection during pregnancy and childhood social trauma have been associated with neurodevelopmental and affective disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder and depression. These disorders are characterized by changes in microglial cells, which play a notable role in synaptic pruning, and synaptic deficits. Here, we investigated the effect of prenatal infection and social adversity during adolescence – either alone or in combination – on behavior, microglia, and synaptic density. Male offspring of pregnant rats injected with poly I:C, mimicking prenatal infection, were exposed to repeated social defeat during adolescence. We found that maternal infection during pregnancy prevented the reduction in social behavior and increase in anxiety induced by social adversity during adolescence. Furthermore, maternal infection and social adversity, alone or in combination, induced hyperlocomotion in adulthood. Longitudinal in vivo imaging with [11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography revealed that prenatal infection alone and social adversity during adolescence alone induced a transient increase in translocator protein TSPO density, an indicator of glial reactivity, whereas their combination induced a long-lasting increase that remained until adulthood. Furthermore, only the combination of prenatal infection and social adversity during adolescence induced an increase in microglial cell density in the frontal cortex. Prenatal infection increased proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β protein levels in hippocampus and social adversity reduced anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 protein levels in hippocampus during adulthood. This reduction in IL-10 was prevented if rats were previously exposed to prenatal infection. Adult offspring exposed to prenatal infection or adolescent social adversity had a higher synaptic density in the frontal cortex, but not hippocampus, as evaluated by synaptophysin density. Interestingly, such an increase in synaptic density was not observed in rats exposed to the combination of prenatal infection and social adversity, perhaps due to the long-lasting increase in microglial density, which may lead to an increase in microglial synaptic pruning. These findings suggest that changes in microglia activity and cytokine release induced by prenatal infection and social adversity during adolescence may be related to a reduced synaptic pruning, resulting in a higher synaptic density and behavioral changes in adulthood