Post-hatching development of bovine embryos in vitro: the effects of tunnel preparation and gender.

The objective of this study was to compare morphological characteristics, kinetics of development, and gene expression ofmale and female IVP embryos thatwere cultured until day (D)15 (fertilization = D0), using either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Milli-Q water (MQW) to dilute the agarose gel used for tunnel construction. On D11, embryos (n = 286) were placed in agarose gel tunnels diluted in PBS and MQW. Embryos were evaluated for morphology, and embryo size was recorded on D11, D12.5, D14 and D15. Then, embryos were sexed and used for gene expression analyses (G6PD, GLUT1, GLUT3, PGK1, PLAC8, KRT8, HSF1 and IFNT). The percentage of elongated embryos at D15 was higher (p < 0.05) in the PBS (54%) than in theMQW(42%) gel. However, embryos produced inMQWwere bigger (p < 0.05) and had a lower expression of GLUT1 (p = 0.08) than those cultured in PBS. There was a higher proportion of male than female embryos at D15 in both treatments, MQW(65% vs. 35%; p < 0.05) and PBS (67% vs. 33%; p < 0.05); however, embryo size was not signi?cantly different between genders. Moreover, D15 female embryos had greater expression of G6PD (p = 0.05) and KRT8 (p = 0.03) than male embryos. In conclusion, the diluent used for tunnel construction affected embryo development in the post-hatching development (PHD) system, and the use ofMQWwas the most indicative measure for the evaluation of embryo quality. Male and female embryos cultured from D11 to D15, either in an MQW or PBS agarose gel, demonstrated similar development but different gene expression

Degradabilidade ruminal do farelo de algodão e da soja crua em bovinos recebendo bagaço de cana-de-açúcar submetido a tratamentos alcalinos

Foram utilizados 6 bovinos machos, mestiços, com 420 kg de peso vivo, dotados de fístula ruminal, para comparar a degradabilidade dos farelos de algodão e do grão de soja cru, em rações que continham 60% de matéria seca como volumoso de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar tratado por: A) solução de soda a 2%; B) solução de cinzas de madeira a 30%; e C) água. Os tratamentos foram feitos por imersão de bagaço nos líquidos e o delineamento escolhido foi do tipo change-over, com dois grupos de 3 animais cada. Os resultados mostraram que não houve efeito do  tratamento do volumoso da ração sobre a degradabilidade das fontes protéicas, e que a degradabilidade efetiva da proteína, com taxa de efluente ruminal 0,02, foi igual a 58,13% para o farelo de soja e 90,64% para o grão de soja cru. Concluiu-se que o tratamento do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar por soda, cinzas ou apenas água não interferiu nas taxas de degradação ruminal do farelo de algodão ou soja crua, em termos de matéria seca e de proteína bruta.Six crossbred castrated male steers, with 420 kg of average live weight and with rumen canulas, were used to estimate degradabilities of cotton seed oil meal and raw whole soybeans, in diets with 60% of dry matter as sugar cane bagasse (SCB) treated by: A) sodium hydroxyde 2% solution; B) wood ashes 30% solution and C) water. Treatments with solutions were made through SCB immersion. Statistical design was a change-over whit two groups of 3 animals each. Results showed no effect of SCB treatments over soybean and cotton seed protein degradabilities. Effective degradability was 58.13% (cotton seed) and 90.64% (raw soybeen), with rumen effluent rate of 0.02

Digestibility of sugar cane bagasse treated with solutions of NaOH and wood ashes

An apparent digestibility trial carried out with male sheep, studying sugar cane bagasse (SG B ) nutritive value, in a completely randomized design. SC B received three different imersion: A) 2 % NaOh solution; B) 30% wood ashes solution; C) water. Animals were placed in metabolic cages for 5 days for total collection of faeces and urine. All diets had 60% dry matter as SCB; 16,4% as corn grains; 10,4% as soybean meal; 10,4% as cotton seed meal, 1,8% as mineral and vitaminic premix. Average dry matter ration consumptions were A-0.508 kg (31.58 g/kg 0.75): B-0.472 kg (29.35 g/kg 0.75) and C-0.285 kg (17.22 g/kg 0.75). Digestion coefficients were: dry matter: 59.59% and 35.35% (p &lt; 0.05); crude protein: 56.49%; 58.99% and 57.93%; organic matter: 59.29; 48.18% and 37.51% (p &lt; 0.05); neutral detergent fiber: 59.22%; 43.78% and 25.88% (p &lt; 0.05), respectively for A, Band C treatmens. Concerning DM., O.M. and NDF, alkaline solution treatments improved SC B apparent digestion, NaOH being better than wood ashes, for this purpose.Um ensaio de digestibilidade aparente, com ovinos machos, castrados, foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, para estudar o valor nutritivo do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BCA) em três tratamentos, todos por imersão: A. Soda 2% peso/volume; B. Cinzas a 30%  peso/volume e C . Água. Os animais permaneceram em gaiolas metabólicas, com cinco dias de período de coleta total de fezes. Em todos os tratamentos as dietas eram compostas de 60% de BCA, 16,4% de grãos de milho, 10,4% de grãos de soja; 10,4% de farelo de algodão, 3,6% de premix mineral e vitamínico. O consumo médio diário de ração completa em quilos de MS e gramas por quilo de peso metabólico foi: A) 0,508 kg ( 31,58 g/kg); B) 0,462 kg (29,35 g/kg 0,75); e C) 0,285 kg (17,72 g/kg 0,75). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade foram: MS- 59,59%; 43,28%, 35,34% (P &lt; 0,05); P B - 56,49%, 58,89% e 57,93%; MO - 59,29%, 48,18%, 37,51% (P&lt;0,05); FDN - 59,22%, 43,78% e 25,88% (P &lt; 0,05), para os tratamentos A, B e C, respectivamente. No referente a MS, MO, NDF, os tratamentos alcalinos A - soda e B - cinzas de madeira melhoraram a digestibilidade aparente do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, sendo soda (A) superior às cinzas (B)

Fiber degradability of sugar cane bagasse treated by alkaline solutions, through the “in situ” nylon bag technique

O bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BCA) foi submetido a três tratamentos, sendo imerso em uma das seguintes soluções: (A) de NaOH (2% peso/volume), (B) de cinzas de madeira (30% peso/volume) e (C) em água. E constituiu 60% da matéria seca das dietas, junto com 40% de concentrados (milho, grão de soja e farelo de algodão), fornecidas em ensaios de degradabilidade ruminal para 6 bovinos com fístulas ruminais. O delineamento foi o “change-ovei” (3x3), adotando-se a técnica de sacos de náilon “in situ". A degradabilidade da MS às 48h foi (p&lt;0,05): (A) = 75,14%, (B) = 34,20%, (C) = 24,26%. A degradabilidade da fração FDN do BCA foi sempre maior (p&lt;0,05) no tratamento (A) do que nos demais; já a degradabilidade no tratamento B foi maior (p&lt;0,05) do que no C, às 72 e 96h. A degradabilidade da FDN às 48h de incubação foi: (A) = 74,01%, (B) = 41,61% e (C) = 35,72%. Concluiu-se que os tratamentos alcalinos (soda e cinzas de madeira) melhoram a degradabilidade ruminal do BCA, sendo a soda superior às cinzas.Sugar cane bagasse was treated by immersion in one of these solutions: A) NaOH 2% volume/weigth; B) wood ash solution 30% volume/weight and C) water alone. Treated bagasse made up 60% of dry matter ration, and the remaining 40% constituted of concentrate (corn, full fat soybean and cotton meal). Six fistulated steers in a change-over design 3x3 were used, for evaluation of fiber degradability in the rumen, through the “in situ” nylon bag technique. Dry matter degradability at 48h incubation time was: A = 75.1%; B = 34.2% and C = 24.2%; NDF degradability of NaOHtreated bagasse (A) was higher than in B or C treatments; degradability of B was higher than in C at 72h and 96h of incubation time. NDF degradability at 48 hour incubation time showed the following results: A = 74.0%; B = 41.6% and C = 35.7%. In conclusion, alkaline (NaOH and wood ash) treated sugar cane bagasse improves ruminal degradability, and NaOH is better than wood ash

Prognostic Impact of Diabetes and Prediabetes on Survival Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the GISSI-HF (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nella Insufficienza Cardiaca-Heart Failure) Trial

The independent prognostic impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes mellitus (pre-DM) on survival outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure has been investigated in observational registries and randomized, clinical trials, but the results have been often inconclusive or conflicting. We examined the independent prognostic impact of DM and pre-DM on survival outcomes in the GISSI-HF (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nella Insufficienza Cardiaca-Heart Failure) trial

Degradabilidade ruminal de camas de frangos pela técnica dos sacos de náilon in situ com bovinos

Avaliou-se a degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO) e proteína bruta (PB) de camas de frangos tendo como substrato cascas de arroz, cascas de amendoim e sabugo de milho, através da técnica de sacos de náilon in situ em bovinos dotados de fístulas permanentes de rúmen alimentados com silagem de milho e cama de frangos. O delineamento estatístico foi o de blocos ao acaso, com repetição dentro dos blocos, e os resultados obtidos foram: a degradabilidade efetiva da MS (calculada para taxa de passagem de 0,02) da cama de cascas de amendoim (70,07%) igualou a degradabilidade da cama de sabugo de milho (67,42%) e ambas superaram (p&lt;0,05) a da cama de cascas de arroz (60,68%), sendo estes achados semelhantes para a MO (cama de cascas de amendoim: 67,66%; sabugo de milho: 67,43%; cascas de arroz: 60,74%). Para a PB, a degradabilidade efetiva da cama de sabugo de milho (78,39%) foi significativamente menor (p&lt;0,05) quando comparada às camas de cascas de amendoim (83,23%) ou cascas de arroz (83,97%). A casca de amendoim igualou o sabugo de milho, material considerado de boa qualidade na confecção de camas de frangos para utilização na alimentação animal (ruminantes), e superou a casca de arroz.Ruminal dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) degradabilities of poultry litter containing either rice hulls, peanuts hulls or corn cobs were estimated through in situ nylon bag technique with rumen fistulated heifers fed with corn silage and poultry litter. Statistical design was randomized blocks. The results showed that DM effective degradability of peanuts hulls poultry litter (70.07%) was similar to corn cobs (67.42%) and higher than (p&lt;0.05) rice hulls (60.68%). Similar results were observed for OM (peanuts hulls: 67.66%; corn cobs: 67.43%; rice hulls: 60.74%). CP effective degradability of corn cobs poultry litter (78.39%) was lower than (p&lt;0.05) peanuts hulls (83.23%) or rice hulls (83.97%). Peanuts hulls and corn cobs were better materials than rice hulls

Degradabilidade ruminal de forragens nas formas verde e desidratada. II. Degradabilidade da soja perene (Neonotonia wightii) e da alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) pela técnica dos sacos de náilon "in situ" com bovinos dotados de fístula ruminal

Ruminal degradability rates for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) of alfafa and perennial soybean, both fresh and artificially dried, were determined by nylon bags “in situ" technique. Eight male rumen fistulated crossbred steers were used in change-over design 4 x 4, to test the following treatments. A) perennial soybean fresh; B) perennial soybean dehidrated; C) alfafa fresh and D) alfafa dehidrated. There were no statistically significant differences for DM or CP. The DM degradability rates at 48 hours were: 56.89%; 58.73%; 59.55% and 55.43%. The CP degradability at 12,24 and 48 hours was higher for perennial soybean. No statiscal differences were found between fresh and dehidrated roughages. CP degradability rates at 48 hours of incubation time were 20.10%; 21.63%; 35.71% and 29.61% respectively for treatments A, B, C and D.As taxas de degradação ruminal da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra bruta (FB) das leguminosas alfafa e soja perene, nas formas verde e desidratada, foram determinadas pela técnica dos sacos de náilon “ in situ”. Oito bovinos machos mestiços, com fístulas de rúmen, foram usados em um delineamento “change-over” com dois grupos de 4 animais, para testar os seguintes tratamentos: A) soja perene verde; B) soja perene desidratada; C) alfafa verde; D) alfafa desidratada. Os resultados mostraram-se estatisticamente semelhantes para MS e PB. As taxas de degradabilidade foram as seguintes, com 48 horas de incubação: MS = 56,89%; 58, 73%; 59,55% e 55,43%; PB = 73,91%; 74,43%; 76,44% e 71,16%. Para fibra bruta a degradabilidade da soja perene foi mais elevada que a da alfafa, nos períodos de 12, 24 e 48 horas de incubação, não havendo diferenças entre as formas verde e desidratada. Os resultados para 48 horas de incubação foram: 20,10%; 21,63%; 35,71% e 29,61%, nos tratamentos A, B, C e D respectivamente

Conversión de prueba cutánea de derivado proteico purificado durante el tratamiento con anti-TNF-α

Introducción: los anti-TNF-α se asocian con mayor riesgo de desarrollar tuberculosis (TB). La prueba del derivado proteico purificado (purified protein derivative, PPD) se emplea para diagnosticar infección de tuberculosis latente (ITL). Se recomienda el cribado para TB previo al inicio de terapia anti-TNF-α y el seguimiento para evaluar la posible conversión de la PPD durante el tratamiento. El tratamiento de la ITL puede reducir el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad activa en un 90%. Objetivos: actualmente los resultados de conversión de la PPD y su interpretación durante el tratamiento anti-TNF-α son variables, por tal motivo nos propusimos conocer la frecuencia de conversión de la PPD en este grupo de pacientes de nuestro medio

Prescription appropriateness of anti-diabetes drugs in elderly patients hospitalized in a clinical setting: evidence from the REPOSI Register

Diabetes is an increasing global health burden with the highest prevalence (24.0%) observed in elderly people. Older diabetic adults have a greater risk of hospitalization and several geriatric syndromes than older nondiabetic adults. For these conditions, special care is required in prescribing therapies including anti- diabetes drugs. Aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness and the adherence to safety recommendations in the prescriptions of glucose-lowering drugs in hospitalized elderly patients with diabetes. Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the REgistro POliterapie-Società Italiana Medicina Interna (REPOSI) that collected clinical information on patients aged ≥ 65 years acutely admitted to Italian internal medicine and geriatric non-intensive care units (ICU) from 2010 up to 2019. Prescription appropriateness was assessed according to the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria and anti-diabetes drug data sheets.Among 5349 patients, 1624 (30.3%) had diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. At admission, 37.7% of diabetic patients received treatment with metformin, 37.3% insulin therapy, 16.4% sulfonylureas, and 11.4% glinides. Surprisingly, only 3.1% of diabetic patients were treated with new classes of anti- diabetes drugs. According to prescription criteria, at admission 15.4% of patients treated with metformin and 2.6% with sulfonylureas received inappropriately these treatments. At discharge, the inappropriateness of metformin therapy decreased (10.2%, P &lt; 0.0001). According to Beers criteria, the inappropriate prescriptions of sulfonylureas raised to 29% both at admission and at discharge. This study shows a poor adherence to current guidelines on diabetes management in hospitalized elderly people with a high prevalence of inappropriate use of sulfonylureas according to the Beers criteria