Rediseño y construcción de un nebulizador portátil con medidor de flujo espiratorio máximo electrónico para prevenir y tratar episodios de crisis asmática en niños

El siguiente Proyecto de Grado evidencia la investigación realizada alrededor del tema del asma como una de las enfermedades respiratorias de mayor incidencia en el mundo y una de las principales causantes de muertes, con un alto porcentaje de casos en niños. Dicha patología no se puede curar, pero un tratamiento adecuado permite controlar la enfermedad y disfrutar de una buena calidad de vida; debido a esta razón, se hace necesaria la implementación en el mercado de equipos confiables que permitan monitorear y abordar los síntomas de manera más cómoda y segura desde el hogar.xviii, 90 p., + presentación (44 diapositivas), + anexos (129 p.)Contenido parcial: Causas del asma -- Factores etiológicos -- Síntomas del asma -- Diagnóstico -- Tratamiento -- Equipos para terapia respiratoria -- Especificaciones del producto

Teaching medical statistics to undergraduate medical students: what is taught and what is really useful for a medical professional? A report of the Education Committee of the Italian Society of Medical Statistics and Clinical Epidemiology (SISMEC)

Background: There is a large heterogeneity among the courses of medical statistics in Italian Medical Schools.  Aims: (1) To describe issues that are dealt with in the statistics undergraduate medical courses in Italian medical Schools. (2) To investigate which methodological topics are deemed as more useful for the education of undergraduate medical students by clinical teachers.  Methods: (1) An online questionnaire, covering the qualifying teaching issues of medical statistics, was sent to all academic biostatisticians, asking what they were teaching to undergraduate medical students. The reference year was 2015-2016. Undergraduate medical courses were the statistical units. (2) A second survey involved teachers of other medical disciplines with institutional roles, asking to score the usefulness for medical education of a number of topics concerning medical statistics, on a 5-point Likert scale. Only descriptive analyses were performed.  Results: Fifty-two (96%) case report forms (CRF) were returned from teachers of medical statistics. Most statistical and epidemiological topics were taught except comparison of >2 groups, impact of biases and standardization of rates. Conversely, issues of clinical epidemiology were neglected in about half of degree courses.  Thirty-three (31%) CRFs were returned from clinical teachers. The percentage of issues deemed very useful or essential ranged from 57% to 94%, with higher scores for those referring to critical assessment of the literature.  Conclusions: More extensive coverage of clinical epidemiology issues is needed to meet the demand of physicians, as responsible consumers of quantitative research. As biostatisticians we should operate to increase the homogeneity of medical statistics teaching in medical undergraduates’ educatio

Nitrogen and energy partitioning in two genetic groups of pigs fed low-protein diets at 130 kg body weight

The aim was to evaluate the effect of low-protein (LP) or low-amino acid diets on digestibility, energy and nitrogen (N) utilisation in 2 genetic groups (GG) of pigs (129±11 kg BW). Duroc×Large White (A) pigs were chosen to represent a traditional GG for ham production, and Danbred Duroc (D) pigs to represent a GG with fast growing rate and high carcass lean yield. Dietary treatments: a conventional diet (CONV) containing 13.2% CP, and two LP diets, one with LP (10.4%) and low essential AA (LP1), the second with LP (9.7%) and high essential AA (LP2). Compared to CONV, LP2 had the same essential AA content per unit feed, while LP1 the same essential AA content per unit CP. Feed was restricted (DMI=6.8% BW0.75). Four consecutive digestibility/balances periods were conducted with 24 barrows, 12 A and 12 D. Metabolic cages and respiration chambers were used. No significant difference between diets was registered for digestibility. Nitrogen excreted: 41.3, 33.4 and 29.0 g/d (P=0.009), for CONV, LP1 and LP2 diets, respectively. Nitrogen retention was similar between the diets. Heat production (HP) was the lowest for LP diets. There was a tendency (P=0.079) for a lower energy digestibility in D group. The D pigs also had a higher HP and hence a lower retained energy in comparison with the A pigs. In conclusion: it is possible to reduce N excretion using very LP diets and LP-low AA diets; Danbred GG have a higher heat production and a lower energy retention than A pigs

Relationships between in vivo Measurements of Backfat Thickness and Several Carcass and Ham Traits in Heavy Pigs

This study investigated the relationships between ultrasound measurements of backfat thickness (UBF) taken on live heavy pigs and several carcass composition and ham quality traits. Before slaughter 240 pigs were weighed (average BW: 167 ±10 kg) and assessed for UBF using an A-mode ultrasonic device (placed above the last rib at approximately 5.5 to 8.0 cm from midline, with increasing distance with increasing BW). At slaughterhouse backfat thickness and weight of carcass and of commercial lean and fat cuts were collected. Aft er 24-h chilling, hams were trimmed, weighed, scored and measured for several quality traits. A sample of trimmed fat was taken to assess iodine number and linoleic acid content. All hams were cured, and weight losses during curing were recorded. The measures of UBF were correlated with all carcass and ham traits available. The strongest relationships with UBF were detected for backfat depth at loin (0.54), backfat weight and yield (0.69), overall yield of lean and fat cuts (-0.59 and 0.51, respectively), score or measure of ham fat covering thickness (0.62 and 0.53, respectively), and linoleic acid content of ham subcutaneous fat (- 0.48). Magnitude of correlations does not provide reliable prediction of carcass, but ultrasound assessment on live animals could be useful to support selection programs of heavy pigs aimed to dry-cured ham production. Further studies are needed to investigate genetic relationships between these traits and UBF

Clinic manifestations in granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), is an uncommon immunologically mediated systemic small-vessel vasculitis that is pathologically characterised by an inflammatory reaction pattern (necrosis, granulomatous inflammation and vasculitis) that occurs in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and kidneys. Although the aetiology of GPA remains largely unknown, it is believed to be autoimmune in origin and triggered by environmental events on a background of genetic susceptibility.In Europe, the prevalence of GPA is five cases per 100,000 population, with greater incidence in Northern Europe. GPA can occur in all racial groups but predominantly affects Caucasians. Both sexes are affected equally. GPA affects a wide age range (age range, 8-99 years).Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is characterised by necrotising granulomatous lesions of the respiratory tract, vasculitis and glomerulonephritis. Classically, the acronym ELK is used to describe the clinical involvement of the ear, nose and throat (ENT); lungs; and kidneys. Because the upper respiratory tract is involved in 70-100% of cases of GPA, classic otorhinolaryngologic symptoms may be the first clinical manifestation of disease. The nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses are the most common sites of involvement in the head and neck area (85-100%), whereas otological disease is found in approximately 35% (range, 19-61%) of cases.Diagnosis of GPA is achieved through clinical assessment, serological tests for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and histological analysis. The 10-year survival rate is estimated to be 40% when the kidneys are involved and 60-70% when there is no kidney involvement.The standard therapy for GPA is a combination of glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. In young patients, cyclophosphamide should be switched to azathioprine in the maintenance phase.A multidisciplinary approach, involving otorhinolaryngologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, oral physicians, rheumatologists, renal and respiratory physicians, and ophthalmologists, is necessary for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of GPA. ENT physicians have a determining role in recognising the early onset of the disease and starting an appropriate therapy

Índice de estrés hídrico para la definición del riego en el cultivo de Papa variedad única (Solanum tuberosum) vía termografía

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Riego y DrenajeLa presente investigación trata de los aspectos teóricos y metodológicos, teniendo como objetivo determinar el índice de estrés hídrico de la papa (Solanum tuberosum l.) variedad única vía termografía, con fines de aplicación de riego en condiciones de la Molina.The present investigation deals with the theoretical and methodological aspects, having as objective to determine the index of hydric stress of the potato (Solanum tuberusum l.) single variety via thermography, for the purpose of applying irrigation in La Molina conditions

From autoimmune hepatitis to Q fever

Q fever is an infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Its clinical presentation is often nonspecific and the serological diagnosis difficult to make, especially in the absence of specific and suspected medical history. This article presents a case of fever of unknown origin (FUO), interpreted as an autoimmune hepatitis, later proven by the liver biopsy to be a granulomatous hepatitis caused by C. burnetii. The approach to FUO, the features of granulomatous hepatitis and Q fever are presented and discussed