Chocha perdiz – Scolopax rusticola Linnaeus, 1758

Aves - Orden Charadriiformes - Familia Scolopacidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 31-07-2013A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola in Spain.Peer reviewe

Picamaderos negro – Dryocopus martius (Linnaeus, 1758)

Aves - Orden Piciformes - Familia Picidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 3-04-2014; 12-06-2014; 1-12-2014A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Black woodpecker Dryocopus martius in Spain.Peer reviewe

Influence of thromboembolic events in the prognosis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Results from a cross sectional study

Background COVID-19 may predispose to both venous and arterial thromboembolism event (TEE). Reports on the prevalence and prognosis of thrombotic complications are still emerging. Objective To describe the rate of TEE complications and its influence in the prognosis of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 after a cross-sectional study. Methods We evaluated the prevalence of TEE and its relationship with in-hospital death among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were admitted between 1st March to 20th April 2020 in a multicentric network of sixteen Hospitals in Spain. TEE was defined by the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), systemic arterial embolism or myocardial infarction (MI). Results We studied 1737 patients with proven COVID-19 infection of whom 276 died (15.9%). TEE were presented in 64 (3.7%) patients: 49 (76.6%) patients had a VTE, 8 (12.5%) patients had MI, 6 (9.4%%) patients had AIS, and one (1.5%) patient a thrombosis of portal vein. TEE patients exhibited a diffuse profile: older, high levels of D-dimer protein and a tendency of lower levels of prothrombin. The multivariate regression models, confirmed the association between in-hospital death and age (odds ratio [OR] 1.12 [95% CI 1.10–1.14], p<0.001), diabetes (OR 1.49 [95% CI 1.04–2.13], p = 0.029), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.61 [95% CI 1.03–2.53], p = 0.039), ICU care (OR 9.39 [95% CI 5.69–15.51], p<0.001), and TTE (OR 2.24 [95% CI 1.17–4.29], p = 0.015). Conclusions Special attention is needed among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with TTE and other comorbidities as they have an increased risk of in-hospital death.We thank HM Hospitales for making their data publicly available as part of the COVID Data Save Lives project

Assessing the Real-Time Informational Content of Macroeconomic Data Releases for Now-/Forecasting GDP: Evidence for Switzerland

This study utilizes the dynamic factor model of Giannone et al. (2008) in order to make now-/forecasts of GDP quarter-on-quarter growth rates in Switzerland. It also assesses the informational content of macroeconomic data releases for forecasting of the Swiss GDP. We find that the factor model offers a substantial improvement in forecast accuracy of GDP growth rates compared to a benchmark naive constant-growth model at all forecast horizons and at all data vintages. The largest forecast accuracy is achieved when GDP nowcasts for an actual quarter are made about three months ahead of the official data release. We also document that both business tendency surveys as well as stock market indices possess the largest informational content for GDP forecasting although their ranking depends on the underlying transformation of monthly indicators from which the common factors are extracted.Business tendency surveys, Forecasting, Nowcasting, Real-time data, Dynamic factor model

Importancia del fallo orgánico de inicio en la evolución de la pancreatitis aguda

Se ha estimado que la pancreatitis aguda (PA) tiene una mortalidad en torno al 5%, siendo practicamente nula en las PA leves y llegando al 30%-50% en las PA graves. Se ha determinado que el fallo orgánico (FO) y la infección de la necrosis pancreática son los dos principales determinantes de la mortalidad. Se ha observado que el FO que se resuelve en 48 horas o menos (FO transitorio) tiene mejor pronóstico que el FO que se prolonga durante más de 48 horas (FO persistente). No existen estudios que valoren la importancia del FO de inicio (FOI) que se desarrolla en las primeras 48 horas tras el ingreso. En nuestra serie de 901 pacientes observamos que los pacientes con FOI persistente presentan, comparado con los pacientes sin FOI y pacientes con FOI transitorio, una peor evolución de la PA, con mayor mortalidad, aumento del riesgo en UCI, un incremento del tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, así como una mayor frecuencia de complicaciones locales incluyendo el desarrollo de necrosis pancreatica, infección de la necrosis y pseudoquiste. El FOI persistente es el factor más determinante en la mortalidad de la PA, siendo superior a la necrosis infectada. Los pacientes con FOI transitorio presentan una mayor frecuencia de complicaciones que los pacientes sin FOI, en cambio no presentan un incremento de riesgo de ingresar en UCI ni de mortalidad

El raro oso cantábrico

Algo más del centenar de ejemplares, con menos de una veintena en el núcleo oriental (Redes, Picos de Europa, Fuentes Carrionas y La Liébana), hacen del oso pardo cantábrico una especie críticamente amenazada. Enormes dominios vitales, gran movilidad y vida frugal, condicionada por la montanera de robles, hayas y castaños, caracterizan los hábitos del plantígrado. Disparos furtivos, lazos y veneno provocan una mortalidad no natural funesta. Los estudios de la Universidad de León, con el radiomarcaje de Salsero en Riaño, desvelaron aspectos inéditos de historia natura

Preclinical evidence of remote ischemic conditioning in ischemic stroke, a metanalysis update

Cellular neuroscience; Molecular neuroscience; Neuro-vascular interactionsNeurociència cel·lular; Neurociència molecular; Interaccions neurovascularsNeurociencia celular; Neurociencia molecular; Interacciones neurovascularesRemote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke patients. It has been proven that RIC reduces infarct size and improves functional outcomes. RIC can be applied either before ischemia (pre-conditioning; RIPreC), during ischemia (per-conditioning; RIPerC) or after ischemia (post-conditioning; RIPostC). Our aim was to systematically determine the efficacy of RIC in reducing infarct volumes and define the cellular pathways involved in preclinical animal models of ischemic stroke. A systematic search in three databases yielded 50 peer-review articles. Data were analyzed using random effects models and results expressed as percentage of reduction in infarct size (95% CI). A meta-regression was also performed to evaluate the effects of covariates on the pooled effect-size. 95.3% of analyzed experiments were carried out in rodents. Thirty-nine out of the 64 experiments studied RIPostC (61%), sixteen examined RIPreC (25%) and nine tested RIPerC (14%). In all studies, RIC was shown to reduce infarct volume (− 38.36%; CI − 42.09 to − 34.62%) when compared to controls. There was a significant interaction caused by species. Short cycles in mice significantly reduces infarct volume while in rats the opposite occurs. RIPreC was shown to be the most effective strategy in mice. The present meta-analysis suggests that RIC is more efficient in transient ischemia, using a smaller number of RIC cycles, applying larger length of limb occlusion, and employing barbiturates anesthetics. There is a preclinical evidence for RIC, it is safe and effective. However, the exact cellular pathways and underlying mechanisms are still not fully determined, and its definition will be crucial for the understanding of RIC mechanism of action.This study was supported by the Government of Catalonia-Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (FP: 2017 SGR 1628), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by European Union (ERDF/ESF, “Investing in your future”) (FP: Project PI17-01725) and the INVICTUS plus Research Network (Carlos III Health Institute). C.T-Q. was supported by a Grant from Contratos predoctorales de formación en investigación en salud (PFIS; FI18/00319)

Platelet levels and age are determinants of survival after mild–moderate TBI: A prospective study in Spain

IntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a very important reason for consultation in emergency departments.MethodsA hospital cohort study with patients who attended a hospital emergency department between June 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020 due to TBI was studied. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were recorded. The levels of biomarkers and management variables were used. Qualitative variables were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test, and quantitative variables using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Survival analyses were performed by fitting a multivariable Cox regression model for patient survival during the follow-up of the study in relation to the patient's characteristics upon admission to the emergency department.ResultsA total of 540 patients were included. The mean age was 83 years, and 53.9% of the patients were men. Overall, 112 patients (20.7%) died during the study follow-up. The mortality rate per 100 person-years was 14.33 (11.8–17.24), the most frequent mechanism being falls in the home, with none caused on public roads. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model showed that survival after TBI was significantly associated with age, S100 levels, Charlson index, patient's institutionalized status, the place where the TBI occurred, and hemoglobin and platelet levels.DiscussionThe most common profile for a patient with a TBI was male and aged between 80 and 90 years. The combination of the variables age, Charlson index, place of TBI occurrence, and hemoglobin and platelet levels could offer early prediction of survival in our population independently of TBI severity. With the data obtained, a therapeutic algorithm could be established for patients suffering from mild TBI, allowing the patient to be supervised at home, avoiding futile referrals to emergency services