Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles in Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose and/or Hemoglobin A1c 5.7% to 6.4%: Evidence for a Gradient According to Diagnostic Criteria. The PREDAPS Study

It has been suggested that the early detection of individuals with prediabetes can help prevent cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the current study was to examine the cardiometabolic risk profile in patients with prediabetes according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and/or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) criteria. Cross-sectional analysis from the 2022 patients in the Cohort study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS Study) was developed. Four glycemic status groups were defined based on American Diabetes Association criteria. Information about cardiovascular risk factors-body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, gamma-glutamyltransferase, glomerular filtration-and metabolic syndrome components were analyzed. Mean values of clinical and biochemical characteristics and frequencies of metabolic syndrome were estimated adjusting by age, sex, educational level, and family history of diabetes. A linear trend (P < 0.001) was observed in most of the cardiovascular risk factors and in all components of metabolic syndrome. Normoglycemic individuals had the best values, individuals with both criteria of prediabetes had the worst, and individuals with only one-HbA1c or FPG-criterion had an intermediate position. Metabolic syndrome was present in 15.0% (95% confidence interval: 12.6-17.4), 59.5% (54.0-64.9), 62.0% (56.0-68.0), and 76.2% (72.8-79.6) of individuals classified in normoglycemia, isolated HbA1c, isolated FPG, and both criteria groups, respectively. In conclusion, individuals with prediabetes, especially those with both criteria, have worse cardiometabolic risk profile than normoglycemic individuals. These results suggest the need to use both criteria in the clinical practice to identify those individuals with the highest cardiovascular risk, in order to offer them special attention with intensive lifestyle intervention programs

Dynamics of Neospora caninum-Associated Abortions in a Dairy Sheep Flock and Results of a Test-and-Cull Control Programme

[EN] Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that can cause abortions and perinatal mortality in sheep. Although ovine neosporosis has been described worldwide, there is a lack of information about the relationship between N. caninum serostatus and the reproductive performance. In this study, we described the infection dynamics in a dairy sheep flock with an abortion rate up to 25% and a N. caninum seroprevalence of 32%. Abortions were recorded in 36% and 9% of seropositive and seronegative sheep, respectively. Seropositive sheep were more likely to abort twice (OR = 4.44) or three or more times (OR = 10.13) than seronegative sheep. Endogenous transplacental transmission was the main route of transmission since 86% of seropositive sheep had seropositive offspring. Within dams that had any abortion, seropositive sheep were more likely than seronegative ones to have female descendants that aborted (OR = 8.12). The slight increase in seropositivity with the age, the low percentage of animals with postnatal seroconversion or with low avidity antibodies, and the seropositivity of one flock dog, indicated that horizontal transmission might have some relevance in this flock. A control programme based on selective culling of seropositive sheep and replacement with seronegative animals was effective in reducing the abortion rate to 7.2%SIThis study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019- 104713RB-C21). R.S.-S. was funded by the Community of Madrid, Spain (PLATESA2, S2018/BAA- 4370) and M.F.-E. by UCM-Santander/2017 predoctoral grants. L.M. Ortega-Mora and G. Alvarez- Garcia are part of the TOXOSOURCES consortium, supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No 773830: One Health European Joint Programme

Evolución de pacientes con prediabetes en Atención Primaria de Salud (PREDAPS): resultados del primer año de seguimiento

En 2012, la Red de Grupos de Estudio de la Diabetes en Atención Primaria de la Salud (redGDPS) inició el Estudio PREDAPS con la finalidad de determinar la incidencia de diabetes en individuos con prediabetes e identificar los factores asociados al desarrollo de la enfermedad y de sus complicaciones. En la etapa basal se incluyeron 2022 participantes, formando dos cohortes: una cohorte de 838 sujetos sin alteraciones del metabolismo de la glucosa y otra cohorte de 1184 sujetos con prediabetes. Durante el año 2013 se realizó la primera visita de seguimiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar los principales resultados obtenidos en este primer año de seguimiento y evaluar la relación entre diversos factores registrados en la etapa basal y la incidencia de diabetes en la cohorte de sujetos con prediabetes

Modifiable risk factors associated with prediabetes in men and women: a cross-sectional analysis of the cohort study in primary health care on the evolution of patients with prediabetes (PREDAPS-Study)

Background: Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes development, but little is known about the factors associated with this state. The aim of the study was to identify modifiable risk factors associated with the presence of prediabetes in men and women. Methods: Cohort Study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS-Study) is a prospective study on a cohort of 1184 subjects with prediabetes and another cohort of 838 subjects without glucose metabolism disorders. It is being conducted by 125 general practitioners in Spain. Data for this analysis were collected during the baseline stage in 2012. The modifiable risk factors included were: smoking habit, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, inadequate diet, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. To assess independent association between each factor and prediabetes, odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: Abdominal obesity, low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and hypertension were independently associated with the presence of prediabetes in both men and women. After adjusting for all factors, the respective ORs (95% Confidence Intervals) were 1.98 (1.41-2.79), 1.88 (1.23-2.88) and 1.86 (1.39-2.51) for men, and 1.89 (1.36-2.62), 1.58 (1.12-2.23) and 1.44 (1.07-1.92) for women. Also, general obesity was a risk factor in both sexes but did not reach statistical significance among men, after adjusting for all factors. Risky alcohol consumption was a risk factor for prediabetes in men, OR 1.49 (1.00-2.24). Conclusions: Obesity, low HDL-cholesterol levels, and hypertension were modifiable risk factors independently related to the presence of prediabetes in both sexes. The magnitudes of the associations were stronger for men than women. Abdominal obesity in both men and women displayed the strongest association with prediabetes. The findings suggest that there are some differences between men and women, which should be taken into account when implementing specific recommendations to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in adult population. Keywords: Prediabetes, Modifiable risk factors, Primary health care, Men, Women, Spai

Dynamics of Neospora caninum-Associated Abortions in a Dairy Sheep Flock and Results of a Test-and-Cull Control Programme

Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that can cause abortions and perinatal mortality in sheep. Although ovine neosporosis has been described worldwide, there is a lack of information about the relationship between N. caninum serostatus and the reproductive performance. In this study, we described the infection dynamics in a dairy sheep flock with an abortion rate up to 25% and a N. caninum seroprevalence of 32%. Abortions were recorded in 36% and 9% of seropositive and seronegative sheep, respectively. Seropositive sheep were more likely to abort twice (OR = 4.44) or three or more times (OR = 10.13) than seronegative sheep. Endogenous transplacental transmission was the main route of transmission since 86% of seropositive sheep had seropositive offspring. Within dams that had any abortion, seropositive sheep were more likely than seronegative ones to have female descendants that aborted (OR = 8.12). The slight increase in seropositivity with the age, the low percentage of animals with postnatal seroconversion or with low avidity antibodies, and the seropositivity of one flock dog, indicated that horizontal transmission might have some relevance in this flock. A control programme based on selective culling of seropositive sheep and replacement with seronegative animals was effective in reducing the abortion rate to 7.2%

Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2, 445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD

Itinerarios geológicos

Instrumento dirigido a los profesores del Ciclo Superior de EGB y Enseñanzas Medias, con el que planificar y dirigir las actividades complementarias fuera del aula. Se plantea la realización de un trabajo por parte de alumnos y profesores en el que se pretende mostrar los principales rasgos geológicos de la región e iniciar a los primeros en el método científico para el caso del trabajo geológico de campo, a la vez que se trata de aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos en el aula. Se ofrecen tres itinerarios, Mioño-Castro Urdiales, Castro Urdiales (cementerio)-Sonabia y Liendo-Laredo, en Cantabria. En cada caso se estudian los aspectos geológicos que se pueden identificar a lo largo tanto de la línea de costa como de la carretera nacional 634. Dichos aspectos comprenden la litología, la geomorfología tectónica o influencia antrópica. Los contenidos a estudiar han sido adaptados al COU, lo que no excluye su posible seguimiento por alumnos de niveles inferiores. Para ello sería precisa una adaptación de tales contenidos a los mismos.CantabriaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín 5 -3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Cathodoluminescence and diagenesis in rudist shells (Bivalvia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Gredilla de Sedaño (Northern Burgos, Spain)

The Quintanaloma Fm (Campanian-Maastrichtian) was deposited in a shallow marine environment and contains a lot of rudist shells (Hippuritidae and Radiolitidae), some of them in life position. From a diagenetic point of view, the Radiolitidae seem to be the more interesting, because their cellular microstructure («honeycomb») is-propitious for cement precipitation and mineral authigenesis. Taking into consideration that a pristine composition of the bivalve shells implies the lack of activators such as Mn++, the presence of luminescence in shells can be explained in terms of organic matter diagenetic alteration. Cathodoluminescence (CL) demonstrates that the more obscure and organic-rich a part of the shell, the more luminescent is. Luminescence in radiolitid shells is more evident just in the transition from the upper part of the walls to the base of the subsequent growth line. This could be explained as a result of a vital effect, when the organism needs to reinforce the epitelial mantle, or increase the secretion of extra-paleal liquids. The diagenetic alteration degree was not enough to homogenize the luminescence of the whole shell. From microscopic observations, diagenesis in radiolitid shells developes at two levels: 1) cement precipitation (intense-red dolomite rhombs; well-zoned A cements, some of them «dogtooth»-type; and blotchy/irregularly-zoned blocky calcite B cement); and 2) two phases of recrystallization, which sharply and indiscriminately eliminate the luminiscence of both shells and previous cement

Life span and growth rates of radiolitid rudist shells (Bivalvia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Gredilla de Sedaño (Northern Burgos, Spain)

Eight radiolitid shells (Hippuritacea, Bivalvia) collected from the Upper Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian sediments of the Quintanaloma Formation at Gredilla de Sedaño section (Northern Burgos, Spain) have been studied with regard to their arrangement of growth lines for a first approximation to their life span. The walls that separate internal skeletal cells («honeycomb») as well as the compact layers showing the alternance of obscure and clear lines (microrhythms) have allowed to us to make a first account of laminae sets. The very thin microrhythms are grouped in sets separated by growth lines. The more vigorous growth of the rudist, the thicker development of laminae within the walls, even overlying the growth line. The calculations suggest that Biradiolites could have had a more continuous growth in comparison to Radiolites, and could live in normal environmental conditions as much as 18-19 years in age. On the other hand, the individuals of Radiolites could live between 15 and 24 years in age. Some specimens of Biradiolites could grow up to 1.5 cm. in length during the better youth year, in contrast with Radiolites, which could not reach up to 1 cm each year lacking growth lines in practically all the annual cycles. Nevertheless, some slight Interruptions into the laminae series of Biradiolites suggest reproductive periods, or perhaps a response to variations In sedimentation rate. Radiolites shows non-erosive annual truncations in their sclerochronological profiles suggesting "biological" rather than physical gaps. The absence of evaporitic manifestations in the sediments leads us to think in possible annual changes in water salinity owed to seasonal factors (rain periods