La fijación externa en el tratamiento de las fracturas de extremidad distal de radio: Revisión de 83 casos

Se presenta un estudio retrospectivo de 83 casos de fractura de extremidad distal de radio tratadas con fijación externa, exclusivamente o asociada a otros métodos de tratamiento, con un seguimiento medio de 15 meses. Se han revisado las indicaciones y se han valorado los resultados mediante el protocolo de evaluación clínica propuesto por Gartland y Werley, modificado por Sarmiento; y la evaluación radiológica según los criterios de Linström, ampliados por Van Der Linden y Ericsson. Se obtuvieron resultados excelentes en 9 casos, buenos en 44 casos, regulares en 24 y malos en 6 casos. La complicación más frecuente hallada fue la osteopenia difusa del carpo (50%) y la causa más común de discapacidad residual, la articulación radiocubital distal. De los resultados concluimos que la fijación externa es un método correcto para el tratamiento de las fracturas de extremidad distal de radio, aunque son necesarias en algunos casos otras técnicas añadidas para conseguir una aceptable congruencia articular y minimizar la cifra de resultados inaceptables.Retrospective study on 83 cases of distal radius fractures in treatment with external fixation, exclusively or associated with other treatment methods, with an average follow-up of 45 months. Indications have been revised and results have been valued through the medical record of clinical evaluation proposed by Gartland and Werley, modified by Sarmiento, and the radiological evaluation accordinf to Linström's criterions, amplified by Van Der Linden and Ericson. Excellent results have been obtained in 9 cases, good ones in 44 cases, not bad ones in 24 cases, bad ones in 6 cases. The most frequent complication found was the carpus wide osteopeny (50%) and the most common cause of residual discapacity, the distal radioulnar joint. We conclude, from the results, that the external fixation is a correct method for the treatment of distal radius fractures, although other added techniques are necessary, in some cases, in order to achieve an acceptable articular congruity and minimize the number of unacceptable results

A non-linear quasi-3D model with Flux-Corrected-Transport for engine gas-exchange modelling

Modelling has proven to be an important tool in the design of manifolds and silencers for internal combustion engines. Although simple 1D models are generally sufficiently precise in the case of manifold models, they would usually fail to predict the high frequency behaviour of modern compact manifold designs and, of course, of a complex-shaped silencing system. Complete 3D models are able to account for transversal modes and other non-1D phenomena, but at a high computational cost. A suitable alternative is provided by time-domain non-linear quasi-3D models, whose computational cost is relatively low but still providing an accurate description of the high frequency behaviour of certain elements. In this paper, a quasi-3D model which makes use of a non-linear second order time and space discretization based on finite volumes is presented. As an alternative for avoiding overshoots at discontinuities, a Flux-Corrected Transport technique has been adapted to the quasi-3D method in order to achieve convergence and avoid numerical dispersion. It is shown that the combination of dissipation via damping together with the phoenical form of the anti-diffusion term provides satisfactory resultsTorregrosa, AJ.; Broatch Jacobi, JA.; Arnau Martínez, FJ.; Hernández-Marco, M. (2016). A non-linear quasi-3D model with Flux-Corrected-Transport for engine gas-exchange modelling. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics. 291:103-111. doi:10.1016/j.cam.2015.03.034S10311129

Phenomenological methodology for assessing the influence of flow conditions on the acoustic response of exhaust aftertreatment systems

[EN] The increasing limits of standards on aerosol and gaseous emissions from internal combustion engines have led to the progressive inclusion of different exhaust aftertreatment systems (EATS) as a part of the powertrain. Regulated emissions are generally abated making use of devices based on monolithic structures with different chemical functions. As a side effect, wave transmission across the device is affected and so is the boundary at the exhaust line inlet, so that the design of the latter is in turn affected. While some models are available for the prediction of these effects, the geometrical complexity of many devices makes still necessary in many cases to rely on experimental measurements, which cannot cover all the diversity of flow conditions under which these devices operate. To overcome this limitation, a phenomenological methodology is proposed in this work that allows for the sound extrapolation of experimental results to flow conditions different from those used in the measurements. The transfer matrix is obtained from tests in an impulse rig for different excitation amplitudes and mean flows. The experimental coefficients of the transmission matrix of the device are fitted to Fourier series. It allows treating the influence of the flow conditions on the acoustic response, which is manifested on changes in the characteristic periods, separately from the specific properties of every device. In order to provide predictive capabilities to the method, the Fourier series approach is coupled to a gas dynamics model able to account for the sensitivity of propagation velocity to variations in the flow conditions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through Grant no. TRA2013-40853-R. Additionally, the Ph.D. student E.J. Sanchis has been funded by a grant from Universitat Politecnica de Valencia with reference FPI-2016-S2-1355. These supports are gratefully acknowledged by the authors. Finally, the authors wish also to acknowledge the suggestions of the referees, which have resulted in a considerable improvement of the text.Torregrosa, AJ.; Arnau Martínez, FJ.; Piqueras, P.; Sanchis-Pacheco, EJ.; Tartoussi, H. (2017). Phenomenological methodology for assessing the influence of flow conditions on the acoustic response of exhaust aftertreatment systems. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 396:289-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2017.02.03328930639

Topographic characterisation of dental implants for commercial use

To characterize the surface topography of several dental implants for commercial use. Dental implants analyzed were Certain (Biomet 3i), Tissue Level (Straumann), Interna (BTI), MG-InHex (MozoGrau), SPI (Alphabio) and Hikelt (Bioner). Surface topography was ascertained using a confocal microscope with white light. Roughness parameters obtained were: Ra, Rq, Rv, Rp, Rt, Rsk and Rku. The results were analysed using single-factor ANOVA and Student-Neuman-Keuls(p<0.05) tests. Certain and Hikelt obtained the highest Ra and Rq scores, followed by Tissue Level. Interna and SPI obtained lower scores, and MG-InHex obtained the lowest score. Rv scores followed the same trend. Certain obtained the highest Rp score, followed by SPI and Hikelt, then Interna and Tissue Level. MG-InHex obtained the lowest scores. Certain obtained the highest Rt score, followed by Interna and Hikelt, then SPI and Tissue Level. The lowest scores were for MG-InHex. Rsk was negative (punctured surface) in the MG-InHex, SPI and Tissue Level systems, and positive (pointed surface) in the other systems. Rku was higher than 3 (Leptokurtic) in Tissue Level, Interna, MG-InHex and SPI, and lower than 3 (Platykurtic) in Certain and Hikelt. The type of implant determines surface topography, and there are differences in the roughness parameters of the various makes of implants for clinical use

Analysis of the Flow in a Typified USBR II Stilling Basin through a Numerical and Physical Modeling Approach

[EN] Adaptation of stilling basins to higher discharges than those considered for their design implies deep knowledge of the flow developed in these structures. To this end, the hydraulic jump occurring in a typified United States Bureau of Reclamation Type II (USBR II) stilling basin was analyzed using a numerical and experimental modeling approach. A reduced-scale physical model to conduct an experimental campaign was built and a numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was prepared to carry out the corresponding simulations. Both models were able to successfully reproduce the case study in terms of hydraulic jump shape, velocity profiles, and pressure distributions. The analysis revealed not only similarities to the flow in classical hydraulic jumps but also the influence of the energy dissipation devices existing in the stilling basin, all in good agreement with bibliographical information, despite some slight differences. Furthermore, the void fraction distribution was analyzed, showing satisfactory performance of the physical model, although the numerical approach presented some limitations to adequately represent the flow aeration mechanisms, which are discussed herein. Overall, the presented modeling approach can be considered as a useful tool to address the analysis of free surface flows occurring in stilling basins.This research was funded by 'Generalitat Valenciana predoctoral grants (Grant number [2015/7521])', in collaboration with the European Social Funds and by the research project: 'La aireacion del flujo y su implementacion en prototipo para la mejora de la disipacion de energia de la lamina vertiente por resalto hidraulico en distintos tipos de presas' (BIA2017-85412-C2-1-R), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy.Macián Pérez, JF.; García-Bartual, R.; Huber, B.; Bayón, A.; Vallés-Morán, FJ. (2020). Analysis of the Flow in a Typified USBR II Stilling Basin through a Numerical and Physical Modeling Approach. Water. 12(1):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010227S120121Bayon, A., Valero, D., García-Bartual, R., Vallés-Morán, F. ​José, & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2016). Performance assessment of OpenFOAM and FLOW-3D in the numerical modeling of a low Reynolds number hydraulic jump. Environmental Modelling & Software, 80, 322-335. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.018Chanson, H. (2008). Turbulent air–water flows in hydraulic structures: dynamic similarity and scale effects. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 9(2), 125-142. doi:10.1007/s10652-008-9078-3Heller, V. (2011). Scale effects in physical hydraulic engineering models. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 49(3), 293-306. doi:10.1080/00221686.2011.578914Chanson, H. (2013). Hydraulics of aerated flows:qui pro quo? Journal of Hydraulic Research, 51(3), 223-243. doi:10.1080/00221686.2013.795917Blocken, B., & Gualtieri, C. (2012). Ten iterative steps for model development and evaluation applied to Computational Fluid Dynamics for Environmental Fluid Mechanics. Environmental Modelling & Software, 33, 1-22. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.02.001Wang, H., & Chanson, H. (2015). Experimental Study of Turbulent Fluctuations in Hydraulic Jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 141(7), 04015010. doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001010Valero, D., Viti, N., & Gualtieri, C. (2018). Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 1: Experimental Data for Modelling Performance Assessment. Water, 11(1), 36. doi:10.3390/w11010036Viti, N., Valero, D., & Gualtieri, C. (2018). Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jumps. Part 2: Recent Results and Future Outlook. Water, 11(1), 28. doi:10.3390/w11010028Bayon-Barrachina, A., & Lopez-Jimenez, P. A. (2015). Numerical analysis of hydraulic jumps using OpenFOAM. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 17(4), 662-678. doi:10.2166/hydro.2015.041Teuber, K., Broecker, T., Bayón, A., Nützmann, G., & Hinkelmann, R. (2019). CFD-modelling of free surface flows in closed conduits. Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, An International Journal, 19(6), 368. doi:10.1504/pcfd.2019.103266Chachereau, Y., & Chanson, H. (2011). Free-surface fluctuations and turbulence in hydraulic jumps. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 35(6), 896-909. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2011.01.009Zhang, G., Wang, H., & Chanson, H. (2012). Turbulence and aeration in hydraulic jumps: free-surface fluctuation and integral turbulent scale measurements. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 13(2), 189-204. doi:10.1007/s10652-012-9254-3Mossa, M. (1999). On the oscillating characteristics of hydraulic jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 37(4), 541-558. doi:10.1080/00221686.1999.9628267Chanson, H., & Brattberg, T. (2000). Experimental study of the air–water shear flow in a hydraulic jump. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 26(4), 583-607. doi:10.1016/s0301-9322(99)00016-6Murzyn, F., Mouaze, D., & Chaplin, J. R. (2005). Optical fibre probe measurements of bubbly flow in hydraulic jumps. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 31(1), 141-154. doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2004.09.004Gualtieri, C., & Chanson, H. (2007). Experimental analysis of Froude number effect on air entrainment in the hydraulic jump. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 7(3), 217-238. doi:10.1007/s10652-006-9016-1Chanson, H., & Gualtieri, C. (2008). Similitude and scale effects of air entrainment in hydraulic jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 46(1), 35-44. doi:10.1080/00221686.2008.9521841Ho, D. K. H., & Riddette, K. M. (2010). Application of computational fluid dynamics to evaluate hydraulic performance of spillways in australia. Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 6(1), 81-104. doi:10.1080/14488353.2010.11463946Dong, Wang, Vetsch, Boes, & Tan. (2019). Numerical Simulation of Air–Water Two-Phase Flow on Stepped Spillways Behind X-Shaped Flaring Gate Piers under Very High Unit Discharge. Water, 11(10), 1956. doi:10.3390/w11101956Toso, J. W., & Bowers, C. E. (1988). Extreme Pressures in Hydraulic‐Jump Stilling Basins. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 114(8), 829-843. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1988)114:8(829)Houichi, L., Ibrahim, G., & Achour, B. (2006). Experiments for the Discharge Capacity of the Siphon Spillway Having the Creager-Ofitserov Profile. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research, 33(5), 395-406. doi:10.1615/interjfluidmechres.v33.i5.10Padulano, R., Fecarotta, O., Del Giudice, G., & Carravetta, A. (2017). Hydraulic Design of a USBR Type II Stilling Basin. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 143(5), 04017001. doi:10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001150Hirt, C. ., & Nichols, B. . (1981). Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. Journal of Computational Physics, 39(1), 201-225. doi:10.1016/0021-9991(81)90145-5Bombardelli, F. A., Meireles, I., & Matos, J. (2010). Laboratory measurements and multi-block numerical simulations of the mean flow and turbulence in the non-aerated skimming flow region of steep stepped spillways. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 11(3), 263-288. doi:10.1007/s10652-010-9188-6Pope, S. B. (2001). Turbulent Flows. Measurement Science and Technology, 12(11), 2020-2021. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/12/11/705Harlow, F. H. (1967). Turbulence Transport Equations. Physics of Fluids, 10(11), 2323. doi:10.1063/1.1762039Launder, B. E., & Sharma, B. I. (1974). Application of the energy-dissipation model of turbulence to the calculation of flow near a spinning disc. Letters in Heat and Mass Transfer, 1(2), 131-137. doi:10.1016/0094-4548(74)90150-7Yakhot, V., Orszag, S. A., Thangam, S., Gatski, T. B., & Speziale, C. G. (1992). Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique. Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, 4(7), 1510-1520. doi:10.1063/1.858424Li, S., & Zhang, J. (2018). Numerical Investigation on the Hydraulic Properties of the Skimming Flow over Pooled Stepped Spillway. Water, 10(10), 1478. doi:10.3390/w10101478Zhang, W., Wang, J., Zhou, C., Dong, Z., & Zhou, Z. (2018). Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Characteristics in A Vortex Drop Shaft. Water, 10(10), 1393. doi:10.3390/w10101393Xiang, M., Cheung, S. C. P., Tu, J. Y., & Zhang, W. H. (2014). A multi-fluid modelling approach for the air entrainment and internal bubbly flow region in hydraulic jumps. Ocean Engineering, 91, 51-63. doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.08.016Procedure for Estimation and Reporting of Uncertainty Due to Discretization in CFD Applications. (2008). Journal of Fluids Engineering, 130(7), 078001. doi:10.1115/1.2960953Cartellier, A., & Achard, J. L. (1991). Local phase detection probes in fluid/fluid two‐phase flows. Review of Scientific Instruments, 62(2), 279-303. doi:10.1063/1.1142117Cartellier, A., & Barrau, E. (1998). Monofiber optical probes for gas detection and gas velocity measurements: conical probes. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 24(8), 1265-1294. doi:10.1016/s0301-9322(98)00032-9Boyer, C., Duquenne, A.-M., & Wild, G. (2002). Measuring techniques in gas–liquid and gas–liquid–solid reactors. Chemical Engineering Science, 57(16), 3185-3215. doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00193-8Hager, W. H., & Bremen, R. (1989). Classical hydraulic jump: sequent depths. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 27(5), 565-585. doi:10.1080/00221688909499111Hager, W. H., & Li, D. (1992). Sill-controlled energy dissipator. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 30(2), 165-181. doi:10.1080/00221689209498932Bakhmeteff, B. A., & Matzke, A. E. (1936). The Hydraulic Jump in Terms of Dynamic Similarity. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 101(1), 630-647. doi:10.1061/taceat.0004708Hager, W. H., Bremen, R., & Kawagoshi, N. (1990). Classical hydraulic jump: length of roller. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 28(5), 591-608. doi:10.1080/00221689009499048Bennett, N. D., Croke, B. F. W., Guariso, G., Guillaume, J. H. A., Hamilton, S. H., Jakeman, A. J., … Andreassian, V. (2013). Characterising performance of environmental models. Environmental Modelling & Software, 40, 1-20. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.09.011McCorquodale, J. A., & Khalifa, A. (1983). Internal Flow in Hydraulic Jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 109(5), 684-701. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1983)109:5(684)Kirkgöz, M. S., & Ardiçlioğlu, M. (1997). Velocity Profiles of Developing and Developed Open Channel Flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 123(12), 1099-1105. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1997)123:12(1099

Characterization of Structural Properties in High Reynolds Hydraulic Jump Based on CFD and Physical Modeling Approaches

[EN] A classical hydraulic jump with Froude number (Fr1=6) and Reynolds number (Re1=210,000) was characterized using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes OpenFOAM and FLOW-3D, whose performance was assessed. The results were compared with experimental data from a physical model designed for this purpose. The most relevant hydraulic jump characteristics were investigated, including hydraulic jump efficiency, roller length, free surface profile, distributions of velocity and pressure, and fluctuating variables. The model outcome was also compared with previous results from the literature. Both CFD codes were found to represent with high accuracy the hydraulic jump surface profile, roller length, efficiency, and sequent depths ratio, consistently with previous research. Some significant differences were found between both CFD codes regarding velocity distributions and pressure fluctuations, although in general the results agree well with experimental and bibliographical observations. This finding makes models with these characteristics suitable for engineering applications involving the design and optimization of energy dissipation devices.The research presented herein was possible thanks to the Generalitat Valenciana predoctoral grants [Ref. (2015/7521)], in collaboration with the European Social Funds and to the research project La aireacion del flujo y su implementacion en prototipo para la mejora de la disipacion de energia de la lamina vertiente por resalto hidraulico en distintos tipos de presas (BIA2017-85412-C2-1-R), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy.Macián Pérez, JF.; Bayón, A.; García-Bartual, R.; López Jiménez, PA.; Vallés-Morán, FJ. (2020). Characterization of Structural Properties in High Reynolds Hydraulic Jump Based on CFD and Physical Modeling Approaches. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 146(12):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001820S11314612Abdul Khader, M. H., & Elango, K. (1974). TURBULENT PRESSURE FIELD BENEATH A HYDRAULIC JUMP. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 12(4), 469-489. doi:10.1080/00221687409499725Bakhmeteff B. A. and A. E. Matzke. 1936. “The hydraulic jump in terms of dynamic similarity.” In Vol. 101 of Proc. American Society of Civil Engineers 630–647. Reston VA: ASCE.Bayon A. 2017. “Numerical analysis of air-water flows in hydraulic structures using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).” Ph.D. thesis Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering Universitat Politècnica de València.Bayon-Barrachina, A., & Lopez-Jimenez, P. A. (2015). Numerical analysis of hydraulic jumps using OpenFOAM. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 17(4), 662-678. doi:10.2166/hydro.2015.041Bayon A. J. F. Macián-Pérez F. J. Vallés-Morán and P. A. López-Jiménez. 2019. “Effect of RANS turbulence model in hydraulic jump CFD simulations.” In E-proc. 38th IAHR World Congress. Panama City Panama: Spanish Ministry of Economy.Bayon, A., Toro, J. P., Bombardelli, F. A., Matos, J., & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2018). Influence of VOF technique, turbulence model and discretization scheme on the numerical simulation of the non-aerated, skimming flow in stepped spillways. Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 19, 137-149. doi:10.1016/j.jher.2017.10.002Bayon, A., Valero, D., García-Bartual, R., Vallés-Morán, F. ​José, & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2016). Performance assessment of OpenFOAM and FLOW-3D in the numerical modeling of a low Reynolds number hydraulic jump. Environmental Modelling & Software, 80, 322-335. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.018Bennett, N. D., Croke, B. F. W., Guariso, G., Guillaume, J. H. A., Hamilton, S. H., Jakeman, A. J., … Andreassian, V. (2013). Characterising performance of environmental models. Environmental Modelling & Software, 40, 1-20. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.09.011Biswas, R., & Strawn, R. C. (1998). Tetrahedral and hexahedral mesh adaptation for CFD problems. Applied Numerical Mathematics, 26(1-2), 135-151. doi:10.1016/s0168-9274(97)00092-5Blocken, B., & Gualtieri, C. (2012). Ten iterative steps for model development and evaluation applied to Computational Fluid Dynamics for Environmental Fluid Mechanics. Environmental Modelling & Software, 33, 1-22. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.02.001Bombardelli, F. A., Meireles, I., & Matos, J. (2010). Laboratory measurements and multi-block numerical simulations of the mean flow and turbulence in the non-aerated skimming flow region of steep stepped spillways. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 11(3), 263-288. doi:10.1007/s10652-010-9188-6Bradshaw, P. (1997). Understanding and prediction of turbulent flow—1996. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 18(1), 45-54. doi:10.1016/s0142-727x(96)00134-8Caishui, H. (2012). Three-dimensional Numerical Analysis of Flow Pattern in Pressure Forebay of Hydropower Station. Procedia Engineering, 28, 128-135. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.694Castillo L. G. J. M. Carrillo J. T. García and A. Vigueras-Rodríguez. 2014. “Numerical simulations and laboratory measurements in hydraulic jumps.” In Proc. 11th Int. Conf. of Hydroinformatics. New York: Spanish Ministry of Economy.Castro-Orgaz, O., & Hager, W. H. (2009). Classical hydraulic jump: basic flow features. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 47(6), 744-754. doi:10.3826/jhr.2009.3610Procedure for Estimation and Reporting of Uncertainty Due to Discretization in CFD Applications. (2008). Journal of Fluids Engineering, 130(7), 078001. doi:10.1115/1.2960953Chachereau, Y., & Chanson, H. (2011). Free-surface fluctuations and turbulence in hydraulic jumps. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 35(6), 896-909. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2011.01.009Chanson, H. (2006). Bubble entrainment, spray and splashing at hydraulic jumps. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A, 7(8), 1396-1405. doi:10.1631/jzus.2006.a1396Chanson, H. (2009). Current knowledge in hydraulic jumps and related phenomena. A survey of experimental results. European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, 28(2), 191-210. doi:10.1016/j.euromechflu.2008.06.004Chanson, H. (2013). Hydraulics of aerated flows:qui pro quo? Journal of Hydraulic Research, 51(3), 223-243. doi:10.1080/00221686.2013.795917Chanson, H., & Brattberg, T. (2000). Experimental study of the air–water shear flow in a hydraulic jump. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 26(4), 583-607. doi:10.1016/s0301-9322(99)00016-6Chanson, H., & Gualtieri, C. (2008). Similitude and scale effects of air entrainment in hydraulic jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 46(1), 35-44. doi:10.1080/00221686.2008.9521841Chanson, H., & Montes, J. S. (1995). Characteristics of Undular Hydraulic Jumps: Experimental Apparatus and Flow Patterns. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 121(2), 129-144. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1995)121:2(129)Cheng, C.-K., Tai, Y.-C., & Jin, Y.-C. (2017). Particle Image Velocity Measurement and Mesh-Free Method Modeling Study of Forced Hydraulic Jumps. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 143(9), 04017028. doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001325Dong, Wang, Vetsch, Boes, & Tan. (2019). Numerical Simulation of Air–Water Two-Phase Flow on Stepped Spillways Behind X-Shaped Flaring Gate Piers under Very High Unit Discharge. Water, 11(10), 1956. doi:10.3390/w11101956Fuentes-Pérez, J. F., Silva, A. T., Tuhtan, J. A., García-Vega, A., Carbonell-Baeza, R., Musall, M., & Kruusmaa, M. (2018). 3D modelling of non-uniform and turbulent flow in vertical slot fishways. Environmental Modelling & Software, 99, 156-169. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.09.011Gualtieri, C., & Chanson, H. (2007). Experimental analysis of Froude number effect on air entrainment in the hydraulic jump. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 7(3), 217-238. doi:10.1007/s10652-006-9016-1Hager, W. H. (1992). Energy Dissipators and Hydraulic Jump. Water Science and Technology Library. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8048-9Hager, W. H., & Bremen, R. (1989). Classical hydraulic jump: sequent depths. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 27(5), 565-585. doi:10.1080/00221688909499111Hager, W. H., Bremen, R., & Kawagoshi, N. (1990). Classical hydraulic jump: length of roller. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 28(5), 591-608. doi:10.1080/00221689009499048Heller, V. (2011). Scale effects in physical hydraulic engineering models. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 49(3), 293-306. doi:10.1080/00221686.2011.578914Hirt, C. ., & Nichols, B. . (1981). Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. 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Design of hydraulic installations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

[ES] La cuantificación de pérdidas de carga causadas por elementos singulares en instalaciones hidráulicas no puede realizarse determinísticamente, por lo que debe llevarse a cabo su ensayo en laboratorio. No obstante, para el diseño del banco de ensayos es necesario estimar dichas pérdidas. En el presente trabajo, se plantea un método iterativo apoyado en un modelo de dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD). En concreto, se emplea el caso de una instalación para un tubo Venturi y la plataforma de código abierto OpenFOAM con cierre de turbulencia Standard k-&#949;, obteniéndose así una instalación correctamente dimensionada para el análisis del rango de caudales deseado.[EN] The quantification of energy losses caused by singularities in hydraulic facilities cannot be deterministically conducted. To do so, laboratory tests must be performed. However, in order to design the necessary test benches, the losses to assess must be estimated. In the work presented herein, an iterative method supported by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is presented. In particular, the case of facility for a Venturi tube is employed, along with the open-source code OpenFOAM, using the RNG k-¿ turbulence closure. As a result, a well-designed facility capable of supplying the desired range of flowrates is obtainedEsta investigación ha sido posible en el marco del proyecto HIDRASENSE (Plan Estatal de I+D+i MINECO, Convocatoria Retos-Colaboración 2014).Bayón, A.; Vallés-Morán, FJ.; Macián Pérez, JF.; López Jiménez, PA. (2017). Diseño de instalaciones hidráulicas experimentales con apoyo de la dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD). Revista Hidrolatinoamericana de Jóvenes Investigadores y Profesionales. (1):23-26. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/112710S2326

Effects of Leucine Administration in Sarcopenia:A Randomized and Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

Treating sarcopenia in older individuals remains a challenge, and nutritional interventions present promising approaches in individuals that perform limited physical exercise. We assessed the efficacy of leucine administration to evaluate whether the regular intake of this essential amino acid can improve muscle mass, muscle strength and functional performance and respiratory muscle function in institutionalized older individuals. The study was a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind design in fifty participants aged 65 and over (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03831399). The participants were randomized to a parallel group intervention of 13 weeks' duration with a daily intake of leucine (6 g/day) or placebo (lactose, 6 g/day). The primary outcome was to study the effect on sarcopenia and respiratory muscle function. The secondary outcomes were changes in the geriatric evaluation scales, such as cognitive function, functional impairment and nutritional assessments. We also evaluated whether leucine administration alters blood analytical parameters and inflammatory markers. Administration of leucine was well-tolerated and significantly improves some criteria of sarcopenia in elderly individuals such as functional performance measured by walking time (p = 0.011), and improved lean mass index. For respiratory muscle function, the leucine-treated group improved significantly (p = 0.026) in maximum static expiratory force compared to the placebo. No significant effects on functional impairment, cognitive function or nutritional assessment, inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha were observed after leucine administration compared to the placebo. The use of l-leucine supplementation can have some beneficial effects on sarcopenia and could be considered for the treatment of sarcopenia in older individuals

Gold nanoparticle-based two-photon fluorescent nanoprobe for monitoring intracellular nitric oxide levels

Significance Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological mechanisms of the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems; and plays an important role in cancer being involved in tumor growth and suppressing processes depending on its concentration. Approach The development of a near-infrared excitable nanoprobe, consisting of gold nanoparticles functionalized with a two-photon excitable NO probe, for the detection of intracellular NO is reported. Results The nanoprobe showed good selectivity towards NO over cellular interferences and excellent stability in aqueous-medium over time. The nanoprobe was able to selectively detect endogenous and exogenous NO in different cell lines and it accumulated in the acidic organelles showing negligible toxicity. Importantly, the nanoprobe showed potential to quantify intracellular NO concentrations in breast cancer cells. Conclusions The novel gold-based two-photon nanoprobe showed an excellent performance and versatility and could potentially be applied for the spatiotemporal monitoring of in vivo NO levels

Experimental validation of a one-dimensional twin-entry radial turbine model under non-linear pulse conditions

This is the author¿s version of a work that was accepted for publication in International Journal of Engine Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published as https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087419869157[EN] This article presents the experimental validation of a complete integrated one-dimensional twin-scroll turbine model able to be used in reciprocating internal combustion engine unsteady simulations. A passenger car with a twin-entry-type turbine has been tested under engine-like pulse conditions by means of a specifically built gas stand. To obtain high-resolution quality data, the turbine and turbine line pipes have been instrumented with mean and instantaneous pressure sensors as well as temperature and mass flow sensors, employing a uniquely designed rotating valve for the pulse generation. This experimental configuration enables to obtain the pressure decomposition in both inlets and outlets of the turbine. Using the experimental data obtained, the model is fully validated, with special focus on the reflected and transmitted components for analysing the performance of the model and its non-linear acoustics prediction capabilities. The model presents a very high degree of correlation with the experimental results, providing a range of errors similar to the uncertainty of the measurements, even in the medium- and high-frequency spectra.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the 'Ayuda a Primeros Proyectos de Investigacion' (PAID-06-18), Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Innovacion y Transferencia de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain. P.S. was partially supported through contract FPI-2017-S2-1428 of Programa de Apoyo para la Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID) of Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Serrano, J.; Arnau Martínez, FJ.; García-Cuevas González, LM.; Soler-Blanco, P.; Cheung, R. (2021). Experimental validation of a one-dimensional twin-entry radial turbine model under non-linear pulse conditions. 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