Aetiology, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Predictors of\ud Urinary Tract Infection among Febrile Under-Fives at\ud Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam-Tanzania

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of fever in children and contributes to morbidity and mortality. This study aimed at determining prevalence, aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam- Tanzania. Demographic data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. 382 febrile children below five years admitted in the general paediatric wards were recruited. Urine specimens were obtained for urinalysis, culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. UTI was detected in 16.8% (64/382). Children who presented prolonged duration of fever (7 days or longer) were more likely to have UTI (p< 0.01). Duration of fever, positive leukocyte and nitrite tests were independent predictors of UTI. Isolated bacteria included Escherichia coli (39.1%), Klebsiella spp (31.2%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (4.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.7%). We observed high resistance of the isolated uropathogens to ampicillin (79.9%), co-trimoxazole (89%) and clavulanate-amoxillin (70.3%). Amikacin had the least resistance (12.5%) from the isolated pathogens

Dissecting trade: firms, industries, and export destinations

We examine entry across 113 national markets in 16 different industries using a comprehensive data set of French manufacturing firms. The data are unique in indicating how much each firm exports to each destination. Looking across all manufacturers: (1) Firms differ substantially in export participation, with most selling only at home; (2) The number of firms selling to multiple markets falls off with the number of destinations with an elasticity of ?2.5; (3) Decomposing French exports to each destination into the size of the market and French share, variation in market share translates nearly completely into firm entry while about 60 percent of the variation in market size is reflected in firm entry. Looking within each of 16 industries we find little variation in these patterns. We propose that any successful model of trade and market structure must confront these facts.Exports ; International trade

Dissecting Trade: Firms, Industries, and Export Destinations

We examine entry across 113 national markets in 16 different industries using a comprehensive data set of French manufacturing firms. The data are unique in indicating how much each firm exports to each destination. Looking across all manufacturers: (1) Firms differ substantially in export participation, with most selling only at home; (2) The number of firms selling to multiple markets falls off with the number of destinations with an elasticity of -2.5; (3) Decomposing French exports to each destination into the size of the market and French share, variation in market share translates nearly completely into firm entry while about 60 percent of the variation in market size is reflected in firm entry. Looking within each of 16 industries we find little variation in these patterns. We propose that any successful model of trade and market structure must confront these facts.

To be or to be: the dilemma of copula choice for beginning-level learners of spanish

English-speaking learners of Spanish encounter great difficulties in acquiring the uses of the verbs ser and estar. The present study presents some traditional analyses of these verbs. The researcher tested university students’ understanding of the target forms via comprehension and production tests. Results of the investigation lend some empirical support to the claim that learners progress through identifiable stages in second language acquisition. Pedagogical implications are also discussed.Los estudiantes de español angloparlantes encuentran grandes dificultades en adquirir los usos de los verbos ser y estar. En este estudio, se presentan algunos análisis de estos verbos. El investigador examinó a estudiantes universitarios en su comprensión de estas formas a través de exámenes en comprensión y producción. Los resultados de la investigación prestan apoyo empírico a la propuesta de que los estudiantes pasan por etapas identificables en la adquisición de una segunda lengua. El trabajo también presenta varias implicaciones pedagógicas para la didáctica de estos verbos

Building capacity for policy analysis

This paper attempts to examine the concept and scope of policy analysis and to distill the lessons of experience in building the capacity for policy analysis in a number of developing countries over the past three decades. It concludes that strategies for developing indigenous capabilities for policy analysis will vary from country to country. In countries where non-government clientele and sources of support are limited but government is interested, the initial focus should be on strengthening government capability. Countries where there is demand for policy analysis in both the government and private sector may be ripe for arm's length centers for policy analysis. If such centers are not appropriate, private sector associations could help set up policy analysis units. In countries where the private sector is weak, academic institutions with close links to government may help create some local capability.Poverty Assessment,ICT Policy and Strategies,Geographical Information Systems,Inequality,Achieving Shared Growth

The prior training and experience of the supervising elementary school principal in Massachusetts and Rhode Island

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Improvement of the teaching of general science in the junior high school

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University, 1931. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Improvement of the teaching of general science in the junior high school

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University, 1931. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Origins of the Government Shutdown: The American Budget\u27s Greatest Inefficiency

Over the last 40 years, the American budget system has become increasingly inefficient and detrimental to the American People. The biggest issue within the budget system is the occurrence of government shutdowns and their increasing severity over time. Government shutdowns are a uniquely dangerous phenomenon that directly affects all Americans, hurting public workers, public infrastructure, removing social services, and creating chaos all across the country. The unprecedented harm caused by government shutdowns is well known and the shutdowns themselves are entirely avoidable, yet they continue to not only happen but increase in magnitude. I theorize that these shutdowns are caused by an increase in political polarization, faulty budget procedure surrounding the budget system, or a combination of the two. For this purpose I researched the most intense shutdowns in current history under the Clinton, Obama, and Trump administrations. Political polarization has caused a rift between the Republican and Democratic parties that has encouraged the use of government shutdowns as political weapons in ideologically charged fights. The infrastructure around the budget has also become complicated with inter-agency budgetary politics and a continually more complicated budget due to bulky legislation and natural federal growth. After analysis, it is clear that political polarization is a direct factor in the continually growing problem of government shutdowns. Proving infrastructural problems in budget procedure, however, was inconclusive due to the lack of available records of its affect during government shutdowns