Internazionalizzazione del diritto costituzionale e costituzionalizzazione del diritto internazionale delle differenze. = The internationalization of constitutional law and the constitutionalization of international law: differences. European Diversity and Autonomy Papers. EDAP 2/2009

Il trattamento giuridico delle differenze ha assistito, negli ultimi anni, alla convergenza di due fenomeni epocali: da un lato la proliferazione degli strumenti internazionali per la protezione delle minoranze etno-nazionali, dall’altro la sfida del pluralismo e le sue ripercussioni giuridiche. Il concomitante effetto di questi due fenomeni ha dato vita a ciò che potrebbe definirsi il nuovo diritto delle differenze, che presenta aspetti per molti versi innovativi rispetto al passato, sia sotto il profilo delle fonti, sia rispetto al modo di operare degli strumenti da queste prodotti. Si tratta di una sfida fondamentale per il giurista, che costringe a confrontarsi con problemi e strumenti parzialmente nuovi. Il presente contributo prova a toccare alcuni degli elementi principali di questa nuova sfida

Is there a space for federalism in times of emergency?

What impact is the Covid-19 pandemic having on the territorial division of power worldwide? Is emergency (in its formal or material meaning) at odds with (territorial) luralism or rather the opposite

Two Almost Identical Chambers Doing the Same Job Twice

Analysis of the amendment to the Italian constitution which lowers the voting age for the Senate, against the background of (the lack of) constitutional polic

Non-targeted LC-MS based metabolomics analysis of the urinary steroidal profile

The urinary steroidal fraction has been extensively explored as non-invasive alternative to monitor pathological conditions as well as to unveil the illicit intake of pseudo-endogenous anabolic steroids in sport. However, the majority of previous approaches involved the a priori selection of potentially relevant target analytes. Here we describe the non-targeted analysis of the urinary steroidal profiles. The workflow includes minimal sample pretreatment and normalization according to the specific gravity of urine, a 20 min reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic separation hyphenated to electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As initial validation, we analyzed a set of quality control urines spiked with glucurono- and sulfo-conjugated steroids at physiological ranges. We then applied the method for the analysis of samples collected after single transdermal administration of testosterone in hypogonadal men. The method allowed profiling of approximately three thousand metabolic features, including steroids of clinical and forensic relevance. It successfully identified metabolic pathways mostly responsible for groups clustering even in the context of high inter-individual variability and allowed the detection of currently unknown metabolic features correlating with testosterone administration. These outcomes set the stage for future studies aimed at implementing currently monitored urinary steroidal markers both in clinical and forensic analysis

Introduction: Federalism, local government and policy-making

This special issue examines local government; one of the less explored and yet most relevant aspects of federal studies. The special issue looks at cases that demonstrate how the growing role of local government has a considerable impact on federal systems

Exact spin polarization of massive and massless particles in relativistic fluids at global equilibrium

We present the exact form of the spin polarization vector and the spin density matrix of massive and massless free particles of any spin and helicity at general global equilibrium in a relativistic fluid with non-vanishing thermal vorticity, thus extending the known expression at the linear order. The exact form is obtained by means of the analytic continuation of the relativistic density operator to imaginary thermal vorticity and the resummation of the obtained series. The phenomenological implications for the polarization of the $\Lambda$ hyperon in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are addressed.Comment: 14 pages + 3 pages appendices. 2 figure

Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices and secondary instabilities in super-magnetosonic regimes

The nonlinear behaviour of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is investigated with a two-fluid simulation code in both sub-magnetosonic and super-magnetosonic regimes in a two-dimensional configuration chosen so as to represent typical conditions observed at the Earth's magnetopause flanks. It is shown that in super-magnetosonic regimes the plasma density inside the vortices produced by the development of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is approximately uniform, making the plasma inside the vortices effectively stable against the onset of secondary instabilities. However, the relative motion of the vortices relative to the plasma flow can cause the formation of shock structures. It is shown that in the region where the shocks are attached to the vortex boundaries the plasma conditions change rapidly and develop large gradients that allow for the onset of secondary instabilities not observed in sub-magnetosonic regimes

Back to Government?: The Pluralistic Deficit in the Decisionmaking Process and Before the Courts

Back to Government?: The Pluralistic Deficit in the Decisionmaking Processes and Before the Courts, Symposium. University of Trento, Italy, June 11-12, 2004