The Economic Evaluations and the Real Estate Appraisals for the Effectiveness, Feasibility and Sustainability of Urban Regeneration Measures

The urban policies and territorial live a period of profound transformation, characterized by a shift to new approaches and governance tools. Public intervention implemented through programs active an application for assessment: beyond the explicit applications contained in the various intervention tools, the decision-making sphere, facing the loss of representativeness of organized politics and the growing complexity of the variables that influence the public choices has the absolute necessity of auxiliary tools that allow you to optimize the use of available resources and at the same time make the decision-making path shareable and transparent. Fewer resources always available, the importance of the time during transformation processes, the rational legitimacy of choices - pose a number of difficult problems to solve that lead to the need to experiment with new tools to support decision makers, from the early stage of planning or in the pre-design phase (Saaty, 1990; 2008).In this valuation context of compatible functional solutions, the Multiple-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies (Roy & Bouyssou, 1993), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in particular, play a significant role as they allow to be taken into account all the intrinsic values of the assets in question, both economic and extra-economic. The use of these methods can provide choices that are not always based on the best cost-benefit ratio (Nesticò, Macchiaroli, & Pipolo, 2015). As well as guaranteeing the presence and the clarification of different values, the formalisation of an evaluation process carried out in these terms, expression of the community needs, also allows the control and the correspondence between general and specific choices. Since the asset is of particular value, it is, however, necessary that the various criteria and weights taken on the basis of the evaluation are shared by the community or rather, by direct users and by potential or future users

The Economic Evaluations and the Real Estate Appraisals for the Effectiveness, Feasibility and Sustainability of Urban Regeneration Measures

The urban policies and territorial live a period of profound transformation, characterized by a shift to new approaches and governance tools. Public intervention implemented through programs active an application for assessment: beyond the explicit applications contained in the various intervention tools, the decision-making sphere, facing the loss of representativeness of organized politics and the growing complexity of the variables that influence the public choices has the absolute necessity of auxiliary tools that allow you to optimize the use of available resources and at the same time make the decision-making path shareable and transparent. Fewer resources always available, the importance of the time during transformation processes, the rational legitimacy of choices - pose a number of difficult problems to solve that lead to the need to experiment with new tools to support decision makers, from the early stage of planning or in the pre-design phase (Saaty, 1990; 2008).In this valuation context of compatible functional solutions, the Multiple-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies (Roy & Bouyssou, 1993), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in particular, play a significant role as they allow to be taken into account all the intrinsic values of the assets in question, both economic and extra-economic. The use of these methods can provide choices that are not always based on the best cost-benefit ratio (Nesticò, Macchiaroli, & Pipolo, 2015).  As well as guaranteeing the presence and the clarification of different values, the formalisation of an evaluation process carried out in these terms, expression of the community needs, also allows the control and the correspondence between general and specific choices. Since the asset is of particular value, it is, however, necessary that the various criteria and weights taken on the basis of the evaluation are shared by the community or rather, by direct users and by potential or future users

Expression of epidermal growth factor and its receptor in normal and diseased human kidney: An immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study

Expression of epidermal growth factor and its receptor in normal and diseased human kidney: An immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study. The kidney is one of the major sites of EGF production and there it seems to play several biological functions, such as modulation of cell growth, renal repair following injury, regulation of cellular metabolism and glomerular haemodinamics. The present study was first aimed at localizing EGF and its receptor (R) in normal human kidney by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques. Then, the distribution of the growth factor and its R was explored in biopsy specimens from eight patients with acute tubulointerstitial damage. In the normal human kidney, both EGF immunoreactivity and EGF mRNA were localized in tubular profiles corresponding to Henle's loop and, although to a lesser intensity, to distal convoluted tubule. EGF immunostaining was remarkable mainly at the apical surface of tubular cells. EGF-R protein expression was detected in glomerular endothelial cells, in peritubular capillaries and arteriolar walls, as well as along the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and distal convoluted tubule, where it colocalized with Tamm-Horsfall protein. Immunohistochemical analysis of tubular profiles revealed that EGF-R was located especially along the basolateral membrane of tubular cells and within the basal part of cytoplasm. Endogenous alkaline phosphatase and CHIP28 positive tubules did not show any signal for EGF and its receptor. Kidneys with acute tubulointerstitial injury exhibited a dramatic decrease of EGF expression, whereas EGF-R showed only minor modifications. Interestingly, EGF-R was localized to both apical and antiluminal membranes of positive tubular cells. It is concluded that EGF-EGF receptor loop may be relevant in the pathogenesis of acute tubulointerstitial damage and recovery from tubular injury, while its role in the physiological renewal of the urothelium remains speculative