The concept of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) after poststernotomy mediastinitis – a single center experience with 54 patients

Deep sternal infections, also known as poststernotomy mediastinitis, are a rare but often fatal complication in cardiac surgery. They are a cause of increased morbidity and mortality and have a significant socioeconomic aspect concerning the health system. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) followed by muscular pectoralis plasty is a quite new technique for the treatment of mediastinitis after sternotomy. Although it could be demonstrated that this technique is at least as safe and reliable as other techniques for the therapy of deep sternal infections, complications are not absent. We report about our experiences and complications using this therapy in a set of 54 patients out of 3668 patients undergoing cardiac surgery in our institution between January 2005 and April 2007

Quadrilateral Space Syndrome Caused by a Humeral Osteochondroma: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) is a rare condition in which the posterior humeral circumflex artery and the axillary nerve are entrapped within the quadrilateral space. The main causes of the entrapment are abnormal fibrous bands and hypertrophy of the muscular boundaries. Many other space-occupying causes such as a glenoidal labral cyst or fracture hematoma have been reported in the literature. However, we could not find a report on classical QSS caused by an osteochondroma. The aim of this case report is to attract attention to an unusual etiology of shoulder pain, and to emphasize the importance of physical examination and x-ray imaging before performing more complex attempts for differential diagnosing

An antibacterial and absorbable silk-based fixation material with impressive mechanical properties and biocompatibility

Implant-associated infections and non-absorbing materials are two important reasons for a second surgical procedure to remove internal fixation devices after an orthopedic internal fixation surgery. The objective of this study was to produce an antibacterial and absorbable fixation screw by adding gentamicin to silk-based materials. The antibacterial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in vitro by plate cultivation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also investigated the properties, such as the mechanical features, swelling properties, biocompatibility and degradation, of gentamicin-loaded silk-based screws (GSS) in vitro. The GSS showed significant bactericidal effects against S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial activity remained high even after 4 weeks of immersion in protease solution. In addition, the GSS maintained the remarkable mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility of pure silk-based screws (PSS). Interestingly, after gentamicin incorporation, the degradation rate and water-absorbing capacity increased and decreased, respectively. These GSS provide both impressive material properties and antibacterial activity and have great potential for use in orthopedic implants to reduce the incidence of second surgeries

Tratamento agressivo com retalho muscular e/ou omentopexia nas infecções do esterno e mediastino anterior em pós-operatório de esternotomia Aggressive treatment using muscle flaps or omentopexy in infections of the sternum and anterior mediastinum following sternotomy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do tratamento agressivo com retalho muscular e/ou omentopexia nas infecções do esterno e mediastino anterior em pós-operatório de esternotomia sobre a mortalidade, comparando-o ao do tratamento conservador. MÉTODOS: Foram coletados dados pré-, trans- e pós-operatórios. O grupo A (n = 44) incluiu pacientes submetidos ao tratamento conservador-desbridamento associado a ressutura e/ou a irrigação contínua com solução de polivinilpirrolidona-iodo, ou ainda a cicatrização por segunda intenção (dados retrospectivos). O grupo B (n = 9) incluiu pacientes nos quais não houve resolução da infecção com o tratamento conservador e que, por isso, foram submetidos ao tratamento agressivo (fase intermediária). O grupo C (n = 28) incluiu pacientes submetidos primariamente ao tratamento agressivo (dados prospectivos). RESULTADOS: Identificou-se menor tempo de internação pós-operatória nos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento agressivo (p < 0,046). Houve 7 óbitos no grupo A, 1 no grupo B e 2 no grupo C. Entretanto, o nível de significância clássico de &#945; = 0,05 não foi atingido. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento agressivo mostrou-se também adequado para aquelas infecções em que o tratamento conservador não foi resolutivo. Esses achados demonstram que o tratamento proposto tem excelentes resultados.<br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an aggressive treatment approach using muscle flaps or omentopexy in infections of the sternum and anterior mediastinum following sternotomy on mortality, as compared to that of a conservative treatment approach. METHODS: Data were collected prior to, during and after the surgical procedures. Group A (n = 44) included patients submitted to conservative treatment-debridement together with resuture or continuous irrigation with polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solutions, or even with second-intention wound healing (retrospective data). Group B (n = 9) included patients in whom infection was not resolved with conservative treatment, and who therefore underwent aggressive treatment (intermediate phase). Group C (n = 28) included patients primarily submitted to aggressive treatment (prospective data). RESULTS: Postoperative hospital stays were shorter in the patients submitted to aggressive treatment (p < 0.046). There were 7 deaths in group A, 1 in group B, and 2 in group C. However, the classical level of significance of &#945; = 0.05 was not reached. CONCLUSION: Aggressive treatment also proved to be effective when the infection was not resolved with conservative treatment. These findings demonstrate that the proposed treatment provides excellent results